Crohn’s disease as the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction:An exploratory proposal based on basic and clinical data

Crohn’s disease(CD)is caused by immune,environmental,and genetic factors.It can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract,and although its prevalence is rapidly increasing its etiology remains unclear.Emerging biological and small-molecule drugs have advanced the treatment of CD;however,a considerable proportion of patients are non-responsive to all known drugs.To achieve a breakthrough in this field,innovations that could guide the further development of effective therapies are of utmost urgency.In this review,we first propose the innovative concept of pan-lymphatic dysfunction for the general distribution of lymphatic dysfunction in various diseases,and suggest that CD is the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction based on basic and clinical preliminary data.The supporting evidence is fully summarized,including the existence of lymphatic system dysfunction,recognition of the inside-out model,disorders of immune cells,changes in cell plasticity,partial overlap of the underlying mechanisms,and common gut-derived fatty and bile acid metabolism.Another benefit of this novel concept is that it proposes adopting the zebrafish model for studying intestinal diseases,especially CD,as this model is good at presenting and mimicking lymphatic dysfunction.More importantly,the ensuing focus on improving lymphatic function may lead to novel and promising therapeutic strategies for CD.

Palmitoylation in Crohn’s disease:Current status and future directions

S-palmitoylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications in nature;however,its importance has been overlooked for decades.Crohn’s disease(CD),a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation involving the entire gastrointestinal tract.Bowel damage and subsequent disabilities caused by CD are a growing global health issue.Well-acknowledged risk factors for CD include genetic susceptibility,environmental factors,such as a westernized lifestyle,and altered gut microbiota.However,the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder are not yet comprehensively understood.With the rapidly increasing global prevalence of CD and the evident role of S-palmitoylation in CD,as recently reported,there is a need to investigate the relationship between CD and S-palmitoylation.In this review,we summarize the concept,detection,and function of S-palmitoylation as well as its potential effects on CD,and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of CD.

Antagonizing adipose tissue-derived exosome miR-103-hepatocyte phosphatase and tensin homolog pathway alleviates autophagy in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis:A trans-cellular crosstalk

BACKGROUND Obesity plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).However,the underlining mechanism is still unclear,where adipose tissue(AT)derived exosomes may actively participate.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are commonly secreted from exosomes for cell communication.Though the regulation of miR-103 on insulin sensitivity has been reported,the specific role of AT-derived exosomes miR-103 in NASH is still vague and further investigation may provide novel therapeutic choices.AIM To determine the specific role of AT-derived exosomes miR-103 in developing NASH through various methods.METHODS The expression levels of miR-103 in the AT-derived exosomes and livers were detected and compared between NASH mice and control.The effect of miR-103 on NASH progression was also explored by antagonizing miR-103,including steatosis and inflammation degree changes.The interaction between miR-103 and the autophagy-related gene phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.The role of the interaction between miR-103 and PTEN on autophagy was verified in NASH-like cells.Finally,the effects of miR-103 from adipose-derived exosomes on NASH and autophagy were analyzed through animal experiments.RESULTS The expression of miR-103 was increased in NASH mice,compared to the control,and inhibition of miR-103 could alleviate NASH.The results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed miR-103 could interact with PTEN.MiR-103-anta decreased p-AMPKa,p-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and p62 but increased the protein levels of PTEN and LC3-II/I and the number of autophagosomes in NASH mice.Similar results were also observed in NASH-like cells,and further experiments showed PTEN silencing inhibited the effect of miR-103-anta.AT derivedexosome miR-103 aggravated NASH and increased the expressions of p-AMPKa,p-mTOR,and p62 but decreased the protein levels of PTEN and LC3-II/I and the number of autophagosomes in mice.CONCLUSION AT derived-exosome increased the levels of miR-103 in the liver,and miR-103 aggravated NASH.Mechanically,miR-103 could interact with PTEN and inhibit autophagy.

公共卫生安全事件下防疫档案四维响应体系研究——以COVID-19疫情防控工作为例

2020年初,新冠肺炎疫情在全球各地突然爆发,这场公共卫生安全事件对政府处置突发事件能力提出了极高的要求。建立疫情防控工作的档案响应机制,具有重要意义。文章借此案例构建了横跨国家机关、医疗机构、科研院所、媒体组织的疫情档案四维响应体系,并阐释了该体系中疫情档案服务政情决策、服务医情防治、服务科情研究、服务媒情宣传模块的具体响应流程。

High-fat diet aggravates colitis via mesenteric adipose tissue derived exosome metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1

BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn’s disease(CD),higher disease activity,and comparatively worse clinical outcomes.AIM To investigate the role of mesenteric adipose tissue-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of CD aggravation in obese individuals.METHODS First,we induced colitis in mice initiated on high-fat and normal diets and compared the severity of colitis.We then extracted and identified exosomes from mesenteric adipose tissue and determined the levels of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(MALAT1)in mesenteric adipose tissue-derived exosomes and the colon.Next,we demonstrated an interaction between MALAT1 and the miR-15a-5p/activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)axis.Finally,we explored the effects of mesenteric adipose tissue-derived exosomes extracted from mice fed a high-fat or normal diet on the severity of 2,4,6-trinitrobe-nzenesulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced colitis and ATF6-related endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.RESULTS High-fat diet was found to aggravate TNBS-induced colitis in mice.The expression of MALAT1 in mesenteric adipose tissue-derived exosomes of high-fat diet-fed mice increased.The increased expression of MALAT1 in colon tissue exacerbated TNBS-induced colitis and activated the ATF6 endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.This effect was partially reversed by the reduced expression of MALAT1 and overexpression of miR-15a-5p.CONCLUSION Mesenteric adipose tissue-derived exosome-encapsulated long noncoding RNAs MALAT1 targets the colon and aggravates TNBS-induced colitis in obese mice,which may potentially act on the miR-15a-5p/ATF6 axis and activate endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in rats by influencing intestinal epithelial cell regeneration, Wnt signaling, and T cell immunity

BACKGROUND Conventional Crohn’s disease(CD)treatments are supportive rather than curative and have serious side effects.Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)have been gradually applied to treat various diseases.The therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of ADSCs on CD are still not clear.AIM To investigate the effect of ADSC administration on CD and explore the potential mechanisms.METHODS Wistar rats were administered with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)to establish a rat model of CD,followed by tail injections of green fluorescent protein(GFP)-modified ADSCs.Flow cytometry,qRT-PCR,and Western blot were used to detect changes in the Wnt signaling pathway,T cell subtypes,and their related cytokines.RESULTS The isolated cells showed the characteristics of ADSCs,including spindle-shaped morphology,high expression of CD29,CD44,and CD90,low expression of CD34 and CD45,and osteogenic/adipogenic ability.ADSC therapy markedly reduced disease activity index and ameliorated colitis severity in the TNBS-induced rat model of CD.Furthermore,serum anti-sacchromyces cerevisiae antibody and panti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody levels were significantly reduced in ADSCtreated rats.Mechanistically,the GFP-ADSCs were colocalized with intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)in the CD rat model.GFP-ADSC delivery significantly antagonized TNBS-induced increased canonical Wnt pathway expression,decreased noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway expression,and increased apoptosis rates and protein level of cleaved caspase-3 in rats.In addition,ADSCs attenuated TNBS-induced abnormal inflammatory cytokine production,disturbed T cell subtypes,and their related markers in rats.CONCLUSION Successfully isolated ADSCs show therapeutic effects in CD by regulating IEC proliferation,the Wnt signaling pathway,and T cell immunity.

Transcriptomic and Physiological Analyses of Pigment Accumulation in Eucommia ulmoides‘Hongye’

Eucommia ulmoides‘Hongye’is a new ornamental variety of E.ulmoides with excellent red or purple foliage.We found that E.ulmoides‘Hongye’exhibited a gradual change from green to red colour under light conditions.However,the colouring mechanism in the leaves of E.ulmoides‘Hongye’remains unclear.In this study,we compared the pigment content and leaf colour index of E.ulmoides‘Hongye’at five stages with those of E.ulmoides‘Xiaoye’,which was used as the control variety.The transcriptome sequencing data of the first-period(H1,green)and fifth-period(H5,red)leaves were also analysed and compared.The corresponding gene regulation in anthocyanin-related metabolic pathways was then analysed.Physiological results indicated that the contents of flavonoids and anthocyanins in red leaves(H5)were significantly higher than those in green leaves(H1),whereas the chlorophyll content in red leaves(H5)was lower than that in green leaves(H1).Moreover,the carotenoid content did not significantly differ between the two varieties.A transcriptome analysis identified 4240 differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and 20 of these genes were found to be involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways.The results provide a reference for further study of the leaf colouration mechanism in E.ulmoides.

Effects of mindful breathing combined with sleep-inducing exercises in patients with insomnia

BACKGROUND Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder.It disrupts the patient’s life and work,increases the risk of various health issues,and often requires long-term intervention.The financial burden and inconvenience of treatments discourage patients from complying with them,leading to chronic insomnia.AIM To investigate the long-term home-practice effects of mindful breathing combined with a sleep-inducing exercise as adjunctive insomnia therapy.METHODS A quasi-experimental design was used in the present work,in which the patients with insomnia were included and grouped based on hospital admission:40 patients admitted between January and April 2020 were assigned to the control group,and 40 patients admitted between May and August 2020 were assigned to the treatment group.The control group received routine pharmacological and physical therapies,while the treatment group received instruction in mindful breathing and a sleep-inducing exercise in addition to the routine therapies.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item(GAD-7)scale,and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI)were utilized to assess sleepquality improvement in the patient groups before the intervention and at 1 wk,1 mo,and 3 mo postintervention.RESULTS The PSQI,GAD-7,and ISI scores before the intervention and at 1 wk postintervention were not significantly different between the groups.However,compared with the control group,the treatment group exhibited significant improvements in sleep quality,daytime functioning,negative emotions,sleep latency,sleep duration,sleep efficiency,anxiety level,and insomnia severity at 1 and 3 mo postintervention(P<0.05).The results showed that mindful breathing combined with the sleep-inducing exercise significantly improved the long-term effectiveness of insomnia treatment.At 3 mo,the PSQI scores for the treatment vs the control group were as follows:Sleep quality 0.98±0.48 vs 1.60±0.63,sleep latency 1.98±0.53 vs 2.80±0.41,sleep duration 1.53±0.60 vs 2.70±0.56,sleep efficiency 2.35±0.58 vs 1.63±0.49,sleep disturbance 1.68±0.53 vs 2.35±0.53,hypnotic medication 0.53±0.64 vs 0.93±0.80,and daytime dysfunction 1.43±0.50 vs 2.48±0.51(all P<0.05).The GAD-7 scores were 2.75±1.50 vs 7.15±2.28,and the ISI scores were 8.68±2.26 vs 3.38±1.76 for the treatment vs the control group,respectively(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION These simple,cost-effective,and easy-to-implement practices used in clinical or home settings could have profound significance for long-term insomnia treatment and merit wide adoption in clinical practice.

Persistent macular oedema following Best vitelliform macular dystrophy undergoing anti-VEGF treatment

Dear Editor,I am Dr. Tie-zhu Lin, from He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China. I write to present the case of persistent macular oedema following Best vitelliform macular dystrophy(BVMD) undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) treatment. BVMD also called Best’s disease, is a hereditary disease due to mutation in the BEST1 gene located on chromosome 11;and has vastly variable phenotypic expression.

1985—2009年金融支持对农村经济增长的影响

“三农”问题一直在世界各国普遍存在,主要表现在农村经济发展落后、农业产业结构单一、农民生活较为困难等方面。金融支持对解决“三农”问题、促进农村经济发展,增加农民收入和财富至关重要。本文在阐述金融支持农村经济发展现状及存在问题的基础上,通过选取农村金融规模、农村金融结构、农村金融效率和农村实际国内生产总值这四个指标,利用多元协整分析对1985—2009年我国对农村的金融支持力度与农村经济增长的关系进行了实证研究。得到以下结论:从长期看,金融支持促进农村经济的增长;从短期看,金融支持对农村经济增长的影响不显著。最后,提出了关于我国金融支持促进农村经济增长的政策建议。

Controlling the Reactivity of IBA-N_(3)by Switching Halogen Salts:Providing a Universal Strategy for Haloazidation of Alkenes

Although various routes have been reported for haloazidation,unavoidable problems exist,such as environmentally unfriendly monomer halogen,the need for in situ generation of unstable halogen azides(XN3),applicability to one type of haloazidation and inability to precisely control selectivity.Herein,we developed a universal strategy for haloazidation of alkenes through controlling the reactivity of IBA-N_(3) by switching halogen salts,allowing for the synthesis of a diversity of halogen azide products.Mechanistic studies have shown that by tuning the reactivity of IBA-N_(3) via switching halogen salts,different intermediates can be controllably produced to achieve regioselectivityand chemoselectivity in thehaloazidationof alkenes.

Wear-resistant CoCrNi multi-principal element alloy at cryogenic temperature

Traditional high strength engineering alloys suffer from serious surface brittleness and inferior wear performance when servicing under sliding contact at cryogenic temperature.Here,we report that the recently emerging CoCrNi multi-principal element alloy defies this trend and presents dramatically enhanced wear resistance when temperature decreases from 273 to 153 K,surpassing those of cryogenic austenitic steels.The temperature-dependent structure characteristics and deformation mechanisms influencing the cryogenic wear resistance of CoCrNi are clarified through microscopic observation and atomistic simulation.It is found that sliding-induced subsurface structures show distinct scenarios at different deformation temperatures.At cryogenic condition,significant grain refinement and a deep plastic zone give rise to an extended microstructural gradient below the surface,which can accommodate massive sliding deformation,in direct contrast to the strain localization and delamination at 273 K.Meanwhile,the temperature-dependent cryogenic deformation mechanisms(stacking fault networks and phase transformation)also provide additional strengthening and toughening of the subsurface material.These features make the CoCrNi alloy particularly wear resistant at cryogenic conditions and an excellent candidate for safety–critical applications.

Nanoscopic tribological characteristics of a cryogenically cycled Zr-based metallic glass

Optimized macroscopic tribological behavior can be anticipated in metallic glasses(MGs)by cryogenic cycling treatment(CCT),which is attributed to enhanced plasticity.However,the intrinsic friction mechanisms of MGs induced by cryogenic rejuvenation are still poorly understood.In the present study,nanoscopic wear tests were conducted on the Zr-based MGs surface with different CCT cycles using atomic force microscopy(AFM).After CCT treatment with 100 cycles,the MG displays the highest adhesion and ploughing frictions,but significantly improved anti-wear properties.Adhesion tests and molecular dynamics simulations disclose that the increased adhesion is attributed to the dominance of liquid-like regions in the CCT-treated MGs,and the impact of reduced hardness and weak elastic recovery results in the deteriorated ploughing friction.The enhanced plasticity effectively dissipates the strain from the AFM tip through multiple shear bands and weakens the adhesion during deformation,giving rise to excellent wear resistance.This study elucidates the promoting effect of CCT on the outstanding antiwear performance of MGs,and is helpful for the development of novel alloys.

KHSRP combines transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms to regulate monocytic differentiation

RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)are widely involved in the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of multiple biological processes.The transcriptional regulatory ability of RBPs was indicated by the identification of chromatin-enriched RBPs(Che-RBPs).One of these proteins,KH-type splicing regulatory protein(KHSRP),is a multifunctional RBP that has been implicated in mRNA decay,alternative splicing,and miRNA biogenesis and plays an essential role in myeloid differentiation by facilitating the maturation of miR-129.In this study,we revealed that KHSRP regulates monocytic differentiation by regulating gene transcription and RNA splicing.KHSRP-occupied specific genomic sites in promoter and enhancer regions to regulate the expression of several hematopoietic genes through transcriptional activation and bound to pre-mRNA intronic regions to modulate alternative splicing during monocytic differentiation.Of note,KHSRP had co-regulatory effects at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels on MOGOH and ADARB1.Taken together,our analyses revealed the dual DNA-and RNA-binding activities of KHSRP and have provided a paradigm to guide the analysis of other functional Che-RBPs in different biological systems.

Occurrence and impact of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in the air and soil around a municipal solid waste incinerator

To assess the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） on the environment in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators（MSWIs）, we determined the levels of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples collected around a MSWI, which is the largest in China. The International Toxicity Equivalency Quantity（I-TEQ） concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air samples were from 0.0300 to 1.03 pg I-TEQ/m^3（0.445–13.6 pg/m^3）, with an average of 0.237 pg I-TEQ/m^3, while in soil samples they ranged from 0.520 to 3.40 pg I-TEQ/g（2.41–88.7 pg/g） with an average of1.49 pg I-TEQ/g. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples were comparable to other areas, and Pe CDFs were the dominant contributors, which was different from stack gas homologue patterns. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI did not directly affect the profiles of PCDD/Fs in air and soils, so that vehicles and unidentified emission sources should be considered. The daily inhalation levels of PCDD/Fs for children（0.0110 to 0.392 pg I-TEQ/（kg·day） and adults（0.00600 to 0.221 pg I-TEQ/（kg·day） near the MSWI were lower than the tolerable daily intake of 1.00 to 4.00 pg WHO-TEQ/（kg·day）, but in winter the values were higher than in summer. These results can be used as basic data for assessing the risk of PCDD/Fs exposure in residents living around this MSWI, and more monitoring programs and studies should be carried out around MSWIs.

科尔沁沙地樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolia)人工林土壤真菌群落结构和功能特征

系统解析科尔沁沙地不同林龄樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolia)人工林土壤真菌群落结构和功能特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系,为樟子松人工林可持续经营管理提供理论依据。以科尔沁沙地幼龄林(13 a)、中龄林(22 a)、近熟林(34 a)、成熟林(41 a)和过熟林(55 a)樟子松人工林为研究对象,采用野外调查和分子生物学相结合的方法,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序和FUNGuild平台鉴定分析樟子松人工林土壤真菌群落。结果表明:(1)从科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤样品中共获得922个OTUs,隶属于14门25纲67目98科254属。子囊菌门Ascomycota和担子菌门Basidiomycota占绝对优势,优势属为美口菌属Calostoma和糙缘腺革菌属Amphinema。(2)随林龄增加,共生营养型真菌及主要功能群外生菌根真菌占比均呈先减小后增大趋势,且成熟林占比最小;腐生营养型真菌及主要功能群未定义腐生真菌占比均呈先增大后减小趋势,且成熟林占比最大;病理营养型真菌分布较为均匀。(3)随林龄增加,土壤真菌网络呈先简单后复杂趋势,近熟林最为简单,过熟林最为复杂,而成熟林次之。(4)土壤真菌群落结构主要受土壤有机质、pH、碱解氮和硝态氮的驱动,腐生营养型真菌相对丰度与土壤全磷、pH分别呈显著正、负相关性(P<0.05),腐生营养型真菌相对丰度与土壤有机质呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。林龄和土壤理化性质对科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤真菌群落构建起到关键作用。樟子松幼龄林至近熟林阶段,共生营养型真菌大量富集占据主导地位,有利于林木快速生长;成熟林和过熟林阶段,土壤真菌群落结构相似,腐生营养型真菌发挥主导作用,且真菌网络愈加复杂并趋于稳定,有利于提高林木对外部环境抵抗能力。研究结果有助于深入理解科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤真菌生态功能,并为从土壤真菌视角评价和理解林木和土壤健康提供科学依据。

Population genomics provides insights into the evolution and adaptation of tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri)in China

Physiological adaptation of tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri)to changing environmental temperature has been re-ported in detail.However,the T.belangeri origin(mainland or island),population history,and adaptation to histor-ical climate change remain largely unknown or controversial.Here,for thefirst time,we sequenced the simplified genome of 134 T.belangeri individuals from 12 populations in China and further resequenced one individual from each population.Using population genomic approaches,wefirst observed considerable genetic variation in T.be-langeri.Moreover,T.belangeri populations formed obvious genetic structure and reflected different demographic histories;they generally exhibited high genetic diversity,although the isolated populations had relatively low ge-netic diversity.The results presented in this study indicate that T.b.modesta and T.b.tonquinia were separated recently and with a similar population dynamics.Second,physical barriers rather than distance were the driving factors of divergence,and environmental heterogeneity may play an important role in genetic differentiation in T.belangeri.Moreover,our analyses highlight the role of historical global climates in the T.belangeri population dynamics and indicate that the decrease of the T.belangeri population size may be due to the low temperature.Finally,we identified the olfaction-associated adaptive genes between different altitude populations and found that olfactory-related genes of high-altitude populations were selectively eliminated.Our study provides demographic history knowledge of T.belangeri;their adaption history offers new insights into their evolution and adaptation,and provides valuable baseline information for conservation measures.

Cryogenic wear behaviors of a metastable Ti-based bulk metallic glass composite

Bulk metallic glass composites(BMGCs)are proven to be excellent candidates for cryogenic engineering applications due to their remarkable combination of strength,ductility and toughness.However,few efforts have been done to estimate their wear behaviors that are closely correlated to their practical service.Here,we report an improvement of∼48%in wear resistance for a Ti-based BMGC at the cryogenic temperature of 113 K as compared to the case at 233 K.A pronounced martensitic transformation(β-Ti→α''-Ti)was found to coordinate deformation underneath the worn surface at 233 K but was significantly suppressed at 113 K.This temperature-dependent structural evolution is clarified by artificially inducing a pre-notch by FIB cutting on aβ-Ti crystal,demonstrating a strain-dominated martensitic transformation in the BMGC.The improved wear resistance and suppressed martensitic transformation in BMGC at 113 K is associated with the increased strength and strong confinement of metallic glass on metastable crystalline phase at the cryogenic temperature.The current work clarifies the superior cryogenic wear resistance of metastable BMGCs,making them excellent candidates for safety-critical wear applications at cryogenic temperatures.

Wide-range color-tunable afterglow emission by the modulation of triplet exciton transition processes based on buckybowl structure

Buckybowl structures as non-uniform electrostatic potential distributions of poly-cyclic aromatic materials show a unique photoelectric performance.In this work,OTC was utilized for dynamic modulation of triplet exciton transition processes.Five host molecules with different functional units were selected,thus providing dif-ferent intermolecular interactions in the host/guest systems.Therefore,the delayed emissions were regulated from 536 to 624 nm via the tuning of the triplet exciton transition processes of OTC in different hosts.Experimental data and theoretical calculations revealed that the varied triplet transition behaviors resulted from the competition between the intersystem crossing(ISC)process of OTC-monomer and the reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)process of OTC-aggregates.This work proves the superior structure of buckybowl-based luminophore for controlling triplet exciton transition processes and supplies a new perspective for persistent afterglow luminophore design.

Path-Following Control of Autonomous Vehicles Considering Coupling Effects and Multi-source System Uncertainties

Path-following control is one of the key technologies of autonomous vehicles,but the complex coupling effects and system uncertainties of vehicles can degrade their control performance.Accordingly,this study proposes targeted methods to solve different types of coupling in vehicle dynamics.First,the types of coupling are figured out and different handling strategies are proposed for each type,among which the coupling caused by steering angle,unsaturated tire forces,and load transfer can be treated as uncertainties in a unified form,such that the coupling effects can be treated in a decoupling way.Then,robust control methods for both lateral and longitudinal dynamics are proposed to deal with the uncertainties in dynamic and physical parameters.In lateral control,a robust feedback-feedforward scheme is utilized in lateral control to deal with such uncertainties.In longitudinal control,a radial basis function neural network-based adaptive sliding mode controller is introduced to deal with uncertainties and disturbances.In addition,the tire saturation coupling that cannot be handled by controllers is treated by a proposed speed profile.Simulation results based on the CarSim-Simulink joint platform evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control method.The results show that compared with a well-designed robust controller,the velocity tracking performance,lateral tracking performance,and heading tracking performance improve by 55.68%,34.26%,and 52.41%,respectively,in the double-lane change maneuver,and increase by 87.79%,30.18%,and 9.68%,respectively,in the ramp maneuver.