口蹄疫病毒感染后猪PD-1及其配体转录水平变化和免疫抑制机制分析

研究猪感染口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)后程序性死亡受体-1(Programmed death-1,PD-1)及其配体(PD-L1、PD-L2),细胞因子[IL-2(Interleukin-2)、IL-10(Interleukin-10)、IFN-γ(Interferon-γ)]mRNA转录水平和外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMCs)增殖能力,探讨PD-1/PD-Ls通路在FMDV引起免疫抑制过程中的作用机制。结果表明,猪感染FMDV后3、7、14、17 d,PD-1的mRNA转录水平显著或极显著升高,感染后7 d达到峰值,之后逐渐降低;感染FMDV后3 d和7 d,PD-L1的mRNA转录水平极显著升高;感染FMDV后3 d,PD-L2的mRNA转录水平显著升高。感染FMDV后3、7 d,IL-2的mRNA转录水平显著下降;感染FMDV后1、3 d,IFN-γ的mRNA转录水平极显著下降,IL-2和IFN-γ的mRNA转录水平与PD-1及其配体mRNA转录水平变化趋势相反;感染FMDV后3、7、14 d,IL-10的mRNA转录水平显著或极显著升高,与PD-1及其配体mRNA转录水平变化趋势相同。感染FMDV后,全血中FMDV的病毒载量随着感染后时间的推进逐渐升高,感染后7 d达到峰值,与PD-1及其配体mRNA转录水平变化趋势总体上相同。感染后7 d,PBMCs的增殖能力明显降低。综上,FMDV感染猪后,总体上上调了PD-1及其配体的mRNA转录水平,是FMDV感染引起机体免疫抑制的重要致病机制。

猪瘟病毒和猪圆环病毒2型引起猪免疫抑制的研究进展

猪瘟病毒和猪圆环病毒2型主要侵害猪的免疫系统,使机体免疫力降低,给养猪业带来巨大的经济损失,目前对该病尚无有效治疗方案,疫苗免疫仍是主要的防控途径。因此,开展猪瘟病毒和猪圆环病毒2型的免疫学致病机制研究具有十分重要的意义。论文综述了猪瘟病毒和猪圆环病毒2型通过引起免疫细胞数量减少、免疫细胞和器官损伤、免疫相关因子和细胞因子表达失衡以及免疫检查点分子过表达等方面造成机体淋巴细胞衰竭和免疫抑制的相关研究进展,为猪瘟病毒和猪圆环病毒2型的科学防控提供理论依据。

分析个性化功能锻炼结合本体感觉训练改善踝关节骨折术后患者睡眠质量的效果

目的:分析在踝关节骨折术后患者护理康复中应用个性化功能锻炼结合本体感觉训练对康复和睡眠的影响。方法:选取2021年5月至2023年5月龙岩市第二医院骨科收治的踝关节骨折患者80例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组给予常规康复锻炼,观察组给予个性化功能锻炼结合本体感觉训练干预。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)比较2组患者睡眠质量的差异,采取瑞思迈多导便携式睡眠呼吸监测仪比较2组患者干预前后睡眠呼吸监测指标。结果:干预后,观察组PSQI评分显著低于对照组,观察组护理紊乱次数、氧减指数均显著低于对照组,观察组最低血氧饱和度、平均血氧饱和度显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:在踝关节骨折护理康复中应用个性化功能锻炼结合本体感觉训练可显著提高患者的睡眠质量,促进平稳睡眠,为康复奠定良好的身体基础,值得临床推广应用。

甘肃积石山M_(S)6.2地震高烈度区震害特征及机理分析

2023年12月18日甘肃积石山县发生M_(S)6.2地震,地震导致震中附近受灾严重,尤其以典型民居震害最为普遍和严重,对于研究典型民居震害机理具有警示意义。为研究典型民居的震害机理,通过震后第一时间的震害现场调查,获得典型民居破坏的第一手资料。针对破坏最为普遍的砖木房屋和砖混房屋作出宏观震害分析,并建立三维有限元数值模型,分析地震作用下两类房屋应力、应变的响应特性,揭示典型民居的地震破坏机理,并给出抗震建议。结果显示,地震作用下砖木房屋和砖混房屋主要以墙体破坏为主,在门窗部位及结构连接处均存在应力集中或应变增大现象,是造成民居震害的重要原因,加强对应力集中部位的抗震措施是减轻灾害的重要途径。研究结果对农村新建房和地震灾后重建具有指导意义。

病历书写教学模式的研究进展

病历书写教学模式包括理论和实践两个方面,学生通常更喜欢实践性教学,这就要求临床教学科室加强自身教学体系建设,加强相关科室的横向联合,利用教学课件和多媒体等多种形式,使教学工作更加生动。近年来,量化的病历书写评估,为教学质量的评价和方法的改进,提供了很好的工具。各种教学模式,如病案为基础的教学、病案为基础的教学、问题教学、标准化病人、微信平台的应用、基于导师制的教学等,均取得了很好的效果。病历书写教学模式及其研究呈现多样化。

中国企业数字化进程的典型事实——来自中国企业创新创业调查的证据

企业数字化转型是数字技术与实体经济相结合的主要方式,也是实现产业升级和培育新质生产力的明确要求。但是,目前学术界仍然缺乏对于广泛中小企业数字化转型发展水平的定量评估。本文利用北京大学企业大数据研究中心开展的中国企业创新创业调查获得的一手数据,定量描述了中国企业互联网使用、数字化管理、线上业务分工、数字化机器四项数字技术的采用情况,并使用欧美国家相似调研数据进行国际比较,进而总结当前中国企业数字化转型的典型事实。本文具有如下发现:第一,中国企业在经营活动中已经普遍采用了数字技术,但数字化进程仍然具有区域、行业差异;第二,中国企业的互联网使用和数字化管理的采用仍然落后于欧美国家,但电子商务和短视频媒体的采用处于领先地位;第三,规模越大、年龄越小、员工工资越高的企业开展数字化转型的概率越高;第四,中老年企业家由于缺乏数字技术相关知识而更难开展数字化转型。本文为中国在新发展阶段进一步加快产业数字化转型升级,特别是中小企业数字化赋能等专项行动,提供了有益的政策参考。

未来不同情景下发电企业碳排放量预估

发电企业作为发电环节的主体具备高碳排放的特征,准确预估其在不同情景下的碳排放量有助于“双碳”目标的实现。目前碳排放量的预估聚焦于国家、部门、行业尺度,鲜少涉及企业尺度的研究。以湖北能源集团为例,基于皮尔逊相关性分析识别火力发电量的影响因素,通过神经网络、决策树、支持向量机(线性核函数、多项式核函数、径向基函数、Sigmoid核函数)、装袋算法、随机森林、线性回归、逐步回归算法分别构建火力发电量预测模型,并依据多种评价指标优选模型。随后以火力发电量和碳排放强度为边界条件,通过抽水蓄能发电、水电站低成本电解水制氢储能来削减企业的火力发电量,通过碳捕捉和碳封存技术来降低企业的碳排放强度。基于削减火力发电量和降低碳排放强度设定“结构减排方案”、“技术减排方案”、“综合减排方案”,推演各情景下的碳排放量。研究结果表明:利用线性回归、逐步回归模型预估火力发电量的效果良好;2030年“结构减排方案”“技术减排方案”“综合减排方案”下碳排放量分别为1648.89万~1934.07万t、1778.07万~1820.94万t、1345.75万~1571.77万t,2050年“结构减排方案”“技术减排方案”“综合减排方案”下碳排放量分别为0~1117.79万t、615.43万~649.70万t、0~299.20万t。本文提出的研究思路和方法可为企业尺度的碳排放量预估提供参考。

JRODOS模拟核事故时核素扩散及剂量时空分布

核事故时核素扩散范围和造成的辐射剂量是核电厂事故应急措施制定的重要参考,利用JRODOS软件模拟了不同气象源和大气扩散模型对核电厂核素浓度和辐射剂量时空分布的影响。结果表明:WRF气象场情景下核素的扩散范围广,FNL气象场情景下核素浓度和有效剂量区域均值较高。不同大气扩散模型中LASAT模型模拟的有效剂量最高。这为核事故后果评价数据来源和大气扩散模型选择提供了依据。

数智化自动检测系统设计与应用

在智能制造工业4.0时代,提升产品零部件的一致性、互换性和整机的可靠性,开展数智化自动检测技术研究是必要的。基于机械制造行业推动“人机隔离、机器换人、黑灯工厂”发展,从构建智能化自动检测技术体系,设计数智化自动系统,并对智能化自动检测技术进行效能评估等多维度开展研究与应用。该自动检测系统运行,可为建设智能制造检测平台,提升产品质量稳定性,及打造“智慧工厂”等方面提供借鉴。

Main controlling factor and mechanism of gas-in-place content of the Lower Cambrian shale from different sedimentary facies in the western Hubei area, South China

The Lower Cambrian shale gas in the western Hubei area,South China has a great resource prospect,but the gas-in-place(GIP)content in different sedimentary facies varies widely,and the relevant mechanism has been not well understood.In the present study,two sets of the Lower Cambrian shale samples from the Wells YD4 and YD5 in the western Hubei area,representing the deep-water shelf facies and shallowwater platform facies,respectively,were investigated on the differences of pore types,pore structure and methane adsorption capacity between them,and the main controlling factor and mechanism of their methane adsorption capacities and GIP contents were discussed.The results show that the organic matter(OM)pores in the YD4 shale samples are dominant,while the inorganic mineral(IM)pores in the YD5 shale samples are primary,with underdeveloped OM pores.The pore specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume(PV)of the YD4 shale samples are mainly from micropores and mesopores,respectively,while those of the YD5 shale samples are mainly from micropores and macropores,respectively.The methane adsorption capacity of the YD4 shale samples is significantly higher than that of the YD5 shale samples,with a maximum absolute adsorption capacity of 3.13 cm^(3)/g and 1.31 cm^(3)/g in average,respectively.Compared with the shallow-water platform shale,the deep-water shelf shale has a higher TOC content,a better kerogen type and more developed OM pores,which is the main mechanism for its higher adsorption capacity.The GIP content models based on two samples with a similar TOC content selected respectively from the Wells YD4 and YD5 further indicate that the GIP content of the deep-water shelf shale is mainly 34 m^(3)/t within a depth range of 1000—4000 m,with shale gas exploration and development potential,while the shallow-water platform shale has normally a GIP content of<1 m^(3)/t,with little shale gas potential.Considering the geological and geochemical conditions of shale gas formation and preservation,the deep-water shelf facies is the most favorable target for the Lower Cambrian shale gas exploration and development in the western Hubei area,South China.

Investigations of methane adsorption characteristics on marine-continental transitional shales and gas storage capacity models considering pore evolution

Methane adsorption is a critical assessment of the gas storage capacity(GSC)of shales with geological conditions.Although the related research of marine shales has been well-illustrated,the methane adsorption of marine-continental transitional(MCT)shales is still ambiguous.In this study,a method of combining experimental data with analytical models was used to investigate the methane adsorption characteristics and GSC of MCT shales collected from the Qinshui Basin,China.The Ono-Kondo model was used to fit the adsorption data to obtain the adsorption parameters.Subsequently,the geological model of GSC based on pore evolution was constructed using a representative shale sample with a total organic carbon(TOC)content of 1.71%,and the effects of reservoir pressure coefficient and water saturation on GSC were explored.In experimental results,compared to the composition of the MCT shale,the pore structure dominates the methane adsorption,and meanwhile,the maturity mainly governs the pore structure.Besides,maturity in the middle-eastern region of the Qinshui Basin shows a strong positive correlation with burial depth.The two parameters,micropore pore volume and non-micropore surface area,induce a good fit for the adsorption capacity data of the shale.In simulation results,the depth,pressure coefficient,and water saturation of the shale all affect the GSC.It demonstrates a promising shale gas potential of the MCT shale in a deeper block,especially with low water saturation.Specifically,the economic feasibility of shale gas could be a major consideration for the shale with a depth of<800 m and/or water saturation>60%in the Yushe-Wuxiang area.This study provides a valuable reference for the reservoir evaluation and favorable block search of MCT shale gas.

空气中CO_(2)电辅助式光催化高选择性转化的研究

近年来,空气中CO_(2)浓度逐年升高,迫切需要一种技术将空气中低浓度CO_(2)转化为高附加值产品。研究设计了一种具有双池双界面的电辅助光催化系统,并通过聚多巴胺修饰法将Cu负载在二氧化钛纳米阵列(TNTAs)上,在催化过程中部分Cu被氧化成CuO,形成p-n结,在没有牺牲剂和碱性吸收液的条件下,通过电辅助式光催化实现了空气中CO_(2)稳定、高效、高选择性地转化为CO。在+0.8 V电位辅助下,紫外光照射8 h时CO产率达到113.7µmol/(m^(2)·h),是TNTAs[45µmol/(m^(2)·h)]的2.53倍;以8 h为一个循环,5个循环后,CO产率约为第一循环的72.4%。光催化性能的提高归因于Cu的引入增加了光谱的吸收范围,提高了对可见光的利用率,抑制了光生载流子的复合。此外,施加正电位时,电流方向与p-n结的内电场的电流方向相同,进一步促进电子的迁移,电子-空穴对得到更加有效的分离,使复合材料光催化还原CO_(2)的性能进一步提高。本研究推动了光催化技术向实际应用的发展,为碳循环提供了新的见解和支持。

Assessing the dynamics of O_(2) desorption from cobalt phthalocyanine by in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy

We report here the in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy(ECSTM) study of cobalt phthalocyanine(CoPc)-catalyzed O_(2) evolution reaction(OER) and the dynamics of CoPc-O_(2) dissociation.The self-assembled CoPc monolayer is fabricated on Au(111) substrate and resolved by ECSTM in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.The OH^(-)adsorption on CoPc prior to OER is observed in ECSTM images.During OER,the generated O_(2) adsorbed on Co Pc is observed in the CoPc monolayer.Potential step experiment is employed to monitor the desorption of OER-generated O_(2) from CoPc,which results in the decreasing surface coverage of CoPc-O_(2) with time.The rate constant of O_(2) desorption is evaluated through data fitting.The insights into the dynamics of Co-O_(2) dissociation at the molecular level via in situ imaging help understand the role of Co-O_(2) in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and OER.

Identification of the BTA8 gene reveals the contribution of natural variation to tiller angle in rice

Plant architecture is a collection of major agronomic traits that determines rice grain production,and it is mainly influenced by tillering,tiller angle,plant height and panicle morphology(Wang and Li 2006).Tiller angle is one of the critical components that determines rice plant architecture,which in turn influences grain yield mainly due to its large impact on plant density(Wang et al.2022).

东部区域核事故核素大气扩散特征研究

针对核事故核素大气环境影响,建立一种基于区域尺度天气预报模式WRF(weather research forecasting model)的核素不同尺度大气扩散特征分析方法。以东部多个核电厂为研究对象,基于再分析气象数据(final reanalysis data,FNL)驱动WRF,并结合高斯大气扩散模式研究了东部区域尺度以及核电厂周边尺度的核事故核素大气扩散分布特征。结果表明:区域尺度大气弥散因子最大值主要分布在计算区域的西部地区,并且其随距离增加呈现下降趋势,距离500 m和5000 m处二者相差约一个量级。核电厂周边尺度大气弥散因子最大值比区域尺度大气弥散因子最大值偏低一个量级;除秦山核电厂外,其他核电厂距离500 m和5000 m处的大气弥散因子最大值相差约一个量级。不同核电厂大气弥散因子最大值出现的方位受厂址气象条件影响存在显著差异;东部沿海地区比内陆大气扩散能力较强,有利于放射性核素的大气传输。

A Study on the Role of Tourism in Enhancing Personal Mental Health in the Post-Epidemic Era

With the advent of the post-epidemic era,a great wave of tourism has been ushered in everywhere.The relationship between tourism and mental health has become a hot topic in society.This paper investigates the enhancement of people’s mental health after tourism through social survey.Using Hangzhou as the sample collection site,this paper conducted a study on the role of tourism in enhancing personal mental health through descriptive analysis,factor analysis and structural equation modeling,and further specifically analyzed the role of mediating variables.The results showed that:(1)The purpose of tourism is to relax and relieve stress,and the effectiveness of tourism is mainly reflected in the alleviation of emotional conditions;(2)Factor Analysis reduced the dimensionality of personal mental health indicators,and finally obtained four factors,among which the comprehensive behavioral ability and physiological manifestation had the best improvement effect after tourism;(3)The structural equation model shows that the enhancing effect of tourism on mental health originates from the factor of inner psychological characteristic,and this factor works through two paths:Inner Psychological Characteristic-Social Adaptability-Physiological Manifestations-Enhancement of Mental Health by Tourism,and Inner Psychological Characteristic-Comprehensive Behavioral Ability-Enhancement of Mental Health by Tourism;(4)Tourism has an enhancing effect on personal mental health,and the enhancing effect is most significant among the middle-aged and young people who are unmarried and do not have children yet.These results have been reasonably analyzed and explained,and relevant suggestions are put forward.

Chronic pancreatitis:Pain and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a fibroinflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of pancreatic tissue.With the development of the disease,it may lead to exocrine and/or endocrine insufficiency.CP is one of the common diseases that cause abdominal pain,which will not get permanent spontaneous relief as the disease evolves.The American College of Gastroenterology clinical guidelines recommend computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line examination for the diagnosis of CP.CP common imaging findings include pancreatic atrophy,irregular dilatation of the pancreatic duct,calcification of pancreatic parenchyma,pancreatic duct stones,etc.In clinical practice,whether any correlations between CP-induced abdominal pain patterns(no pain/constant/intermittent pain)and corresponding imaging findings present are not well known.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively sort out and analyze the relevant information by collecting lots of literature on this field,so as to construct a cross-bridge between the clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations of CP patients.Also,it provides an imaging basis and foundation for the classification and diagnosis of abdominal pain types in clinical CP patients.

醒消丸对结节性甲状腺肿模型大鼠甲状腺细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究醒消丸对结节性甲状腺肿模型大鼠甲状腺细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:采用丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)灌胃复制结节性甲状腺肿大鼠模型。造模成功后随机分为模型组,左甲状腺素钠片组(15.0μg/kg),醒消丸高、中、低剂量组(1.2 g/kg、0.6 g/kg、0.3 g/kg),另设对照组。给予相应药物干预6周后。检测甲状腺质量、相对质量;HE染色分析甲状腺组织的病理学变化;ELISA法检测血清中促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酶(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平;TUNEL染色分析甲状腺细胞的凋亡情况;Western blotting法检测增殖相关蛋白VEGF的表达水平。结果:左甲状腺素钠片组大鼠与醒消丸高、中、低剂量组大鼠甲状腺组织滤泡肿胀和增生减少,上皮细胞排列趋于规则,甲状腺上皮细胞肿胀和间质间炎症细胞浸润情况明显改善;与模型组比较,左甲状腺素钠片组、醒消丸高剂量和醒消丸低剂量组大鼠甲状腺相对质量降低(P<0.01),左甲状腺素钠片组和醒消丸高剂量组大鼠甲状腺质量显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,左甲状腺素钠片组、醒消丸高剂量组和醒消丸中剂量组大鼠血清TSH水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),FT3水平明显升高(P<0.05),左甲状腺素钠片组及醒消丸高、中、低剂量组FT4水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,醒消丸高、中剂量组大鼠甲状腺组织细胞凋亡显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,左甲状腺素钠片组和醒消丸高、中剂量组大鼠甲状腺组织中VEGF蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:醒消丸可降低结节性甲状腺肿大鼠血清中TSH的含量,升高FT3及FT4的含量,减轻结节性甲状腺肿大鼠的甲状腺组织结构改变,抑制甲状腺细胞增殖,促进甲状腺细胞凋亡。

城市更新背景下旧小区雨污管网改造案例总结

老旧小区建设年代久远,室外排水系统存在不同程度的雨污混接、破损等问题,这一方面降低了污水收集效率,影响污水处理厂进水水量和水质,另一方面也对周边环境造成了污染。因此,对老旧小区排水管网进行合理改造,已成为黑臭水体治理、污水提质增效工作的重要环节。为探讨城市更新背景下老旧小区雨污分流改造和破损管网修复方案,以青岛市某片区20个老旧小区污水管网提质增效项目为案例,通过分析这些小区雨污水管网存在的问题,确定了改造目标和改造原则,并提出了相应改造方案。方案实施后,20个老旧小区雨污水彻底分流,有缺陷的管道也一并修复,实现了居民生活污水全收集、污水提质增效的改造目标。

氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果分析

目的:分析氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果。方法:选取2022年1—12月日照市妇幼保健院收治的支气管哮喘患儿120例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与研究组,各60例。对照组采用超声雾化吸入治疗,研究组采用氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗。比较两组症状体征消退时间、住院时间、血清炎性因子水平、血气分析指标及不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组肺部湿啰音消退时间、呼吸困难消退时间、气促消退时间及住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组SaO_(2)、PaO_(2)高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,两组PaCO_(2)低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。结论:氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果较好,可缓解患儿症状,加快恢复速度,减轻炎性反应,改善肺功能,降低不良反应发生率。