Effect of artificial natural light on the development of myopia among primary school-age children in China:a three-year longitudinal study

AIM:To assess the efficacy of artificial natural light in preventing incident myopia in primary school-age children.METHODS:This is a prospective,randomized control,intervention study.A total of 1840 students from 39 classes in 4 primary schools in Foshan participated in this study.The whole randomization method was adopted to include classes as a group according to 1:1 randomized control.Classrooms in the control group were illuminated by usual light,and classrooms in the intervention group were illuminated by artificial natural light.All students received uncorrected visual acuity and best-corrected visual acuity measurement,non-cycloplegic autorefraction,ocular biometric examination,slit lamp and strabismus examination.Three-year follow-up,the students underwent same procedures.Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction≤-0.50 D and uncorrected visual acuity<20/20.RESULTS:There were 894 students in the control group and 946 students in the intervention group with a mean±SD age of 7.50±0.53y.The three-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia was 26.4%(207 incident cases among 784 eligible participants at baseline)in the control group and 21.2%(164 incident cases among 774 eligible participants at baseline)in the intervention group[difference of 5.2%(95%CI,3.7%to 10.1%);P=0.035].There was also a significant difference in the three-year change in spherical equivalent refraction for the control group(-0.81 D)compared with the intervention group[-0.63 D;difference of 0.18 D(95%CI,0.08 to 0.28 D);P<0.001].Elongation of axial length was significantly different between in the control group(0.77 mm)and the intervention group[0.72 mm;difference of 0.05 mm(95%CI,0.01 to 0.09 mm);P=0.003].CONCLUSION:Artificial natural light in the classroom of primary schools can result in reducing incidence rate of myopia during a period of three years.

Modulating the crosstalk between macrophage and Th17: potential mechanism of natural products on acute lung injury

Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by the imbalance of the immune response to infection,featuring complex and variable conditions,and is one of the leading causes of mortality in ICU patients.Lung injury is a common organ damage observed in sepsis patients.Macrophages and Th17 cells,as crucial components of innate and adaptive immunity,play pivotal roles in the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury(ALI).This review summarizes the alterations and mechanisms of macrophages and Th17 cells in sepsis-induced ALI.By focusing on the“cross-talk”between macrophages and Th17 cells,this review aims to provide a solid theoretical foundation for further exploring the therapeutic targets of traditional Chinese medicine formulas in the treatment of sepsis complicated with ALI,thereby offering insights and guidance for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in managing sepsis-associated ALI.

circRNA影响胃癌发生发展及其机制的研究进展

环状RNA是通过反向剪接形成的一大类单链共价闭合的非编码RNA,广泛存在于多个细胞系和不同物种中,具有高度保守的序列,在特定组织或发育阶段特异性表达,并极其稳定.新近证据表明,环状RNA与各类肿瘤密切相关,可作为微小RNA及蛋白质“海绵”、转录调节因子、蛋白质翻译模板等角色,在胃癌发生发展机制中发挥着多种重要作用.本文就环状RNA的生物发生、特性、生物学功能、介导胃癌发生发展的潜在作用等方面研究现状进行了综述.

Effects of Qingwen Baidu decoction on coagulation and multiple organ injury in rat models of sepsis

Background:Sepsis-induced coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes are the leading causes of death in patients with sepsis.Qingwen Baidu decoction(QWBD)can effectively improve the clinical manifestations of sepsis and ease inflammation,but its effects on coagulation functions and multiple organ injuries remain unclear.Methods:100 healthy,male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham group,the cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)group,the low-dose QWBD group,and the high-dose QWBD group,with 25 rats in each group.The sepsis model was established using CLP.Blood was collected to measure platelet count,serum creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels,as well as coagulation function.The total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was determined in each group of rats.The lung,liver,and kidney tissues were harvested,and statistics were calculated on the wet-to-dry(W/D)weight ratio.Changes in histopathology and thrombin level were evaluated in each group.The remaining ten rats in each group were observed daily to record the number of surviving rats.Such observation was made consecutively for 7 days to calculate survival rates.Results:After model establishment,ALT,AST,Cr,and BUN levels were significantly elevated(P<0.01).The BALF protein content and lung W/D weight ratio were significantly increased(P<0.01).Furthermore,the survival rate of rats was significantly reduced in the CLP group compared with the sham group.After the treatment,rats in the high-dose QWBD group had lower ALT(P<0.05),AST(P<0.01),Cr(P<0.05),BUN(P<0.01)levels,lower BALF protein content(P<0.05)and lower lung W/D weight ratio(P<0.01)than the CLP group.However,rats in the high-dose QWBD group had significantly better pathological changes in the lung,liver,and kidney compared to the sham group.After the treatment,the platelet level in the peripheral blood was elevated(P<0.05)and both activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were significantly shortened(P<0.01).The fibrinogen level was significantly increased(P<0.01).Finally,thrombin positive expression areas in the lung,liver,and kidney were significantly decreased in the high-dose QWBD group.Conclusion:QWBD can improve coagulation disorders caused by sepsis and has a protective effect on multiple organ injuries in rats.

Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for respiratory disease therapy in 2021

Respiratory diseases are common conditions that endanger human health.Their etiology,pathogenesis,and prognosis are complex,and clinical research has been extensive.This paper reviews studies from the PubMed database to assess the progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of respiratory diseases in 2021,focusing on related animal and cell models of coronavirus disease 2019.Traditional Chinese medicine extracts,such as polysaccharides and emodin,and classic prescriptions,such as Mahuang decoction,respond to the treatment of influenza by reducing viral infections and regulating the body’s immune response.Chinese herbal extracts,such as schizandra B and andrographolide,treat asthma by inhibiting inflammatory response pathway formation,NLRP3 inflammasome formation,oxidative stress,and autophagy.Traditional Chinese medicine extracts such as fucoxanthin,and proprietary Chinese medicines such as the Xihuang pill is used in the treatment of lung cancer,as it regulates the cell cycle,inhibit tumor cell proliferation,and enhance the body’s immune function.Classic formulas such as the kidney tonic lung formula and proprietary Chinese medicine,such as compound grass stone silkworm granules,relieve airway inflammation and improve lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Chinese herbal extracts,such as jostilbene and sage phenol,inhibit epithelial cell-mesenchymal transformation and regulate the levels of inflammatory factors to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis to provide a reliable basis for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Creating nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond for coupling with flux qubit

Hybrid quantum system of negatively charged nitrogen–vacancy（NV^-） centers in diamond and superconducting qubits provide the possibility to extend the performances of both systems. In this work, we numerically simulate the coupling strength between NV^-ensembles and superconducting flux qubits and obtain a lower bound of 1016cm^（-3） for NV^-concentration to achieve a sufficiently strong coupling of 10 MHz when the gap between NV^-ensemble and flux qubit is 0. Moreover, we create NV^-ensembles in different types of diamonds by14^（N＋）and12（C＋）ion implantation, electron irradiation, and high temperature annealing. We obtain an NV^-concentration of 1.05 × 1016cm^（-3） in the diamond with1-ppm nitrogen impurity, which is expected to have a long coherence time for the low nitrogen impurity concentration. This shows a step toward performance improvement of flux qubit-NV^-hybrid system.

Predictive value of initial procalcitonin level in perioperative period of critically ill cancer patients

The predictive value of the initial procalcitonin(PCT)level was explored in the perioperative peniod of citically ill cancer patients.Background:It is quite important to predict infections in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).Cancer surgery is characterized by large trauma,long duration,and wide operation scope;and there are many inflammatory factors in the tumor.Common manifestations of systermic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)。such as fever,elevated white blood cells,and elevated infammatory indicators,frequently occur in patients during the penioperative period as a result of the above factors.These factors are diverse and complex;additionally,advanced cancer and the trauma of major surgery are important factors that influence PCT blood levels.Because all of the aforementioned factors make it dificult to distinguish the postoperative inflammatory response fom the true infection in clinical practice,conventional methods cannot prediet disease sevenity or disease course.Methods:A total of 53 patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the ICU of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2020 to May 2020,were retrospectively selected.According to the patient source,35 cases were assigned to ORIG(Operating Room to ICU Group),and 18 cases were assigned to General Ward to ICU group(GWO).At the ICU admission,the patient's age,sex,surgical site of tumor,reason for ICU and other data were recorded to form a database;PCT,B-type natiuretic peptide(BNP),high sensitivity toponin I(hsTni),serumn creatinine(Cr),serum cystatin C(Cys-c)and other laboratory indicators were detected;scores of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)were marked 24 h after ICU admission;Proportion of Antibiotics,Time Antibiotic Application,and Time Indicators(Ventilator support Time,Endotracheal Intubation Time,ICU Stay Time)were recorded during the period from ICU admission to ICU discharge.Results:APAHCE Ⅱ score and SOFA score increased significantly in the GWIG,compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01);the GWIG had a significantly longer Time Antibiotic Application than the ORIG,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01);in tems of blood indicators,the PCT,BNP,and hsTNi levels were elevated in the GWIG compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(p<0.01);no statistical differences were found in Cr and Cys-C levels(P>0.05).In terms of time indicators,the Ventilator support Time,Endotracheal Intubation Time,and ICU Stay Time were prolonged in the GWIG compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The PCT level was statistically signifcant(P<0.01)when correlated with the Ventilator Supporting Time and Endotracheal Intubation Time;however,the PCT level was negatively correlated with the ICU Stay Time,with a small r(correlation cofficient)value and no statistical significance(P>0.05)when correlated with the ICU Stay Time.Conclusion:The initial PCT level can predict the disease severity in critically ill cancer patients treated with mechanical ventilation during the perioperative period.

Porous sodium titanate nanofibers for high energy quasi-solid-state sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SICs)have considered as promising candidate for lithium-ion counterpart in large-scale energy storage due to their advantages of natural abundance,potential low cost,and high energy-power output.

Post-marketing Surveillance for Combined Oral Contraceptive Containing Desogestrel(Marvelon~) in Chinese Rural Areas

To assess the side effects and the continuation rate of combined oral contraceptive （COC） containing desogestrel （Marvelon） during 12 months. Methods This was a post-marketing surveillance study on Marvelon COC among 870 healthy rural women in 5 different counties of Jiangsu Province during 12 months. Results About 24.02% of the women who used Marvelon COC experienced side effects during 12 months. Gastrointestinal disorder, bleeding/spotting and chloasma were ranked the first three in the side effects. The rate of side effects of Marvelon COC users during the first 3 months in southern area of Jiangsu was significantly higher than that of users in northern area of Jiangsu. Most of the users did not experience obvious weight changes i.e., loss or increase in weight of more than 5 kg during 12 months. Blood pressure and biochemical indicators of almost 99% among users were within the normal range. The gross cumulative continuation rate for 12 months was 83.14%; the most common medical reason for discontinuation was gastrointestinal disorder. There was an increased risk of discontinuation use among women with lower educational level. Conclusion Marvelon COC brought fewer side effects and was well accepted when applied in Chinese rural women.