AIM:To understand the current situation of parental perspectives,knowledge,and practices concerning myopia prevention and control for both pre-and school-aged children.METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional survey t...AIM:To understand the current situation of parental perspectives,knowledge,and practices concerning myopia prevention and control for both pre-and school-aged children.METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional survey that involved children aged 0 to 15y and their parents.Participants were required to respond to an online questionnaire by scanning a quick response(QR)code.The questionnaire consisted of 25 tick-box questions and was open to response from December 22,2022,to January 5,2023.The dioptric traits of the children,the visual status and educational background of the parents,the parental perspectives towards myopia and its risks,and the parents’knowledge and practices related to myopia prevention and control were recorded and measured.The Chi-square test and binomial logistic regression were used for statistics.RESULTS:Totally 350 parents responded to the questionnaire.The prevalence and severity of myopia among the surveyed children exhibited a positive correlation with advancing age(P<0.001 and P=0.004,respectively).Nearly half of parents with myopic children considered myopia did not pose any health threat and could be effectively corrected(P<0.001).Parents who held master’s or doctoral degree demonstrated a better understanding of children’s vision standards for each age group(P=0.001),and 31.63% of them could undergo initial vision screening for their children during the age of 0 to 3y while parents with bachelor’s degree(34.04%)and below(32.43%)mainly initiated the vision examination for their children at the age of 4 to 6y(P=0.05).Parents with master’s or doctoral degree also exhibited more rational practices concerning outdoor time(P=0.048)and sleep time(P=0.044).No other significant discrepancy among the different educational groups in additional conceptions of myopia,such as hyperopia reserve,axis length,and corneal curvature alterations.Most parents preferred to employ conventional interventions,such as enhancing indoor lighting condition(80.00%)and ensuring appropriate reading posture and distance(71.71%).CONCLUSION:The current status of parental knowledge and practices about myopia prevention and control remains outdated and deficient.The administrative department should implement efficacious and adaptable measures to enhance parental awareness and foster their commitment towards myopia prevention and control.展开更多
Spinosyns,including spinosad and spinetoram,act on the insect central nervous system,gradually paralyzing or destroying the target insect.Spinosad resistance is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the nicoti...Spinosyns,including spinosad and spinetoram,act on the insect central nervous system,gradually paralyzing or destroying the target insect.Spinosad resistance is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)α6 subunit in a number of agricultural pests.Using gene editing,nAChRα6 has been verified as a target for spinosyns in five insect species.Recently,a point mutation(G275E)in exon 9 of nAChRα6 was identified in spinosad-resistant strains of Thrips palmi and Tuta absoluta.To date,no in vivo functional evidence has been obtained to support that this mutation is involved in spinosyn resistance in lepidopteran pests.In this study,the G275E mutation was introduced into the nAChR of Spodoptera exigua using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)gene-editing technology.Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed that this mutation was present in exon 9 of the nAChR transcripts in the edited 275E strain.The results of bioassays showed that the 275E strain was highly resistant to spinosad(230-fold)and spinetoram(792-fold)compared to the unedited background strain,directly confirming that the G275E mutation of the nAChRα6 subunit confers high levels of spinosyn resistance in S.exigua.Inheritance analysis showed that the resistance trait is autosomal and incompletely recessive.This study employs a reverse genetics approach to validate the functional role played by the G275E mutation in nAChRα6 of S.exigua in spinosyns resistance and provides another example of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to confirm the role played by candidate target site mutations in insecticide resistance.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82205196).
文摘AIM:To understand the current situation of parental perspectives,knowledge,and practices concerning myopia prevention and control for both pre-and school-aged children.METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional survey that involved children aged 0 to 15y and their parents.Participants were required to respond to an online questionnaire by scanning a quick response(QR)code.The questionnaire consisted of 25 tick-box questions and was open to response from December 22,2022,to January 5,2023.The dioptric traits of the children,the visual status and educational background of the parents,the parental perspectives towards myopia and its risks,and the parents’knowledge and practices related to myopia prevention and control were recorded and measured.The Chi-square test and binomial logistic regression were used for statistics.RESULTS:Totally 350 parents responded to the questionnaire.The prevalence and severity of myopia among the surveyed children exhibited a positive correlation with advancing age(P<0.001 and P=0.004,respectively).Nearly half of parents with myopic children considered myopia did not pose any health threat and could be effectively corrected(P<0.001).Parents who held master’s or doctoral degree demonstrated a better understanding of children’s vision standards for each age group(P=0.001),and 31.63% of them could undergo initial vision screening for their children during the age of 0 to 3y while parents with bachelor’s degree(34.04%)and below(32.43%)mainly initiated the vision examination for their children at the age of 4 to 6y(P=0.05).Parents with master’s or doctoral degree also exhibited more rational practices concerning outdoor time(P=0.048)and sleep time(P=0.044).No other significant discrepancy among the different educational groups in additional conceptions of myopia,such as hyperopia reserve,axis length,and corneal curvature alterations.Most parents preferred to employ conventional interventions,such as enhancing indoor lighting condition(80.00%)and ensuring appropriate reading posture and distance(71.71%).CONCLUSION:The current status of parental knowledge and practices about myopia prevention and control remains outdated and deficient.The administrative department should implement efficacious and adaptable measures to enhance parental awareness and foster their commitment towards myopia prevention and control.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001941 and 31972303)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M683586)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Northwest A&F University(Z1090219195).
文摘Spinosyns,including spinosad and spinetoram,act on the insect central nervous system,gradually paralyzing or destroying the target insect.Spinosad resistance is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)α6 subunit in a number of agricultural pests.Using gene editing,nAChRα6 has been verified as a target for spinosyns in five insect species.Recently,a point mutation(G275E)in exon 9 of nAChRα6 was identified in spinosad-resistant strains of Thrips palmi and Tuta absoluta.To date,no in vivo functional evidence has been obtained to support that this mutation is involved in spinosyn resistance in lepidopteran pests.In this study,the G275E mutation was introduced into the nAChR of Spodoptera exigua using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)gene-editing technology.Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed that this mutation was present in exon 9 of the nAChR transcripts in the edited 275E strain.The results of bioassays showed that the 275E strain was highly resistant to spinosad(230-fold)and spinetoram(792-fold)compared to the unedited background strain,directly confirming that the G275E mutation of the nAChRα6 subunit confers high levels of spinosyn resistance in S.exigua.Inheritance analysis showed that the resistance trait is autosomal and incompletely recessive.This study employs a reverse genetics approach to validate the functional role played by the G275E mutation in nAChRα6 of S.exigua in spinosyns resistance and provides another example of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to confirm the role played by candidate target site mutations in insecticide resistance.
