基于双向流固耦合的风力机叶尖小翼优化设计

以WindPACT 1.5 MW风力机为研究对象,以厚度、锥度、倾斜角度为参数进行正交试验来设计叶尖小翼,并对叶片进行双向流固耦合计算。结果表明:添加小翼后叶片的振动频率下降,叶尖小翼最大拉应力为58.707 MPa,最大压应力为29.87 MPa,说明叶片材料能够达到强度要求,不会发生断裂;随着叶尖小翼的厚度、锥度和倾斜角度增加,拉应力和压应力随之增大;对于叶尖小翼的变形,倾斜角度影响最大,锥度其次,厚度影响最小;双向流固耦合可以得到比单向流固耦合更为精确的结果。

基于ABAQUS的平纹织物同面对向弯曲有限元模拟

为明晰织物结构对其弯曲性能的影响机制,对织物弯曲过程进行了有限元模拟和实验验证。以涤纶织物为例,通过VHX-5000型超景深数码显微镜观测织物,得到纱线几何参数;根据纱线实际尺寸,利用SolidWorks专业建模软件构建涤纶平纹织物的三维几何模型;基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS研究织物同面对向弯曲性能,分析纱线弹性模量、摩擦因数、泊松比等参数对弯曲实验的影响,并将有限元仿真结果与实验结果进行对比。结果表明:模拟所得抗弯力-位移曲线与实验曲线在0.01水平上呈显著相关,模拟结果与实验结果一致,证明用有限元模拟弯曲织物模型的有效性。

遗传病并不一定会遗传:遗传病概念的中文翻译与建议

从1865年孟德尔发现遗传学的基本定律到如今基因组学在医学中的广泛应用,医学遗传学取得了诸多进展,遗传病的概念也有了新的扩展。1972年,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)专家组开始使用“Genetic Disease”来定义遗传病,而国内早期的遗传学教材使用“劣性遗传”来指代遗传病,后引入“Genetic Disease”和“Inherited Disease”等术语作为遗传病的英文翻译。在早期,人们普遍认为遗传病的发生都是由祖辈遗传下来的。但近些年的研究发现,遗传病并不一定会遗传,部分疾病其实是由后代中新产生的突变所引起。这类遗传病的发生虽然和遗传因素有关,但并不是由祖辈遗传下来的,如果仍然使用“Inherited Disease”或“Hereditary Disease”来翻译是不够准确的。为进一步规范“遗传病”概念的翻译及使用,本文系统梳理了其在国内外的发展历程,探讨了不同英文翻译间的区别,以期为科学、准确地表述遗传病提供指导和建议,促进医学遗传学领域的规范交流与合作。

双重退火对TA10钛合金组织与拉伸性能的影响

对TA10钛合金进行了双重退火,即分别在840℃、860℃、880℃和900℃保温1h空冷,随后在560℃保温4 h空冷。退火后采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及拉伸试验机检测了合金的显微组织、拉伸性能和拉伸断口形貌。结果表明:当首次退火温度在两相区时,合金的微观组织由初生α相和β转变组织构成,且随着首次退火温度的升高,初生α相数量减少,β转变组织增多,次生α相体积明显增大;当首次退火温度在单相区时,合金中初生α相完全消失,组织以粗大β晶粒为主,晶界有明显的α相;随着首次退火温度的升高,合金的强度升高,塑性降低;当首次退火温度在两相区时,拉伸断口有大量等轴状韧窝,首次退火温度升高至单相区后,拉伸断口呈岩石状,并有明显的撕裂棱。

固溶时效处理对TA10钛合金组织与力学性能的影响

选取TA10钛合金棒材,对其固溶时效热处理,随后使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜研究其组织与力学性能的关系,结果表明:合金经固溶处理后,金相组织由初生α相和β转变组织组成,其中β转变组织由细小的次生α′相和残余β组成,此时组织为典型的双态组织,经时效处理后,会形成细小的次生αs相,时效温度越高αs相越细小;合金经固溶处理后,其抗拉强度为510 MPa,屈服强度为395 MPa,延伸率为23%,时效处理,使其强度增大,塑性降低,随着时效温度升高,趋势相同;仅经固溶处理后,合金的拉伸断口形貌是以等轴状的韧窝为主,断口形貌主要由韧窝构成,当合金再经时效处理后,断口微观形貌中会出现二次裂纹,当时效温度继续增大,断口微观形貌中出现明显的撕裂棱。

RNA-based NGS检测EML4-ALK融合V1亚型肺腺癌1例

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。对于肺腺癌而言,识别特定的基因突变并给予相应靶向药物可大大提高患者的生存时间。其中,间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)融合发生在3%-7%的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中。在临床中,多种检测方法可应用于判断ALK融合状态,但存在检测结果假阴性可能。本文回顾性分析1例肺腺癌患者的诊治经过,经多种检测方式判断ALK融合状态,其中,免疫组化(immunohistochemistry,IHC)(Ventana D5F3)、基于RNA的下一代测序(RNA-based next-generation sequencing,RNA-based NGS)检测证实棘皮类微管关联蛋白样4(echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4,EML4)-ALK融合阳性,而基于DNA的NGS(DNA-based NGS)检测为阴性。本文比较分析判断ALK融合的检测方法,以明确在不同临床案例中选择何种检测方式最准确、最简便,以便于指导后续治疗。

Adaptive Resource Allocation Algorithm for 5G Vehicular Cloud Communication

The current resource allocation in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication faces several challenges,such as low user utilization,unbalanced resource allocation,and extended adaptive allocation time.We propose an adaptive allocation algorithm for mobile cloud communication resources in 5G vehicular networks to address these issues.This study analyzes the components of the 5G vehicular network architecture to determine the performance of different components.It is ascertained that the communication modes in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication include in-band and out-of-band modes.Furthermore,this study analyzes the single-hop and multi-hop modes in mobile cloud communication and calculates the resource transmission rate and bandwidth in different communication modes.The study also determines the scenario of one-way and two-way vehicle lane cloud communication network connectivity,calculates the probability of vehicle network connectivity under different mobile cloud communication radii,and determines the amount of cloud communication resources required by vehicles in different lane scenarios.Based on the communication status of users in 5G vehicular networks,this study calculates the bandwidth and transmission rate of the allocated channels using Shannon’s formula.It determines the adaptive allocation of cloud communication resources,introduces an objective function to obtain the optimal solution after allocation,and completes the adaptive allocation process.The experimental results demonstrate that,with the application of the proposed method,the maximum utilization of user communication resources reaches approximately 99%.The balance coefficient curve approaches 1,and the allocation time remains under 2 s.This indicates that the proposed method has higher adaptive allocation efficiency.

Genome-wide identification of the CONSTANS-LIKE(COL)family and mechanism of fruit senescence regulation by PpCOL8 in sand pear(Pyrus pyrifolia)

Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai‘Whangkeumbae'is a sand pear fruit with excellent nutritional quality and taste.However,the industrial development of pear fruit is significantly limited by its short shelf life.Salicylic acid(SA),a well-known phytohormone,can delay fruit senescence and improve shelf life.However,the mechanism by which SA regulates CONSTANS-LIKE genes(COLs)during fruit senescence and the role of COL genes in mediating fruit senescence in sand pear are poorly understood.In this study,22 COL genes were identified in sand pear,including four COLs(Pp COL8,Pp COL9a,Pp COL9b,and Pp COL14)identified via transcriptome analysis and 18 COLs through genome-wide analysis.These COL genes were divided into three subgroups according to the structural domains of the COL protein.Pp COL8,with two B-box motifs and one CCT domain,belonged to the first subgroup.In contrast,the other three Pp COLs,Pp COL9a,Pp COL9b,and Pp COL14,with similar conserved protein domains and gene structures,were assigned to the third subgroup.The four COLs showed different expression patterns in pear tissues and were preferentially expressed at the early stage of fruit development.Moreover,the expression of Pp COL8 was inhibited by exogenous SA treatment,while SA up-regulated the expression of Pp COL9a and Pp COL9b.Interestingly,Pp COL8 interacts with Pp MADS,a MADS-box protein preferentially expressed in fruit,and SA up-regulated its expression.While the production of ethylene and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)were increased in Pp COL8-overexpression sand pear fruit,the antioxidant enzyme(POD and SOD)activity and the expression of Pp POD1 and Pp SOD1 in the sand pear fruits were down-regulated,which showed that Pp COL8 promoted sand pear fruit senescence.In contrast,the corresponding changes were the opposite in Pp MADS-overexpression sand pear fruits,suggesting that Pp MADS delayed sand pear fruit senescence.The co-transformation of Pp COL8 and Pp MADS also delayed sand pear fruit senescence.The results of this study revealed that Pp COL8 can play a key role in pear fruit senescence by interacting with Pp MADS through the SA signaling pathway.

Effect of granular shape on radial segregation in a two-dimensional drum

Granular segregation is widely observed in nature and industry.Most research has focused on segregation caused by differences in the size and density of spherical grains.However,due to the fact that grains typically have different shapes,the focus is shifting towards shape segregation.In this study,experiments are conducted by mixing cubic and spherical grains.The results indicate that spherical grains gather at the center and cubic grains are distributed around them,and the degree of segregation is low.Through experiments,a structured analysis of local regions is conducted to explain the inability to form stable segregation patterns with obviously different geometric shapes.Further,through simulations,the reasons for the central and peripheral distributions are explained by comparing velocities and the number of collisions of the grains in the flow layer.

Exploring the topographical pattern beneath the water surface: Global bathymetric volume-area-height curves(BVAH) of inland surface water bodies

Global inland surface water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs,important components of the hydrosphere and ecosphere,are increasingly affected by climate change.Generating bathymetric volume-areaheight (BVAH) curves for global inland surface water bodies can enhance our understanding of their topography and climate impacts.However,accurately quantifying the topographic patterns of these water bodies remains challenging due to the difficulties in collecting comprehensive bathymetric data.Therefore,we collected and processed over 2000 bathymetric maps of global water bodies from over 50 different data sources and then developed the BVAH model.Finally,the BVAH hydrological curves of 16671 global inland surface water bodies (larger than 10 km~2) were generated.The results include but are not limited to (1) For most targeted water bodies,area (A) and volume (V) exhibit significant power function relationships with surface heights (H),with optimal power values quantified as 1.42 for A and 2.42 for V.(2) The BVAH model outperforms GLOBathy in estimating area and volume changes,achieving higher correlation coefficients (CC) of approximately 0.962 for the area and 0.991 for volume,and demonstrating lower percentages of root mean squared errors (PRMSE) around 10.9% for the area and 4.8% for volume.(3) In the case study of the Xizang Plateau and various large global reservoirs,the BVAH curve database can capture dynamic volume changes.As a unified simulation of the bathymetric topographical patterns,our bathymetric dataset and corresponding BVAH curve database have great potential to contribute to effective water resource management and ecological conservation efforts worldwide.

热处理温度对TC18钛合金微观组织与冲击性能的影响

对TC18钛合金棒材进行不同温度的热处理后随炉冷却,使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、冲击试验机等设备分析热处理温度对合金微观组织、物相组成、冲击性能以及冲击断口微观形貌的影响。结果表明:TC18钛合金经不同温度热处理后,组织中α相尺寸大小、分布情况以及形貌均有不同程度的变化。在热处理温度升高的过程中,组织中大块状α相逐渐消失,长条状α相变得细小,并析出较多细小的针状α相。合金经不同温度热处理并炉冷后的组织中均形成α相以及β相,且随着热处理温度的升高,部分α相和β相的衍射峰强度增大,等轴状和条状α相会使裂纹扩展路径较为平顺,而针状α相与β相能够使合金在受到冲击时分散应力,避免应力集中导致脆裂。合金冲击性能随着热处理温度升高而逐渐降低,当热处理温度为835℃时,合金冲击性能最佳,其冲击吸收功为46J,冲击韧性为57J/cm^(2)。当热处理温度较低(835、855℃)时,合金的冲击断口微观形貌以大韧窝为主,且大韧窝中含有大量小韧窝;当热处理温度较高(875、895℃)时,断口韧窝尺寸变小,并有撕裂棱出现,且空洞尺寸有所增加。

Spatial network characteristics and drivers of carbon emission reduction capability in urban agglomerations:A case study of Shandong Province

Synergistic carbon emission reduction at the urban scale is an inherent requirement for China to realize its carbon emission reduction commitments and promote sustainable and regional synergistic development.Using 16 prefectural cities in Shandong Province as an example,this study defines and quantifies the regional carbon emission reduction capacity(CERC)based on the synergistic development of carbon emission reduction,environmental protection,and economic growth objectives.The spatial network characteristics of the(CERC)and its drivers were analyzed using social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure regression methods.The results revealed that the spatial correlation of the CERC among prefectural cities has been increasing over the years.Jinan−Zibo−Qingdao is the center of the network,while the spatial linkage strength in the southwest and northeast of Shandong Province is weak.Geospatial distance and scientific development differences have a significant negative effect on the intensity of spatial association,while differences in economic and informatization developments have a considerable positive impact.Environmental regulatory differences and transportation differences are not significant.This study offers a methodological reference for similar studies in other countries or regions.At the same time,the findings provide a scientific basis for the government to rationally allocate urban resources and promote regional synergistic carbon emission reduction.

Acupotomy ameliorates knee osteoarthritis-related collagen deposition and fibrosis in rabbit skeletal muscle through the TGF-β/Smad pathway

Objective:To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model.Methods: Rabbits(n=18)were randomly divided into control,KOA,and KOA+acupotomy(Apo)groups(n=6).The rabbits in the KOA and Apo groups were modeled using the modified Videman's method for 6 weeks.After modeling,the Apo group was subjected to acupotomy once a week for 3 weeks on the vastus medialis,vastus lateralis,rectus femoris,biceps femoris,and anserine bursa tendons around the knee.The behavior of all animals was recorded,rectus femoris tissue was obtained,and histomorphological changes were observed using Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad 3,Smad 7,fibrillar collagen types I(Col-I)and III(Col-III)was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results: Histological analysis revealed that acupotomy improved the microstructure and reduced the collagen volume fraction of rectus femoris,compared with the KOA group(P=.034).Acupotomy inhibited abnormal collagen deposition by modulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and mRNA,thus preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis.Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that in the Apo group,Col-I,and Col-III protein levels were significantly lower than those in the KOA group(both P<.01),same as Col-I and Col-III mRNA levels(P=.0031;P=.0046).Compared with the KOA group,the protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 were significantly reduced(both P<.01),as were the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3(P=.0007;P=.0011).Conversely,the levels of protein and mRNA of Smad 7 were significantly higher than that in the KOA group(P<.01;P=.0271).Conclusion: Acupotomy could alleviate skeletal muscle fibrosis and delay KOA progress by inhibiting collagen deposition through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in the skeletal muscle of KOA rabbits.

Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Ingredients from Gancao Qinlian Extract and Study of Its Efficacy

[Objectives]To establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Gancao Qinlian Extracts(GQE)and reveal the possible material basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of GQE by the correlation analysis between the fingerprint chromatographic peaks of different components of GQE and its anti-inflammatory activity.[Methods]Ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the different ingredients of GQE to establish its chromatographic fingerprint and analyze the differences among the three medicine components;LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells to construct an inflammatory cell model.The NO secretion of cells was detected by the Griess method.ELISA was used to detect the changes in TNF-αand IL-10 contents.RT-qPCR tested the mRNA expression levels of TNF-αand IL-10.Grey relational analysis was carried out by combining fingerprint chromatographic peak data and anti-inflammatory activity data.[Results]The GQE fingerprint was established,34 fingerprint characteristic peaks were calibrated,and 33 related chromatographic peaks were screened out.The corresponding chromatographic peaks in the three components were obtained,and the content of the components was calculated;the anti-inflammatory results showed that the content of NO,TNF-α,and the expression of TNF-αmRNA in the high and medium-dose groups of GQE were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01).The NO content and TNF-αmRNA expression in the high-dose group of GQE I was considerably lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01).The secretion of NO,TNF-α,and the expression of TNF-αmRNA in the high,medium,and low dose groups of GQE II were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01);the results of grey relational analysis showed that the correlation degree of the three components was GQE II>GQE>GQE I,and the characteristic fingerprint peaks 12,15,22,23,28,31,33 may be closely related to the anti-inflammatory effect.[Conclusions]The best component of the anti-inflammatory effect in GQE is water-soluble component,and its main components are flavonoids and alkaloids.These components can alleviate cellular inflammatory damage by inhibiting the excessive secretion of NO and reducing the expression of TNF-αmRNA.

TA2轧制板材的组织与拉伸性能研究

对电子束(EB)炉熔炼扁锭轧制TA2板材进行退火处理、拉伸性能测试以及断口微观形貌观察,研究板材经不同退火温度处理后的组织和拉伸性能关系。结果表明:板材经不同温度退火处理后,金相组织有一定变化,随着退火温度的不断升高,组织中的晶粒逐渐开始等轴化,并且不断长大。板材的强度与塑性呈现相反趋势,其中强度随着退火温度的升高而先降低再升高,塑性随着退火温度的升高而先升高再降低。经不同退火温度处理后的板材拉伸断口微观形貌大体一致,均为大量等轴韧窝。

基于LBP特征的公路气象状态快速分类方法

由于点云偏振存在特征信号离散化现象,造成分类误差较大的问题,因此提出基于LBP特征的公路气象状态快速分类方法。根据矩阵填充方法对存在缺失的偏振参量数据进行重构,获取图像多尺度信息。利用多尺度LBP获取蕴含图像纹理的空间结构,强化图像表征能力。使用点状分布的多普勒气象雷达筛选公路气象状态回波强度,获取公路气象状态雷达的极坐标扫描结果。使用贝叶斯网络分类器计算最大后验概率,划分气象状态类别取值范围,完成气象状态快速分类。由实验结果可知,该方法分类误差低于0.30,可以实现精准分类。

机场雷暴监测预警方法设计

为实现机场雷暴的精准检测,设计一种基于大气电场的机场雷暴监测预警方法。通过大气电场仪采集电场大数据,并实施缺失数据填补、干扰数据去噪处理。利用经验模态分解法分解大气电场数据,实现大气电场数据的频率分布和幅值分布特征提取。基于多元回归模型构建预测模型,以特征为输入,预测未来一段时间内的雷暴强度值。参考雷暴强度等级划分表,实现不同程度的机场雷暴监测预警。结果表明:雷暴强度预测结果与实际结果之间的可决系数均在0.9以上,比较接近1,说明雷暴强度预测结果与实际情况较为接近,证明所研究方法的监测预警效果较好。

电厂球磨机智能补球装置设计

为了提升球磨机补球的安全性和工作效率,文章设计了一个球磨机智能补球装置.该装置采用自动化、智能化、无人化、精准化的操作方式,不仅极大降低了补球的风险,还能够提高补球的效率和准确性.具体而言,本设计能够对球磨机的钢球进行定时、定量、持续均匀、精准补加,实现了精准添加和精准统计.相比传统的手工补球方式,这种智能化的装置不仅解放了人力,而且过程更加高效稳定,能够在保证生产质量的同时提高生产效率.因此,本设计为球磨机的补球操作带来了极大的便利和优势,具有广泛的应用前景和推广价值.

锻造工艺对Ti-6Al-4V合金大规格方坯组织与性能的影响

制定了3种Ti-6Al-4V合金大规格方坯锻造工艺,通过Simufact仿真软件对工艺参数进行优化,在万吨液压机上进行全流程控制锻造,制备出规格为245 mm×480 mm×3 700 mm的大规格方坯。对方坯的力学性能和显微组织进行表征,分析锻造工艺对大规格方坯组织与性能的影响。结果表明,3种工艺锻制的Ti-6Al-4V合金大规格方坯显微组织均为等轴组织,初生α相含量约占80%。工艺A和工艺B制得的方坯组织细小,均匀性好,超声波杂波水平低。工艺C锻制的方坯晶粒粗大,组织不均匀,心部存在长条及大块状α相。工艺A、B锻制的方坯有较好的强度和塑性匹配,工艺C锻制的方坯强度虽较高,但塑性相对较低。从组织均匀性、力学性能及杂波水平综合考虑,工艺A为最优锻造方案。

大规格纯钛细晶棒材的锻造工艺

研究了加热温度对Gr.2纯钛晶粒度的影响,并据此制定了4种锻造工艺,利用3150吨水压机锻造生产出直径为&#x03D5;250 mm的Gr.2大规格棒材。棒材经650℃退火1 h空冷后,按照ASTM E112标准要求进行晶粒度和组织均匀性分析,并对其力学性能进行测试。结果表明:随着加热温度的升高,Gr.2纯钛晶粒逐渐长大;当加热温度超过800℃时,晶粒尺寸显著增大,棒材成品锻造优选在700～800℃区间加热为佳;随着变形量的增加,棒材晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,变形量对晶粒细化的贡献作用较显著;当变形量增加到一定值时,其对晶粒尺寸的影响趋势变缓,此时适当降低锻造温度,可进一步细化晶粒,使大规格纯钛棒材的平均晶粒尺寸小于63.5μm,满足ASTM E112中晶粒度5级的要求;随着晶粒尺寸的减小,棒材的强度略有增加,而塑性差别不大。