Risk factors and digital interventions for anxiety disorders in college students:Stakeholder perspectives

The worldwide prevalence of anxiety disorders among college students is high,which negatively affects countries,schools,families,and individual students to varying degrees.This paper reviews the relevant literature regarding risk factors and digital interventions for anxiety disorders among college students from the perspectives of different stakeholders.Risk factors at the national and societal levels include class differences and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.College-level risk factors include the indoor environment design of the college environment,peer relationships,student satisfaction with college culture,and school functional levels.Family-level risk factors include parenting style,family relationship,and parental level of education.Individual-level risk factors include biological factors,lifestyle,and personality.Among the intervention options for college students'anxiety disorders,in addition to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy,mindfulness-based interventions,psychological counseling,and group counseling,digital mental health interventions are increasingly popular due to their low cost,positive effect,and convenient diagnostics and treatment.To better apply digital intervention to the prevention and treatment of college students'anxiety,this paper suggests that the different stakeholders form a synergy among themselves.The nation and society should provide necessary policy guarantees,financial support,and moral and ethical supervision for the prevention and treatment of college students'anxiety disorders.Colleges should actively participate in the screening and intervention of college students'anxiety disorders.Families should increase their awareness of college students'anxiety disorders and take the initiative to study and understand various digital intervention methods.College students with anxiety disorders should actively seek psychological assistance and actively accept and participate in digital intervention projects and services.We believe that in the future,the application of methods such as big data and artificial intelligence to improve digital interventions and provide individualized treatment plans will become the primary means of preventing and treating anxiety disorders among college students.

Delivering substance use prevention interventions for adolescents in educational settings:A scoping review

Currently,a proportion of adolescents use alcohol,tobacco,and illicit drugs,which inevitably harms their health and academic progress.Adolescence is a peak period for substance use initiation and a critical time for preventing substance use problems.Various entities,such as families,schools,and communities,have implemented a variety of interventions to alleviate adolescent substance use problems,and schools play a unique role.To explore the types,characteristics,and effectiveness of substance use interventions in educational settings for adolescents,we conducted a scoping review and identified 32 studies after screening.We divided the 32 studies according to intervention type,including curriculum interventions focusing on cognitive-behavioral skill enhancement,exercise interventions,peer interventions and family-school cooperation,and electronic interventions.Except for the mixed results on electronic interventions,the results showed that the other interventions were beneficial to different extents in alleviating adolescent substance use problems.In addition,we analyzed and summarized the advantages and challenges of intervening in adolescent substance use in educational settings.Schools can use equipment and human resources to provide adolescents with various types of intervention measures,but they also face challenges such as stigmatization,ineffective coordination among multiple resources,and poor implementation effects.In the future,school-based intervention measures can fully utilize big data and artificial intelligence technology and collaborate with families and communities to intervene appropriately while paying attention to the comorbidity risks of substance use disorders and psychological health issues.

Digital interventions empowering mental health reconstruction among students after the COVID-19 pandemic

With the gradual end of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the reconstruction of students’mental health is urgently necessary.Digital interventions offer advantages such as high accessibility,anonymity,and accurate identification,which can promote the reconstruction of students’mental health through the provision of psychological support platforms,psychological assessment tools,and online mental health activities.However,we recognize that digital interventions must undergo many adjustments,and corresponding ethical norms require further clarification.It is crucial for different stakeholders to collaborate and work toward maximizing the effectiveness of digital interventions for the reconstruction of mental health after the COVID-19 pandemic.

温阳活血泄肺利水方治疗失代偿期慢性肺源性心脏病的临床研究

目的探讨温阳活血泄肺利水方治疗失代偿期慢性肺源性心脏病(CCP)患者的临床疗效。方法选取2017年3月—2018年7月于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院顺义院区就诊的CCP(失代偿期)患者74例,用随机分组表分为常规组(常规西医治疗)和干预组(常规治疗联合温阳活血泄肺利水方中药治疗),比较两组患者症状、体征、心功能、血液流变学指标变化情况及药物不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗前咳嗽咳痰、喘息、胸闷及水肿证候评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预组咳嗽咳痰、喘息、胸闷、水肿证候评评分均较常规组低(P <0.05)。干预组心功能改善总有效率高于常规组(P <0.05)。干预组治疗14 d后血浆黏度、全血黏度水平均低于常规组(P <0.05)。两组患者肝功能异常、肾功能异常、心电图异常及皮疹发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论温阳活血泄肺利水方辅助治疗失代偿期CCP患者能促进改善患者症状和体征,提高患者疗效,具有较高用药安全性。

Influencing factors,prediction and prevention of depression in college students:A literature review

The high prevalence of depression among college students has a strong negative impact on individual physical and mental health,academic development,and interpersonal communication.This paper reviewed the extant literature by identifying nonpathological factors related to college students'depression,investigating the methods of predicting depression,and exploring nonpharmaceutical interventions for college students'depression.The influencing factors of college students'depression mainly fell into four categories:biological factors,personality and psychological state,college experience,and lifestyle.The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has exacerbated the severity of depression among college students worldwide and poses grave challenges to the prevention and treatment of depression,given that the coronavirus has spread quickly with high infection rates,and the pandemic has changed the daily routines of college life.To predict and measure mental health,more advanced methods,such as machine algorithms and artificial intelligence,have emerged in recent years apart from the traditional commonly used psychological scales.Regarding nonpharmaceutical prevention measures,both general measures and professional measures for the prevention and treatment of college students'depression were examined in this study.Students who experience depressive disorders need family support and personalized interventions at college,which should also be supplemented by professional interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy and online therapy.Through this literature review,we insist that the technology of identification,prediction,and prevention of depression among college students based on big data platforms will be extensively used in the future.Higher education institutions should understand the potential risk factors related to college students'depression and make more accurate screening and prevention available with the help of advanced technologies.

Complications and outcomes of descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty with artisan aphakia intraocular lens implantation

AIM： To evaluate the complications and outcomes of descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty（DSAEK） combined with artisan aphakia intraocular lens（IOL） implantation in severely damaged eyes without capsular support.METHODS： DSAEK combined with artisan iris claw IOL implantation was performed on 29 eyes. All eyes were of abnormal structure due to complications from prior intraocular surgeries and ocular trauma. Ocular complications observed included graft dislocations, high intraocular pressure（IOP）, IOL dislocations, macular edema and hyphema. Best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, IOP and mean central endothelial cell density（ECD） were recorded.RESULTS： Thirteen eyes had a history of ocular trauma, 10 eyes had an anterior chamber IOL, 16 eyes had prior vitrectomy. The iris was abnormal in 22 cases. Graft dislocation occurred in 5（17.2%） of 29 eyes. IOL dislocation occurred in 2 eyes（6.9%）. High IOP was found in 9 eyes and was controlled with treatment. The preoperative mean BCVA was 20/286. The 6 mo postoperative mean BCVA was 20/42. The average center ECD was 1965.3 cells/mm^2 at 6 mo, and the rate of the donor cell loss was 34.7%.CONCLUSION： DSAEK combined with artisan aphakia IOL implantation is an alternative option for resolving endothelial and lens disorders in aphakic eyes without capsular support. However, it should be performed cautiously for eyes with severe iris defects.

Targeting central nervous system extracellular vesicles enhanced triiodothyronine remyelination effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

The lack of targeted and high-efficiency drug delivery to the central nervous system(CNS)nidus is the main problem in the treatment of demyelinating disease.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)possess great promise as a drug delivery vector given their advanced features.However,clinical applications are limited because of their inadequate targeting ability and the“dilution effects”after systemic administration.Neural stem cells(NSCs)supply a plentiful source of EVs on account of their extraordinary capacity for self-renewal.Here,we have developed a novel therapeutic system using EVs from modified NSCs with high expressed ligand PDGF-A(EVPs)and achieve local delivery.It has been demonstrated that EVPs greatly enhance the target capability on oligodendrocyte lineage.Moreover,EVPs are used for embedding triiodothyronine(T3),a thyroid hormone that is critical for oligodendrocyte development but has serious side effects when systemically administered.Our results demonstrated that systemic injection of EVPs+T3,versus EVPs or T3 administration individually,markedly alleviated disease development,enhanced oligodendrocyte survival,inhibited myelin damage,and promoted myelin regeneration in the lesions of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice.Taken together,our findings showed that engineered EVPs possess a remarkable CNS lesion targeting potential that offers a potent therapeutic strategy for CNS demyelinating diseases as well as neuroinflammation.

Genetic polymorphism analyses of a novel panel of 19 X-STR loci in the Chinese Uygur ethnic minority

The population genetic data and forensic parameters of 19 X-chromosome short tandem repeat （X-STR） loci in Chinese Uygur ethnic minority are presented. These loci were detected in a sample of 233 （94 males and 139 females） unrelated healthy individuals. We observed 238 alleles at the 19 X-STR loci, with the corresponding gene frequencies spanning the range from 0.0021 to 0.5644. After Bonferroni correction （P〉0.0026）, there were no signif- icant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The cumulative power of discrimination in females and males, and the probability of exclusion of the 19 X-STR loci were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 998 091,0.999 999 999 999 966, and 0.999 999 986 35, respectively. The cumulative mean exclusion chance was 0.999 999 992 849 in deficiency cases, 0.999 999 999 999 628 in normal trios, and 0.999 999 998 722 in duo cases. The high value of the forensic parameters mentioned above revealed that the novel panel of 19 loci had important values for forensic applications in the LJygur group.

Genetic distribution and forensic evaluation of multiplex autosomal short tandem repeats in the Chinese Xinjiang Mongolian group

To further enrich the genetic data of the Chinese Xinjiang Mongolian group,the genetic distribution and forensic parameters of 19 autosomal short tandem repeats(STRs)were investigated.Altogether,249 alleles were observed in these 19 STRs.The mean values of the polymorphism information content(PIC),match probability(MP),discrimination power(DP),and probability of exclusion(PE)for these 19 STRs were 0.7775,0.0699,0.9301,and 0.6085,respectively.Additionally,the cumulative DP and PE values obtained in the Mongolian group were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 995 67 and 0.999 999 992 163,respectively.

Pharmacological and pharmacodynamic evaluation of original and generic calcipotriol ointments

Objective This study is aimed to investigate the differences in pharmaceutical quality and therapeutic efficacy of calcipotriol ointments between the original product and the generics.Methods We evaluated the pharmaceutical quality of the original product and the generics including pH,content and related substance,and calcipotriol stability in the matrix.Intradermal retention of calcipotriol ointments in vitro was investigated using skin of Bama miniature pig.The pharmacodynamics study was performed in psoriasis guinea pig models.Results The matrix of original product is better than the generics,and influenced the drug diffusion,stability and in vitro retention,thus resulted in the difference in pharmacodynamics.The retention amount of calcipotriol in the original product was significantly higher than that of generic B,and approximately 4 folds higher than that of generic A.All of the three ointments improved pathological indexed in psoriasis guinea pigs,and there was a significant difference between the preparation group and the model group (P =0.001).Guinea pigs in the original group had the lowest interleukin-17 level (35.7 ± 1.13 μg/ml) and Baker Score (2.70 ± 0.97) compared with generic A (37.9 ±3.3 μg/ml,3.10 ± 0.22,respectively) and generic B (39 ± 4.6μg/ml,3.80 ± 0.57,respectively),but no statistical difference was found among the three groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Difference occurs in the internal quality between the original product and the generics.The original preparation owns suitable balance between matrix stability and transdermal ability so that showes superiority in pharmaceutical properties,intradermal retention and therapeutic effect in vitro and in vivo,which suggests that more attention should be paid to the formulation and process during the research and development of the generics.The original product is recommended with priority for treatment especially at emergency.