Humans can perceive our complex world through multi-sensory fusion.Under limited visual conditions,people can sense a variety of tactile signals to identify objects accurately and rapidly.However,replicating this uniq...Humans can perceive our complex world through multi-sensory fusion.Under limited visual conditions,people can sense a variety of tactile signals to identify objects accurately and rapidly.However,replicating this unique capability in robots remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a new form of ultralight multifunctional tactile nano-layered carbon aerogel sensor that provides pressure,temperature,material recognition and 3D location capabilities,which is combined with multimodal supervised learning algorithms for object recognition.The sensor exhibits human-like pressure(0.04–100 kPa)and temperature(21.5–66.2℃)detection,millisecond response times(11 ms),a pressure sensitivity of 92.22 kPa^(−1)and triboelectric durability of over 6000 cycles.The devised algorithm has universality and can accommodate a range of application scenarios.The tactile system can identify common foods in a kitchen scene with 94.63%accuracy and explore the topographic and geomorphic features of a Mars scene with 100%accuracy.This sensing approach empowers robots with versatile tactile perception to advance future society toward heightened sensing,recognition and intelligence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Activated hepatic stellate cells(aHSCs)are the major source of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the liver.Although the crosstalk between aHSCs and colorectal cancer(CRC)cells supports liver metastasis(LM),t...BACKGROUND Activated hepatic stellate cells(aHSCs)are the major source of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the liver.Although the crosstalk between aHSCs and colorectal cancer(CRC)cells supports liver metastasis(LM),the mechanisms are largely unknown.AIM To explore the role of BMI-1,a polycomb group protein family member,which is highly expressed in LM,and the interaction between aHSCs and CRC cells in promoting CRC liver metastasis(CRLM).METHODS Immunohistochemistry was carried out to examine BMI-1 expression in LM and matched liver specimens of CRC.The expression levels of BMI-1 in mouse liver during CRLM(0,7,14,21,and 28 d)were detected by Western blotting(WB)and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assay.We overexpressed BMI-1 in HSCs(LX2)by lentivirus infection and tested the molecular markers of aHSCs by WB,qPCR,and the immunofluorescence assay.CRC cells(HCT116 and DLD1)were cultured in HSC-conditioned medium(LX2 NC CM or LX2 BMI-1 CM).CM-induced CRC cell proliferation,migration,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)phenotype,and transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)/SMAD pathway changes were investigated in vitro.A mouse subcutaneous xenotransplantation tumor model was established by co-implantation of HSCs(LX2 NC or LX2 BMI-1)and CRC cells to investigate the effects of HSCs on tumor growth and the EMT phenotype in vivo.RESULTS Positive of BMI-1 expression in the liver of CRLM patients was 77.8%.The expression level of BMI-1 continued to increase during CRLM in mouse liver cells.LX2 overexpressed BMI-1 was activated,accompanied by increased expression level of alpha smooth muscle actin,fibronectin,TGF-β1,matrix metalloproteinases,and interleukin 6.CRC cells cultured in BMI-1 CM exhibited enhanced proliferation and migration ability,EMT phenotype and activation of the TGF-β/SMAD pathway.In addition,the TGF-βR inhibitor SB-505124 diminished the effect of BMI-1 CM on SMAD2/3 phosphorylation in CRC cells.Furthermore,BMI-1 overexpressed LX2 HSCs promoted tumor growth and the EMT phenotype in vivo.CONCLUSION High expression of BMI-1 in liver cells is associated with CRLM progression.BMI-1 activates HSCs to secrete factors to form a prometastatic environment in the liver,and aHSCs promote proliferation,migration,and the EMT in CRC cells partially through the TGF-β/SMAD pathway.展开更多
Recently,many researchers have concentrated on using neural networks to learn features for Distant Supervised Relation Extraction(DSRE).These approaches generally use a softmax classifier with cross-entropy loss,which...Recently,many researchers have concentrated on using neural networks to learn features for Distant Supervised Relation Extraction(DSRE).These approaches generally use a softmax classifier with cross-entropy loss,which inevitably brings the noise of artificial class NA into classification process.To address the shortcoming,the classifier with ranking loss is employed to DSRE.Uniformly randomly selecting a relation or heuristically selecting the highest score among all incorrect relations are two common methods for generating a negative class in the ranking loss function.However,the majority of the generated negative class can be easily discriminated from positive class and will contribute little towards the training.Inspired by Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs),we use a neural network as the negative class generator to assist the training of our desired model,which acts as the discriminator in GANs.Through the alternating optimization of generator and discriminator,the generator is learning to produce more and more discriminable negative classes and the discriminator has to become better as well.This framework is independent of the concrete form of generator and discriminator.In this paper,we use a two layers fully-connected neural network as the generator and the Piecewise Convolutional Neural Networks(PCNNs)as the discriminator.Experiment results show that our proposed GAN-based method is effective and performs better than state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
This paper uses CT to gain the energy directly from the high-voltage transmission line, to address the problem of power supply for monitoring system in high voltage side of transmission line. The draw-out power coil c...This paper uses CT to gain the energy directly from the high-voltage transmission line, to address the problem of power supply for monitoring system in high voltage side of transmission line. The draw-out power coil can induce voltage from the transmission line, using single-chip microcomputer to analog and output PMW wave to control the charging module, provides a stable 3.4 V DC voltage to the load, and solve the problem of easy saturating of core. The power supply based on this kind of draw-out power coil has undergone the overall testing, and it is verified-showing that it can properly work in a non-saturated status within the current range of 50 - 1000 A, and provide a stable output. The equipment also design protection circuit to improve the reliability to avid the impacts of the impulse current or short-circuit current. It effectively solves the problem of power supply for On-line Monitoring System of Transmission.展开更多
Dynamic capacity increase in high voltage electric power transmission line is currently the most economical method for solving electric power transmission bottleneck nowadays. DS18B20 temperature sensor is applied to ...Dynamic capacity increase in high voltage electric power transmission line is currently the most economical method for solving electric power transmission bottleneck nowadays. DS18B20 temperature sensor is applied to the dynamic capacity increase of high voltage transmission lines to measure the conductor temperature and ambient temperature. The paper is focused on the experiment of DS18B20 both in the laboratory and outside. From the result of the lab temperature measurement data analysis, using 4 DS18B20’s is the most suitable plan, considering both accuracy and economical efficiency. In the experiment outside, we get four groups of conductor (uncharged) temperature and four groups of ambient temperature. The data proved that DS18B20 has good stability, and small measurement error. It is suitable for measuring the temperature of conductor and ambient in dynamic capacity increase, and helpful to improve the accuracy of the calculation of capacity increasing.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate has tremendous gas storage capacity;natural gas hydrate can be used to store and transport energy. The current problem faced is how to improve the hydrate formation rate and storage capacity, and f...Natural gas hydrate has tremendous gas storage capacity;natural gas hydrate can be used to store and transport energy. The current problem faced is how to improve the hydrate formation rate and storage capacity, and form continuously. Compared to the pure water and SDBS solution, the ionic solution [HMIPS]OTs made by the team was the excellent additive and ensured the best reaction concentration range. Specific effects of different additives on hydrate formation were summarized;hydrate formation mechanism of additives was expounded. Considering the investment cost, operation cost, simple and stable operation of different surfactants, it is thought that the study of different additives mechanisms and developing the new efficient additive have the important value.展开更多
This article briefly reviewed the history of fishery resource management,especially the basic laws,concepts and basic techniques of aquatic resource management in Japan. It was concluded that the experience of managem...This article briefly reviewed the history of fishery resource management,especially the basic laws,concepts and basic techniques of aquatic resource management in Japan. It was concluded that the experience of management systems,basic methods,etc. in Japan,as a county that has earlier protected and managed aquatic resources,is worth learning by the establishment of China's aquatic resource management system.展开更多
Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnin...Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study using fluid intelligence quotient scores from the UK Biobank to explore the genetic architecture of the associations between obesity risk and fluid intelligence. Our results revealed novel common genetic loci (SH2B1, TUFM, ATP2A1, and FOXO3) underlying the association between fluid intelligence and body metabolism. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SH2B1 variation influenced fluid intelligence independently of its effects on metabolism but partially mediated its association with bilateral hippocampal volume. Consistently, selective genetic ablation of Sh2b1 in the mouse hippocampus, particularly in inhibitory neurons, but not in excitatory neurons, significantly impaired working memory, short-term novel object recognition memory, and behavioral flexibility, but not spatial learning and memory, mirroring the human intellectual performance. Single-cell genetic profiling of Sh2B1-regulated molecular pathways revealed that Sh2b1 deletion resulted in aberrantly enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling reversed the associated behavioral impairment. Our cross-species study thus provides unprecedented insight into the role of SH2B1 in fluid intelligence and has implications for understanding the genetic and neural underpinnings of lifelong mental health and well-being.展开更多
Electronic skins and flexible pressure sensors are important devices for advanced healthcare and intelligent robotics.Sensitivity is a key parameter of flexible pressure sensors.Whereas introducing surface microstruct...Electronic skins and flexible pressure sensors are important devices for advanced healthcare and intelligent robotics.Sensitivity is a key parameter of flexible pressure sensors.Whereas introducing surface microstructures in a capacitive-type sensor can significantly improve its sensitivity,the signal becomes nonlinear and the pressure response range gets much narrower,significantly limiting the applications of flexible pressure sensors.Here,we designed a pressure sensor that utilizes a nanoscale iontronic interface of an ionic gel layer and a micropillared electrode,for highly linear capacitance-to-pressure response and high sensitivity over a wide pressure range.The micropillars undergo three stages of deformation upon loading:initial contact(0-6 k Pa)and structure buckling(6-12 k Pa)that exhibit a low and nonlinear response,as well as a post-buckling stage that has a high signal linearity with high sensitivity(33.16 k Pa-1)over a broad pressure range of 12-176 k Pa.The high linearity lies in the subtle balance between the structure compression and mechanical matching of the two materials at the gel-electrode interface.Our sensor has been applied in pulse detection,plantar pressure mapping,and grasp task of an artificial limb.This work provides a physical insight in achieving linear response through the design of appropriate microstructures and selection of materials with suitable modulus in flexible pressure sensors,which are potentially useful in intelligent robots and health monitoring.展开更多
With the current limited drug therapy for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),we herein report a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy,safety,and potential neural ...With the current limited drug therapy for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),we herein report a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy,safety,and potential neural mechanism of bumetanide in children with ASD aged 3-6 years old.A total of 120 children were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to either 0.5 mg bumetanide or placebo.In the final sample,119 children received at least one dose of bumetanide(59 children) or placebo(60 children) were included in the final analysis.The primary outcome was a reduction in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS) score,and the secondary outcomes were the Clinical Global Impressions Scale(CGI)-Global Improvement(CGI-I) score at 3 months and the change from baseline to 3-month in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(ADOS).Magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) was used to measure y-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and glutamate neurotransmitter concentrations in the insular cortex(IC) before and after the treatment.As compared with the placebo,bumetanide treatment was significantly better in reducing the severity.No patient withdrew from the trial due to adverse events.The superiority of bumetanide to placebo in reducing insular GABA,measured using MRS,was demonstrated.The clinical improvement was associated with a decrease in insular GABA in the bumetanide group.In conclusion,this trial in a large group of young children with predominantly moderate and severe ASD demonstrated that bumetanide is safe and effective in improving the core symptoms of ASD.However,the clinical significance remains uncertain,and future multi-center clinical trials are required to replicate these findings and confirm the clinical significance using a variety of outcome measures.展开更多
Skin-integrated electronics,also known as electronic skin(e-skin);are rapidly developing and are gradually being adopted in biomedical fields as well as in our daily lives.E-skin capable of providing sensitive and hig...Skin-integrated electronics,also known as electronic skin(e-skin);are rapidly developing and are gradually being adopted in biomedical fields as well as in our daily lives.E-skin capable of providing sensitive and high-resolution tactile sensations and haptic feedback to the human body would open a new e-skin paradigm for closed-loop human-machine interfaces.Here,we report a class of materials and mechanical designs for the miniaturization of mechanical actuators and strategies for their integration into thin,soft e-skin for haptic interfaces.The mechanical actuators exhibit small dimensions of 5 mm diameter and 1.45 mm thickness and work in an electromagnetically driven vibrotactile mode with resonance frequency overlapping the most sensitive frequency of human skin.Nine mini actuators can be integrated simultaneously in a small area of 2 cm×2 cm to form a 3×3 haptic feedback array,which is small and compact enough to mount on a thumb tip.Furthermore,the thin,soft haptic interface exhibits good mechanical properties that work properly during stretching,bending,and twisting and therefore can conformally fit onto various parts of the human body to afford programmable tactile enhancement and Braille recognition with an accuracy rate over 85%.展开更多
Why Was the Cohort Set Up?Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a child neurodevelopmental disorder,the onset of which is generally within 3 years of age,and often leads to lifelong impaired social and cognitive functions,w...Why Was the Cohort Set Up?Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a child neurodevelopmental disorder,the onset of which is generally within 3 years of age,and often leads to lifelong impaired social and cognitive functions,which impose significant mental pressure and economic burdens on the family and society.展开更多
Manipulating materials at the nanometer scale is challenging, particularly if alignment with nanoscale electrodes is desired. Here, we describe a lithography-free, self-aligned nanotrench ablation (SANTA) technique ...Manipulating materials at the nanometer scale is challenging, particularly if alignment with nanoscale electrodes is desired. Here, we describe a lithography-free, self-aligned nanotrench ablation (SANTA) technique to create nanoscale "trenches" in a polymer like poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The nanotrenches are self-aligned with carbon nanotube (CNT) or graphene ribbon electrodes through a simple Joule heating process. Using simulations and experiments we investigated how the Joule power, ambient temperature, PMMA thickness, and substrate properties affect the spatial resolution of this technique. We achieved sub-20 nm nanotrenches, for the first time, by lowering the ambient temperature and reducing the PMMA thickness. We also demonstrated a functioning nanoscale resistive memory (RRAM) bit self- aligned with a CNT control device, achieved through the SANTA approach. This technique provides an elegant and inexpensive method to probe nanoscale devices using self-aligned electrodes, without the use of conventional alignment or lithography steps.展开更多
In the industry of production of high-density fiberboards without adhesive,applying vibration to the particle packing system before pressing and molding is an effective way to improve the uniformity of particle packin...In the industry of production of high-density fiberboards without adhesive,applying vibration to the particle packing system before pressing and molding is an effective way to improve the uniformity of particle packing and reduce porosity.In this work,physical experiments combined with numerical simulations are used to systematically investigate the packing structure behavior of wood powder particles under different vibration conditions.Macroscopic and microscopic properties such as porosity,coordination number,radial distribution function,and contacts are characterized and analyzed.The results indicate that when the vibration frequency is 72 Hz and the vibration amplitude is 1 mm,the porosity of wood powder particles closely packed is minimized.The results of the Discrete Element Method show that the distribution of the coordination number is approximately normal.As the vibration conditions change,the packing structure becomes tighter,but the main peak of the radial distribution function becomes blurred or even disappears.Vibration does not significantly change the type of contact in the packing structure.The conclusions can provide more comprehensive vibration conditions and microscopic theories for the uniform spreading of wood powder particles before pressing,ensuring that the finished panels have excellent mechanical and physical properties.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52072041)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ21007)+2 种基金the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y8540XX2D2)the Robotics Rhino-Bird Focused Research Project(No.2020-01-002)the Tencent Robotics X Laboratory.
文摘Humans can perceive our complex world through multi-sensory fusion.Under limited visual conditions,people can sense a variety of tactile signals to identify objects accurately and rapidly.However,replicating this unique capability in robots remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a new form of ultralight multifunctional tactile nano-layered carbon aerogel sensor that provides pressure,temperature,material recognition and 3D location capabilities,which is combined with multimodal supervised learning algorithms for object recognition.The sensor exhibits human-like pressure(0.04–100 kPa)and temperature(21.5–66.2℃)detection,millisecond response times(11 ms),a pressure sensitivity of 92.22 kPa^(−1)and triboelectric durability of over 6000 cycles.The devised algorithm has universality and can accommodate a range of application scenarios.The tactile system can identify common foods in a kitchen scene with 94.63%accuracy and explore the topographic and geomorphic features of a Mars scene with 100%accuracy.This sensing approach empowers robots with versatile tactile perception to advance future society toward heightened sensing,recognition and intelligence.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81472213the Health Commission of Zhejiang Province,No.2019ZD010 and No.2019ZD029+1 种基金the Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,No.LGF20H220001the Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2021ZA088.
文摘BACKGROUND Activated hepatic stellate cells(aHSCs)are the major source of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the liver.Although the crosstalk between aHSCs and colorectal cancer(CRC)cells supports liver metastasis(LM),the mechanisms are largely unknown.AIM To explore the role of BMI-1,a polycomb group protein family member,which is highly expressed in LM,and the interaction between aHSCs and CRC cells in promoting CRC liver metastasis(CRLM).METHODS Immunohistochemistry was carried out to examine BMI-1 expression in LM and matched liver specimens of CRC.The expression levels of BMI-1 in mouse liver during CRLM(0,7,14,21,and 28 d)were detected by Western blotting(WB)and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assay.We overexpressed BMI-1 in HSCs(LX2)by lentivirus infection and tested the molecular markers of aHSCs by WB,qPCR,and the immunofluorescence assay.CRC cells(HCT116 and DLD1)were cultured in HSC-conditioned medium(LX2 NC CM or LX2 BMI-1 CM).CM-induced CRC cell proliferation,migration,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)phenotype,and transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)/SMAD pathway changes were investigated in vitro.A mouse subcutaneous xenotransplantation tumor model was established by co-implantation of HSCs(LX2 NC or LX2 BMI-1)and CRC cells to investigate the effects of HSCs on tumor growth and the EMT phenotype in vivo.RESULTS Positive of BMI-1 expression in the liver of CRLM patients was 77.8%.The expression level of BMI-1 continued to increase during CRLM in mouse liver cells.LX2 overexpressed BMI-1 was activated,accompanied by increased expression level of alpha smooth muscle actin,fibronectin,TGF-β1,matrix metalloproteinases,and interleukin 6.CRC cells cultured in BMI-1 CM exhibited enhanced proliferation and migration ability,EMT phenotype and activation of the TGF-β/SMAD pathway.In addition,the TGF-βR inhibitor SB-505124 diminished the effect of BMI-1 CM on SMAD2/3 phosphorylation in CRC cells.Furthermore,BMI-1 overexpressed LX2 HSCs promoted tumor growth and the EMT phenotype in vivo.CONCLUSION High expression of BMI-1 in liver cells is associated with CRLM progression.BMI-1 activates HSCs to secrete factors to form a prometastatic environment in the liver,and aHSCs promote proliferation,migration,and the EMT in CRC cells partially through the TGF-β/SMAD pathway.
基金This research work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.61772454,6171101570,61602059)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2017JJ3334)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,China(No.16C0045)the Open Project Program of the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition(NLPR).Professor Jin Wang is the corresponding author.
文摘Recently,many researchers have concentrated on using neural networks to learn features for Distant Supervised Relation Extraction(DSRE).These approaches generally use a softmax classifier with cross-entropy loss,which inevitably brings the noise of artificial class NA into classification process.To address the shortcoming,the classifier with ranking loss is employed to DSRE.Uniformly randomly selecting a relation or heuristically selecting the highest score among all incorrect relations are two common methods for generating a negative class in the ranking loss function.However,the majority of the generated negative class can be easily discriminated from positive class and will contribute little towards the training.Inspired by Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs),we use a neural network as the negative class generator to assist the training of our desired model,which acts as the discriminator in GANs.Through the alternating optimization of generator and discriminator,the generator is learning to produce more and more discriminable negative classes and the discriminator has to become better as well.This framework is independent of the concrete form of generator and discriminator.In this paper,we use a two layers fully-connected neural network as the generator and the Piecewise Convolutional Neural Networks(PCNNs)as the discriminator.Experiment results show that our proposed GAN-based method is effective and performs better than state-of-the-art methods.
文摘This paper uses CT to gain the energy directly from the high-voltage transmission line, to address the problem of power supply for monitoring system in high voltage side of transmission line. The draw-out power coil can induce voltage from the transmission line, using single-chip microcomputer to analog and output PMW wave to control the charging module, provides a stable 3.4 V DC voltage to the load, and solve the problem of easy saturating of core. The power supply based on this kind of draw-out power coil has undergone the overall testing, and it is verified-showing that it can properly work in a non-saturated status within the current range of 50 - 1000 A, and provide a stable output. The equipment also design protection circuit to improve the reliability to avid the impacts of the impulse current or short-circuit current. It effectively solves the problem of power supply for On-line Monitoring System of Transmission.
文摘Dynamic capacity increase in high voltage electric power transmission line is currently the most economical method for solving electric power transmission bottleneck nowadays. DS18B20 temperature sensor is applied to the dynamic capacity increase of high voltage transmission lines to measure the conductor temperature and ambient temperature. The paper is focused on the experiment of DS18B20 both in the laboratory and outside. From the result of the lab temperature measurement data analysis, using 4 DS18B20’s is the most suitable plan, considering both accuracy and economical efficiency. In the experiment outside, we get four groups of conductor (uncharged) temperature and four groups of ambient temperature. The data proved that DS18B20 has good stability, and small measurement error. It is suitable for measuring the temperature of conductor and ambient in dynamic capacity increase, and helpful to improve the accuracy of the calculation of capacity increasing.
文摘Natural gas hydrate has tremendous gas storage capacity;natural gas hydrate can be used to store and transport energy. The current problem faced is how to improve the hydrate formation rate and storage capacity, and form continuously. Compared to the pure water and SDBS solution, the ionic solution [HMIPS]OTs made by the team was the excellent additive and ensured the best reaction concentration range. Specific effects of different additives on hydrate formation were summarized;hydrate formation mechanism of additives was expounded. Considering the investment cost, operation cost, simple and stable operation of different surfactants, it is thought that the study of different additives mechanisms and developing the new efficient additive have the important value.
文摘This article briefly reviewed the history of fishery resource management,especially the basic laws,concepts and basic techniques of aquatic resource management in Japan. It was concluded that the experience of management systems,basic methods,etc. in Japan,as a county that has earlier protected and managed aquatic resources,is worth learning by the establishment of China's aquatic resource management system.
基金grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFE0109700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82125032, 81930095, 32071023, 82272079, and 32200967)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y21900500, 2018SHZDZX01, 22XD1420700, 23XD142300, and 23YF1425700)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (GWV-11.1-34, 2020CXJQ01, 2018YJRC03, and 2022XD046)the Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai (SHSMU-ZDCX20211100)the Guangdong Key Project (2018B030335001)University of Sydney - Fudan University BISA Flagship Research Program. Y.Y. and T.Z. were awarded the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M700851, 2023T160117, and 2022M712125).
文摘Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study using fluid intelligence quotient scores from the UK Biobank to explore the genetic architecture of the associations between obesity risk and fluid intelligence. Our results revealed novel common genetic loci (SH2B1, TUFM, ATP2A1, and FOXO3) underlying the association between fluid intelligence and body metabolism. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SH2B1 variation influenced fluid intelligence independently of its effects on metabolism but partially mediated its association with bilateral hippocampal volume. Consistently, selective genetic ablation of Sh2b1 in the mouse hippocampus, particularly in inhibitory neurons, but not in excitatory neurons, significantly impaired working memory, short-term novel object recognition memory, and behavioral flexibility, but not spatial learning and memory, mirroring the human intellectual performance. Single-cell genetic profiling of Sh2B1-regulated molecular pathways revealed that Sh2b1 deletion resulted in aberrantly enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling reversed the associated behavioral impairment. Our cross-species study thus provides unprecedented insight into the role of SH2B1 in fluid intelligence and has implications for understanding the genetic and neural underpinnings of lifelong mental health and well-being.
基金supported by the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20170817111714314)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073138 and 51771089)+2 种基金the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2016ZT06G587)the Shenzhen Sci-Tech Fund(KYTDPT20181011104007)the Tencent Robotics X Lab Rhino-Bird Focused Research Program(JR201984)。
文摘Electronic skins and flexible pressure sensors are important devices for advanced healthcare and intelligent robotics.Sensitivity is a key parameter of flexible pressure sensors.Whereas introducing surface microstructures in a capacitive-type sensor can significantly improve its sensitivity,the signal becomes nonlinear and the pressure response range gets much narrower,significantly limiting the applications of flexible pressure sensors.Here,we designed a pressure sensor that utilizes a nanoscale iontronic interface of an ionic gel layer and a micropillared electrode,for highly linear capacitance-to-pressure response and high sensitivity over a wide pressure range.The micropillars undergo three stages of deformation upon loading:initial contact(0-6 k Pa)and structure buckling(6-12 k Pa)that exhibit a low and nonlinear response,as well as a post-buckling stage that has a high signal linearity with high sensitivity(33.16 k Pa-1)over a broad pressure range of 12-176 k Pa.The high linearity lies in the subtle balance between the structure compression and mechanical matching of the two materials at the gel-electrode interface.Our sensor has been applied in pulse detection,plantar pressure mapping,and grasp task of an artificial limb.This work provides a physical insight in achieving linear response through the design of appropriate microstructures and selection of materials with suitable modulus in flexible pressure sensors,which are potentially useful in intelligent robots and health monitoring.
基金the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(2018BR33,2017EKHWYX-02,and GWV-10.1-XK07)the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center(16CR2025B)+9 种基金the Shanghai Clinical Key Subject Construction Project(shslczdzk02902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81761128035,81930095,81873909,82001771,and 31860306)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(17XD1403200,20ZR1404900,and 19410713500)Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(2018YJRC03)the National Human Genetic Resources Sharing Service Platform(2005DKA21300)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC0910503)111 Project(B18015)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)Guangdong Key Project in‘‘Development of New Tools for Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism”(2018B030335001)the Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202001AV070010)。
文摘With the current limited drug therapy for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),we herein report a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy,safety,and potential neural mechanism of bumetanide in children with ASD aged 3-6 years old.A total of 120 children were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to either 0.5 mg bumetanide or placebo.In the final sample,119 children received at least one dose of bumetanide(59 children) or placebo(60 children) were included in the final analysis.The primary outcome was a reduction in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS) score,and the secondary outcomes were the Clinical Global Impressions Scale(CGI)-Global Improvement(CGI-I) score at 3 months and the change from baseline to 3-month in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(ADOS).Magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) was used to measure y-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and glutamate neurotransmitter concentrations in the insular cortex(IC) before and after the treatment.As compared with the placebo,bumetanide treatment was significantly better in reducing the severity.No patient withdrew from the trial due to adverse events.The superiority of bumetanide to placebo in reducing insular GABA,measured using MRS,was demonstrated.The clinical improvement was associated with a decrease in insular GABA in the bumetanide group.In conclusion,this trial in a large group of young children with predominantly moderate and severe ASD demonstrated that bumetanide is safe and effective in improving the core symptoms of ASD.However,the clinical significance remains uncertain,and future multi-center clinical trials are required to replicate these findings and confirm the clinical significance using a variety of outcome measures.
基金the City University of Hong Kong(Grant Nos.9610423,9667199,9667221,9680322)Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Grant Nos.21210820,11213721)+5 种基金Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering,Tencent Robotics X(Grant No.9231409)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant No.JCYJ20200109110201713)Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2020YFH0181)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072057)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC2007196)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT20RC⑶032).
文摘Skin-integrated electronics,also known as electronic skin(e-skin);are rapidly developing and are gradually being adopted in biomedical fields as well as in our daily lives.E-skin capable of providing sensitive and high-resolution tactile sensations and haptic feedback to the human body would open a new e-skin paradigm for closed-loop human-machine interfaces.Here,we report a class of materials and mechanical designs for the miniaturization of mechanical actuators and strategies for their integration into thin,soft e-skin for haptic interfaces.The mechanical actuators exhibit small dimensions of 5 mm diameter and 1.45 mm thickness and work in an electromagnetically driven vibrotactile mode with resonance frequency overlapping the most sensitive frequency of human skin.Nine mini actuators can be integrated simultaneously in a small area of 2 cm×2 cm to form a 3×3 haptic feedback array,which is small and compact enough to mount on a thumb tip.Furthermore,the thin,soft haptic interface exhibits good mechanical properties that work properly during stretching,bending,and twisting and therefore can conformally fit onto various parts of the human body to afford programmable tactile enhancement and Braille recognition with an accuracy rate over 85%.
基金This insight article was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82125032,81901826,81930095,81761128035,81873909,and 82001771)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality(19ZR1405600 and 20ZR1404900)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19410713500 and 2018SHZDZX01)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(GWV-10.1-XK07,2020CXJQ01,and 2018YJRC03)the Shanghai Clinical Key Subject Construction Project(shslczdzk02902)the Guangdong Key Project(2018B030335001)the China Medical Board Open Competition Program(CMB#21-418)ZJLab,and Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology.
文摘Why Was the Cohort Set Up?Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a child neurodevelopmental disorder,the onset of which is generally within 3 years of age,and often leads to lifelong impaired social and cognitive functions,which impose significant mental pressure and economic burdens on the family and society.
基金We thank Dr. Eilam Yalon and Dr. Ilya Karpov for technical support and helpful discussions. We acknowledge partial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER grant 1430530, SRC/Intel grant 2014-IN-2532, the Stanford SystemX Alliance, and the Stanford Nano- and Quantum Science and Engineering (NQSE) Postdoctoral Fellowship (F. X.).
文摘Manipulating materials at the nanometer scale is challenging, particularly if alignment with nanoscale electrodes is desired. Here, we describe a lithography-free, self-aligned nanotrench ablation (SANTA) technique to create nanoscale "trenches" in a polymer like poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The nanotrenches are self-aligned with carbon nanotube (CNT) or graphene ribbon electrodes through a simple Joule heating process. Using simulations and experiments we investigated how the Joule power, ambient temperature, PMMA thickness, and substrate properties affect the spatial resolution of this technique. We achieved sub-20 nm nanotrenches, for the first time, by lowering the ambient temperature and reducing the PMMA thickness. We also demonstrated a functioning nanoscale resistive memory (RRAM) bit self- aligned with a CNT control device, achieved through the SANTA approach. This technique provides an elegant and inexpensive method to probe nanoscale devices using self-aligned electrodes, without the use of conventional alignment or lithography steps.
基金supported by Guizhou Jingmu Building Materials Co.Projects(grant No.K22-0108-007).
文摘In the industry of production of high-density fiberboards without adhesive,applying vibration to the particle packing system before pressing and molding is an effective way to improve the uniformity of particle packing and reduce porosity.In this work,physical experiments combined with numerical simulations are used to systematically investigate the packing structure behavior of wood powder particles under different vibration conditions.Macroscopic and microscopic properties such as porosity,coordination number,radial distribution function,and contacts are characterized and analyzed.The results indicate that when the vibration frequency is 72 Hz and the vibration amplitude is 1 mm,the porosity of wood powder particles closely packed is minimized.The results of the Discrete Element Method show that the distribution of the coordination number is approximately normal.As the vibration conditions change,the packing structure becomes tighter,but the main peak of the radial distribution function becomes blurred or even disappears.Vibration does not significantly change the type of contact in the packing structure.The conclusions can provide more comprehensive vibration conditions and microscopic theories for the uniform spreading of wood powder particles before pressing,ensuring that the finished panels have excellent mechanical and physical properties.