Multimodal Machine Learning Guides Low Carbon Aeration Strategies in Urban Wastewater Treatment

The potential for reducing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and energy consumption in wastewater treatment can be realized through intelligent control,with machine learning(ML)and multimodality emerging as a promising solution.Here,we introduce an ML technique based on multimodal strategies,focusing specifically on intelligent aeration control in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).The generalization of the multimodal strategy is demonstrated on eight ML models.The results demonstrate that this multimodal strategy significantly enhances model indicators for ML in environmental science and the efficiency of aeration control,exhibiting exceptional performance and interpretability.Integrating random forest with visual models achieves the highest accuracy in forecasting aeration quantity in multimodal models,with a mean absolute percentage error of 4.4%and a coefficient of determination of 0.948.Practical testing in a full-scale plant reveals that the multimodal model can reduce operation costs by 19.8%compared to traditional fuzzy control methods.The potential application of these strategies in critical water science domains is discussed.To foster accessibility and promote widespread adoption,the multimodal ML models are freely available on GitHub,thereby eliminating technical barriers and encouraging the application of artificial intelligence in urban wastewater treatment.

Assessing the dynamics of O_(2) desorption from cobalt phthalocyanine by in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy

We report here the in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy(ECSTM) study of cobalt phthalocyanine(CoPc)-catalyzed O_(2) evolution reaction(OER) and the dynamics of CoPc-O_(2) dissociation.The self-assembled CoPc monolayer is fabricated on Au(111) substrate and resolved by ECSTM in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.The OH^(-)adsorption on CoPc prior to OER is observed in ECSTM images.During OER,the generated O_(2) adsorbed on Co Pc is observed in the CoPc monolayer.Potential step experiment is employed to monitor the desorption of OER-generated O_(2) from CoPc,which results in the decreasing surface coverage of CoPc-O_(2) with time.The rate constant of O_(2) desorption is evaluated through data fitting.The insights into the dynamics of Co-O_(2) dissociation at the molecular level via in situ imaging help understand the role of Co-O_(2) in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and OER.

Research Progress in Function and Regulation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SMURF1

Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1(Smurf1)is an important homologous member of E6-AP C-terminus type E3 ubiquitin ligase.Initially,Smurf1 was reportedly involved in the negative regulation of the bone morphogenesis protein(BMP)pathway.After further research,several studies have confirmed that Smurf1 is widely involved in various biological processes,such as bone homeostasis regulation,cell migration,apoptosis,and planar cell polarity.At the same time,recent studies have provided a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Smurf1’s expression,activity,and substrate selectivity.In our review,a brief summary of recent important biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 is proposed.

Trehalose attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by inducing autophagy in smooth muscle cells

BACKGROUND Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide,which has been identified as an autophagy inducer and ex-hibits protective effect in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infraction and atherosclerosis.However,the functional role of trehalose in abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)remains undefined.METHODS To study the effect of trehalose in AAA,trehalose(1 g/kg per day)were given for 14 continuous days in a mouse model of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm.On day 14,ultrasound was performed to measure aortic diameter before the abdominal aortas were harvested and processed for further analysis.Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining and TUNEL staining were performed on paraffin sections to evaluate vascular histology and apoptosis,immunofluorescence staining and Western-blot were performed to evaluate expression of autophagy markers.RESULTS Echocardiography and in situ pictures demonstrated that trehalose attenuated infrarenal aorta dilation.Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining showed elastin degradation was improved in trehalose-treated group.Compared with vehicle-treated mice,trehalose treatment restored smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype with increasedα-SMA,Calponin and Myh11 expression.Furthermore,trehalose also attenuated cell apoptosis and leukocytes infiltration.Importantly,trehalose induced autophagy with decrease SQSTM1/p62 accumulation,increased lamp2 expression and LC3B conversion.CONCLUSION Trehalose attenuated AAA progression with decreased inflammation and restored SMC contractile phenotype by inducing autophagy.These results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of trehalose in AAA.

电催化氧还原反应的原位表征

燃料电池作为一种电化学能量转换系统,具有能量转换效率高、清洁度高等优点。氧还原反应(ORR)是燃料电池中重要的阴极反应。目前,电催化剂仍是制约燃料电池进一步商业化的关键材料之一。ORR反应催化机理的研究对于开发具有良好活性和高选择性的电催化剂具有重要价值。近年来人们通过各种先进的原位表征方法深入研究了ORR催化剂的机理和催化过程。本综述旨在总结用于原位表征技术应用于研究ORR反应机制的最新研究进展。我们首先简要介绍各种原位技术在ORR研究中的优势,包括电化学扫描隧道技术、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线吸收光谱、X射线衍和透射电子显微镜等。然后,从催化剂的角度,总结了各种原位表征技术在催化剂形貌和电子结构演变以及催化过程中反应物和中间体的识别中的应用。最后,展望讨论了该领域原位技术的未来发展。

Computational screening of doping schemes for LiTi2(PO4)3 as cathode coating materials

In all-solid-state lithium batteries,the impedance at the cathode/electrolyte interface shows close relationship with the cycle performance.Cathode coatings are helpful to reduce the impedance and increase the stability at the interface effectively.LiTi2(PO4)3(LTP),a fast ion conductor with high ionic conductivity approaching 10^(-3)S·cm^(-1),is adopted as the coating materials in this study.The crystal and electronic structures,as well as the Li^+ion migration properties are evaluated for LTP and its doped derivatives based on density functional theory(DFT)and bond valence(BV)method.Substituting part of Ti sites with element Mn,Fe,or Mg in LTP can improve the electronic conductivity of LTP while does not decrease its high ionic conductivity.In this way,the coating materials with both high ionic conductivities and electronic conductivities can be prepared for all-solid-state lithium batteries to improve the ion and electron transport properties at the interface.

Covering-Based Soft Rough Sets

Covering-based rough sets process data organized by a covering of the universe. A soft set is a parameterized family of subsets of the universe. Both theories can deal with the uncertainties of data. Soft sets have not any restrictions on the approximate description of the object,and they might form a covering of the universe. From this viewpoint,we establish a connection between these two theories. Specifically,we propose a complementary parameter for this purpose. With this parameter,the soft covering approximation space is established and the two theories are bridged. Furthermore,we study some relations between the covering and the soft covering approximation space and obtain some significant results. Finally,we define a notion of combine parameter which can help us to simplify the set of parameters and reduce the storage requirement of a soft covering approximation space.

L-Type Calcium Channel Modulates Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-Induced Excitation in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

As a noninvasive technique,ultrasound stimulation is known to modulate neuronal activity both in vitro and in vivo.The latest explanation of this phenomenon is that the acoustic wave can activate the ion channels and further impact the electrophysiological properties of targeted neurons.However,the underlying mechanism of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)-induced neuro-modulation effects is still unclear.Here,we characterize the excitatory effects of LIPUS on spontaneous activity and the intracellular Ca^(2+)homeostasis in cultured hippocampal neurons.By whole-cell patch clamp recording,we found that 15 min of 1-MHz LIPUS boosts the frequency of both spontaneous action potentials and spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents(sEPSCs)and also increases the amplitude of sEPSCs in hippocampal neurons.This phenomenon lasts for>10 min after LIPUS exposure.Together with Ca^(2+)imaging,we clarified that LIPUS increases the[Ca^(2+)]cyto level by facilitating L-type Ca^(2+)channels(LTCCs).In addition,due to the[Ca^(2+)]cyto elevation by LIPUS exposure,the Ca^(2+)-dependent CaMKII-CREB pathway can be activated within 30 min to further regulate the gene transcription and protein expression.Our work suggests that LIPUS regulates neuronal activity in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner via LTCCs.This may also explain the multi-activation effects of LIPUS beyond neurons.LIPUS stimulation potentiates spontaneous neuronal activity by increasing Ca^(2+)influx.

In-situ ECSTM investigation of H_(2)O_(2)production in cobalt–porphyrin-catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction

We report the in-situ investigation of the production of H_(2)O_(2)in 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin cobalt(Ⅱ)(Co TMPP)-catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in neutral electrolytes by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy(ECSTM)at the molecular scale.The adsorption of OOH-on active sites can be observed in STM images and is found to be correlated with the pH value of the electrolyte.The thermodynamic parameters of the formation of Co TMPP–OOHcomplex are extracted by the quantitative analysis of the STM images.Two stages of the ORR including the formation of H_(2)O_(2)and further reduction of H_(2)O_(2)at different reduction potentials can be revealed by electrochemical measurements.In-situ ECSTM experiments unambiguously identify the formation of the Co TMPP–OOH-complex as the high contrast species and its reduction and oxidation process.This work provides the direct evidence for understanding the formation and transformation process of H_(2)O_(2)at the molecular scale,which benefits the rational design of the high-efficiency electrocatalysts for ORR and H_(2)O_(2)production.

Chiral Br?nsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular[4+2]annulation of ynamides with para-quinone methides

Catalytic asymmetric transformations of ynamides have attracted considerable attention in recent years.However,most of them were limited to intramolecular reactions or required metal catalysts.Herein,a chiral Br?nsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular[4+2]annulation of ynamides with para-quinone methides(p-QMs)is disclosed,which not only represents the first metal-free protocol for catalytic asymmetric nucleophilic addition of ynamides to electrophiles,but also constitutes the first enantioselective annulation between p-QMs and alkynes.This methodology leads to the practical synthesis of biologically important chiral 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins and 4-aryl-coumarins.Preliminary control experiments indicate that the orthohydroxyphenyl substituted p-QMs could isomerize into ortho-quinone methides(o-QMs)in the presence of chiral catalyst,which further react with ynamides via enantioselective[4+2]annulation,to generate the chiral product.

Molecular Insights into the Structure-Activity Relationship in Cobalt Porphyrin Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction Reaction

We present a microscopic investigation on the structure-activity relationship of the Co-N4 site in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy(ECSTM)at the molecular scale.The cobalt porphyrins with various substituents(CoTPPX_(4),X=Cl,H,OCH_(3))that delicately regulate the electronic structure of the active site were investigatedasmodel catalysts.Electrochemical measurements evidenced that the CoTPPCl_(4)exhibits better activity,higher product selectivity for H_(2)O,and lower stability.The CoTPPX_(4)-O_(2)complex with higher contrast can be observed in the STM images and the proportion of the CoTPPCl_(4)-O_(2)is appreciably larger than that of CoTPP-O_(2)and CoTPP(OCH_(3))4-O_(2).Theoretical simulations of the model catalysts and the reaction processes of the ORR reveal the relationship between the electronic structure and the catalytic behavior of the model catalysts.The transformation of the CoTPPX_(4)-O_(2)and CoTPPX_(4)in the electrocatalytic reaction was monitored by in situ ECSTM characterization.The structure-activity relationship clarified by experimental and theoretical investigations in this work should help to guide the rational design and optimization of high-performance catalysts.

单轴拉伸对聚偏二氟乙烯薄膜压电响应性能的影响

采用溶液涂覆成膜工艺制备聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜,对其进行单轴拉伸制得不同拉伸比(R=3,5,7)的PVDF薄膜.研究了不同拉伸比对薄膜化学结构、结晶行为、铁电性能及压电响应性能的影响,实现了对PVDF结晶相的本征压电响应性能的增强.单轴拉伸使PVDF结晶度提高,同时促使其结晶相由α相向β相转变;拉伸比越大,极性β相相对含量越高,当拉伸比为7时,薄膜β相的相对含量最高达到85.12%,此时薄膜的电输出性能最佳:外加电场为200 MV/m时,其剩余极化强度为2.69μC/cm^2;应变为5%时,其平均闭路电流密度为58.92 nA/cm^2,平均开路电压为89.70 mV.

Near-infrared carbon nanodots for effective identification and inactivation of Gram-positive bacteria

An unacceptable increase in antibacterial resistance has arisen due to the abuse of multiple classes of broad-spectrum antibiotics.Therefore,it is significant to develop new antibacterial agents,especially those that can accurately identify and kill specific bacteria.Herein,we demonstrate a kind of perilla-derived carbon nanodots(CNDs),integrating intrinsic advantages of luminescence and photodynamic,providing the opportunity to accurately identify and kill specific bacteria.The CNDs have an exotic-doped andπ-conjugated core,vitalizing them near-infrared(NIR)absorption and emission properties with photoluminescence quantum yield of 21.1%;hydrophobic chains onto the surface of the CNDs make them to selectively stain Gram-positive bacteria by insertion into their membranes.Due to the strong absorption in NIR region,reactive oxygen species are in situ generated by the CNDs onto bacterial membranes under 660 nm irradiation,and 99.99%inactivation efficiency against Gram-positive bacteria within 5 min can be achieved.In vivo results demonstrate that the CNDs with photodynamic antibacterial property can eliminate the inflammation of the area affected by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),and enabling the wound to be cured quickly.

KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis by directly activating IRX9 expression in Arabidopsis

Xylan is the major plant hemicellulosic poly- saccharide in the secondary cell wall. The transcription factor KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 7 （KNAT7） regulates secondary cell wall biosynthesis, but its exact role in regulating xylan biosynthesis remains unclear. Using transactivation analyses, we demonstrate that KNAT7 activates the promoters of the xylan biosynthetic genes, IRREGULAR XYLEM 9 （IRX9）, IRX10, IRREGULAR XYLEM 14-LIKE （IRX14L）, and FRAGILE FIBER 8 （FRAS）. The knat7 T-DNA insertion mutants have thinner vessel element walls and xylary fibers, and thicker interfascicular fiber walls in inflorescence stems, relative to wild-type （WT）. KNAT7 over- expression plants exhibited opposite effects. Glycosyl linkage and sugar composition analyses revealed lower xylan levels in knat7 inflorescence stems, relative to WT; a finding supported by labeling of inflorescence walls with xylan-specific antibodies. The knat7 loss-of-function mutants had lower transcript levels of the xylan biosynthetic genes IRX9, IRX10, and FRAS, whereas KNAT7 overexpression plants had higher mRNA levels for IRX9, IRX10, IRX14L, and FRA8. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that KNAT7 binds to the IRX9 promoter. These results support the hypothesis that KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis.

Fabrication of Cu(OH)_2 Nanowires Blended Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Ultrafiltration Membranes for Oil-Water Separation

Cu（OH）2 nanowires were prepared and incorporated into poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） to fabricate Cu（OH）2-PVDF ultrafiltration（UF） membrane via immersion precipitation phase inversion process. The effect of Cu（OH）2 nanowires on the morphology of membranes was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy（AFM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） measurements. The results showed that all the Cu（OH）2-PVDF membranes had wider fingerlike pore structure and better hydrophilicity, smoother surface than pristine PVDF membrane due to the incorporation of Cu（OH）2 nanowires. In addition, water flux and bovine serum albumin（BSA） rejection were also measured to investigate the filtration performance of membranes. The results indicated that all the Cu（OH）2-PVDF membranes had high water flux, outstanding BSA rejection and excellent antifouling properties. It is worth mentioning that the optimized performance could be obtained when the Cu（OH）2 nanowires content reached 1.2 wt%. Furthermore, the membrane with 1.2 wt% Cu（OH）2 nanowires showed outstanding oil-water emulsion separation capability.