Effect of negative mood,serum inflammatory factors,miR-155,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BACKGROUND Abdominal postoperative patients are susceptible to postoperative depression resulting from pain and stress,which can hinder their rehabilitation.Acupuncture has shown potential to relieve this condition.AIM To analyze the mechanism by which acupuncture relieves postoperative depression in patients post-abdominal surgery.METHODS Abdominal postoperative patients with depression between January 2015 and December 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine were enrolled.Patients were divided into two groups using the random throwing method:Observation(250 cases,fluoxetine hydrochloride+acupuncture treatment)and control(250 cases,fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment).Changes in negative emotions Hamilton Depression Scale 24,serum inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6],miR-155 expression levels,and BDNF levels were assessed.RESULTS Significant improvements were observed in the observation group compared to the control group in all assessed parameters after six weeks(P<0.05).This suggests that the combination of fluoxetine hydrochloride and acupuncture may be more effective in managing postoperative depression than medication alone.CONCLUSION Acupuncture complies with the principle of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and ensures the pertinence and effectiveness of treatment.In addition,it not only actively improves depressive symptoms but also effectively regulates the serum level of inflammatory factors.

新媒体在文旅品牌营销中的应用研究

随着互联网和移动设备的普及,新媒体已成为吸引用户注意力、提升品牌知名度和推动销售增长的强有力工具,在文旅品牌营销中扮演着重要角色。文章以实际项目为研究基础,充分探讨了新媒体在文旅品牌营销中的优势与不足,以期形成一套可复制与推广的营销经验与模式。研究目的是探讨新媒体在文旅品牌营销中的应用,重点关注其UGC式社交化、个性化定制和超时空传播性的特点,文旅品牌营销模式和应用方式。本研究采用文献综述和案例分析法,通过深入研究分析相关文献和“抖出正能量”真实案例,得出新媒体在文旅品牌营销中的应用模式和特点,及对品牌传播和营销效果的影响。研究结果表明,新媒体在文旅品牌营销中的应用模式多样,包括打造“文旅+”新媒体矩阵、深耕内容创新表达和积极培育网红等。其中,“文旅+”新媒体矩阵可以最大化挖掘平台流量,深耕内容创新表达能引爆网络,培育网红可提升沉浸式体验。此外,研究还发现新媒体营销存在的局限性,如信息过载和内容同质化等问题。本研究能为文旅行业提供新媒体营销的理论指导和实践建议,促进行业可持续发展。

激光焊接及焊后热处理K439B合金的显微组织与力学性能

对应用于发动机涡轮上的新型镍基合金K439B进行激光焊接实验,研究焊后热处理对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。半定量分析结果表明,热处理后接头各区域γ′相均发生长大,一次γ′相和二次γ′相半径分别约为25和150 nm。力学性能测试结果表明,焊后热处理可使焊缝区硬度提高约HV 100,由γ′相提供的临界恢复剪应力从4.8 MPa提高到92 MPa;另一方面,热处理后接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度与母材的相当,大量碳化物的存在导致接头在拉伸过程中优先断裂于母材处。

Bioinspired Multifunctional Self-Sensing Actuated Gradient Hydrogel for Soft-Hard Robot Remote Interaction

The development of bioinspired gradient hydrogels with self-sensing actuated capabilities for remote interaction with soft-hard robots remains a challenging endeavor. Here, we propose a novel multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel that combines ultrafast actuation and high sensitivity for remote interaction with robotic hand. The gradient network structure, achieved through a wettability difference method involving the rapid precipitation of MoO_(2) nanosheets, introduces hydrophilic disparities between two sides within hydrogel. This distinctive approach bestows the hydrogel with ultrafast thermo-responsive actuation(21° s^(-1)) and enhanced photothermal efficiency(increase by 3.7 ℃ s^(-1) under 808 nm near-infrared). Moreover, the local cross-linking of sodium alginate with Ca^(2+) endows the hydrogel with programmable deformability and information display capabilities. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibits high sensitivity(gauge factor 3.94 within a wide strain range of 600%), fast response times(140 ms) and good cycling stability. Leveraging these exceptional properties, we incorporate the hydrogel into various soft actuators, including soft gripper, artificial iris, and bioinspired jellyfish, as well as wearable electronics capable of precise human motion and physiological signal detection. Furthermore, through the synergistic combination of remarkable actuation and sensitivity, we realize a self-sensing touch bioinspired tongue. Notably, by employing quantitative analysis of actuation-sensing, we realize remote interaction between soft-hard robot via the Internet of Things. The multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel presented in this study provides a new insight for advanced somatosensory materials, self-feedback intelligent soft robots and human–machine interactions.

Recent research progress in the mechanism and suppression of fusion welding-induced liquation cracking of nickel based superalloys

Nickel-based superalloys are extensively used in the crucial hot-section components of industrial gas turbines,aeronautics,and astronautics because of their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at high temperatures.Fusion welding serves as an effective means for joining and repairing these alloys;however,fusion welding-induced liquation cracking has been a challenging issue.This paper comprehensively reviewed recent liquation cracking,discussing the formation mechanisms,cracking criteria,and remedies.In recent investigations,regulating material composition,changing the preweld heat treatment of the base metal,optimizing the welding process parameters,and applying auxiliary control methods are effective strategies for mitigating cracks.To promote the application of nickel-based superalloys,further research on the combination impact of multiple elements on cracking prevention and specific quantitative criteria for liquation cracking is necessary.

铜氢催化不饱和烃与醛、酮的亲核加成反应

金属有机试剂(如:有机锂试剂、格氏试剂、有机铜试剂及有机铝试剂)对醛、酮的加成反应是有机化学中的重要反应,也是最经典的构建C―C键的方法之一。然而上述金属有机试剂存在官能团兼容性较差、对水和空气敏感及不易存储等缺陷,不可避免地限制了其广泛应用。近年来,利用稳定、易得的不饱和烃为原料替代金属有机试剂参与各种化学转化受到了人们高度关注。本文主要介绍在铜氢催化条件下,通过把不饱和烃现场转化为催化量有机铜中间体替代传统化学计量金属有机试剂的策略,实现其对醛、酮的加成反应,从而避免了传统方法的缺点。对于上述反应的介绍,能够丰富和拓展基础教学过程中亲核加成知识点的内容,开阔学生的视野与思维,有利于学生了解学科前沿领域的发展现状,激发学生的兴趣。

北京2022年冬奥会六足冰壶机器人机构设计与运动规划

When a curling rock slides on an ice sheet with an initial rotation,a lateral movement occurs,which is known as the curling phenomenon.The force of friction between the curling rock and the ice sheet changes continually with changes in the environment;thus,the sport of curling requires great skill and experience.The throwing of the curling rock is a great challenge in robot design and control,and existing curling robots usually adopt a combination scheme of a wheel chassis and gripper that differs significantly from human throwing movements.A hexapod curling robot that imitates human kicking,sliding,pushing,and curling rock rotating was designed and manufactured by our group,and completed a perfect show during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics Games.Smooth switching between the walking and throwing tasks is realized by the robot’s morphology transformation based on leg configuration switching.The robot’s controlling parameters,which include the kicking velocity v_(k),pushing velocity v_(p),orientation angle θc,and rotation velocityω,are determined by aiming and sliding models according to the estimated equivalent friction coefficientμ_(equ)and ratio e of the front and back frictions.The stable errors between the target and actual stopping points converge to 0.2 and 1.105 m in the simulations and experiments,respectively,and the error shown in the experiments is close to that of a well-trained wheelchair curling athlete.This robot holds promise for helping ice-makers rectify ice sheet friction or assisting in athlete training.

Electromagnetic wave absorption performance of Fe_(3)O_(4)/activated carbon-natural resin nanocomposite

There has recently been a fundamental need to develop high efficiency microwave absorbers to reduce electro-magnet-ic pollution.It is often very difficult to obtain superior absorption with only one material,so we have explored composites using fillers of activated carbon derived from biological material(oleaster seeds)and resin(apricot tree gum)with Fe_(3)O_(4) in a paraffin wax matrix to improve the dielectric properties and achieve a high specific surface area.A 1 mm thick layer of a Fe_(3)O_(4)+resin(FEOR),with the magnetic nanoparticles anchored to the gum,resulted in a reflection loss of−71.09 dB.We compared this with the results for composites using a filler of Fe_(3)O_(4)+activated carbon,and one with a three-component filler of Fe_(3)O_(4)+activated carbon+resin which had a very porous structure that had a direct effect on the surface polarization.However,the FEOR sample had near-ideal im-pedance matching,close to 1,which resulted in high absorption performance.In addition,the presence of defects improves mi-crowave attenuation by dipole polarization and charge carrier trapping.This work suggests the use of new types of biomaterials to in-crease microwave absorption.

Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Phlomoides(Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae)in China:Insights from molecular and morphological data

Phlomoides,with 150-170 species,is the second largest and perhaps most taxonomically challenging genus within the subfamily Lamioideae(Lamiaceae).With about 60 species,China is one of three major biodiversity centers of Phlomoides.Although some Phlomoides species from China have been included in previous molecular phylogenetic studies,a robust and broad phylogeny of this lineage has yet to be completed.Moreover,given the myriad new additions to the genus,the existing infrageneric classification needs to be evaluated and revised.Here,we combine molecular and morphological data to investigate relationships within Phlomoides,with a focus on Chinese species.We observed that plastid DNA sequences can resolve relationships within Phlomoides better than nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions(nrITS and nrETS).Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of Phlomoides,but most previously defined infrageneric groups are not monophyletic.In addition,morphological analysis demonstrates the significant taxonomic value of eight characters to the genus.Based on our molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological data,we establish a novel section Notochaete within Phlomoides,and propose three new combinations as well as three new synonyms.This study presents the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of Phlomoides in which taxa representative of the entire genus are included,and highlights the phylogenetic and taxonomic value of several morphological characters from species of Phlomoides from China.Our study suggests that a taxonomic revision and reclassification for the entire genus is necessary in the future.

Smart Gait:A Gait Optimization Framework for Hexapod Robots

The current gait planning for legged robots is mostly based on human presets,which cannot match the flexible characteristics of natural mammals.This paper proposes a gait optimization framework for hexapod robots called Smart Gait.Smart Gait contains three modules:swing leg trajectory optimization,gait period&duty optimization,and gait sequence optimization.The full dynamics of a single leg,and the centroid dynamics of the overall robot are considered in the respective modules.The Smart Gait not only helps the robot to decrease the energy consumption when in locomotion,mostly,it enables the hexapod robot to determine its gait pattern transitions based on its current state,instead of repeating the formalistic clock-set step cycles.Our Smart Gait framework allows the hexapod robot to behave nimbly as a living animal when in 3D movements for the first time.The Smart Gait framework combines offline and online optimizations without any fussy data-driven training procedures,and it can run efficiently on board in real-time after deployment.Various experiments are carried out on the hexapod robot LittleStrong.The results show that the energy consumption is reduced by 15.9%when in locomotion.Adaptive gait patterns can be generated spontaneously both in regular and challenge environments,and when facing external interferences.

Camellia sinensis CsMYB4a participates in regulation of stamen growth by interaction with auxin signaling transduction repressor CsAUX/IAA4

Subgroup 4(Sg4)members of the R2R3-MYB are generally known as negative regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants.Our previous research showed that a R2R3-MYB Sg4 member from Camellia sinensis(CsMYB4a)inhibits expression of some genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway,but its physiological function in the tea plant remained unknown.Here,CsMYB4a was found to be highly expressed in anther and filaments,and participated in regulating filament growth.Transcriptome analysis and exogenous auxin treatment showed that the target of CsMYB4a might be the auxin signal pathway.Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid 4(AUX/IAA4),a repressor in auxin signal transduction,was detected from a yeast two-hybrid screen using CsMYB4a as bait.Gene silencing assays showed that both CsIAA4 and CsMYB4a regulate filament growth.Tobacco plants overexpressing CsIAA4 were insensitive to exogenous a-NAA,consistent with overexpression of CsMYB4a.Protein-protein interaction experiments revealed that CsMYB4a interacts with N-terminal of CsIAA4 to prevent CsIAA4 degradation.Knock out of the endogenous NtIAA4 gene,a CsIAA4 homolog,in tobacco alleviated filament growth inhibition and a-NAA insensitivity in plants overexpressing CsMYB4a.All results strongly suggest that CsMYB4a works synergistically with CsIAA4 and participates in regulation of the auxin pathway in stamen.

High-visibility ghost imaging with phase-controlled discrete classical light sources

We take phase modulation to create discrete phase-controlled sources and realize the super-bunching effect by a phasecorrelated method. From theoretical and numerical simulations, we find the space translation invariance of the bunching effect is a key point for the ghost imaging realization. Experimentally, we create the orderly phase-correlated discrete sources which can realize high-visibility second-order ghost imaging than the result with chaotic sources. Moreover, some factors affecting the visibility of ghost image are discussed in detail.

Haplotype-resolved and chromosome-scale genomes provide insights into co-adaptation between the Amur tiger and Amur leopard

DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity by regulating prey-predator dynamics.However,human-induced pressures,habitat fragmentation,and environmental alterations have restricted these species in small and isolated populations.Currently,all extant big cats are categorized as endangered or threatened according to their conservation status.Amur tigers and Amur leopards share overlapping geographic ranges,habitats,and certain prey species in the forests of Northeast Asia(Jiang et al.,2015).To reduce interspecies conflict,these carnivores exhibit differentiated dietary and temporal niches.Amur tigers predominantly prey on large ungulates,while Amur leopards hunt small to medium-sized animals(Sugimoto et al.,2016).Additionally,they occupy different temporal niches,with tigers being active at night and leopards more active during the day.Despite spatial and temporal niche partitioning,interspecific competition between these two species is inevitable.Tigers,benefiting from their greater size,have a competitive advantage over leopards,which can manifest in occasional leopard predation by tigers and declines in leopard populations with increasing tiger density(Jiang et al.,2015).Tigers also displace leopards from marginal habitats in nature reserves where they coexist.

Prediction of favorable geological storage areas based on sedimentary characteristics:A case study on the northeastern Ordos Basin,China

The Ordos Basin is a large cratonic basin with stable deposition in Northwest China.Given its mostly stable subsidence background and the urgent need for saline water disposal and carbon dioxide storage in the coal mining and coal chemical industries,the Ordos Basin has been chosen as a pilot demonstration site for carbon dioxide and saline water storage in China.However,few studies have been made to evaluate the sedimentary and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of this region,as well as their influence on carbon dioxide and saline water storage potential.To address this research gap,we conducted a sedimentary study of the Lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation in the northeastern Ordos Basin utilizing the stratigraphy theory,laboratory test analysis,and pilot project demonstration,to evaluate the area's viability for the deep geological storage of gas and liquid waste.We studied the tectonic setting,petrological features,and sedimentary characteristics of the favorable strata and predicted favorable areas based on sequence stratigraphy theory.The lithology predominantly consists of feldspathic graywacke,with a fine grain size and mostly fine-to-medium-grained sandstone.The distribution of thick-grained sandstone and fine-grained sediment was identified by dividing the sequence,and a favorable reservoir-cap assemblage configuration was formed.It's concluded that the Lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation exhibits suitable characteristics for the deep geological storage of carbon dioxide and saline water.This study demonstrates the importance of basic theory in guiding practical applications and provides a reference for the scientific selection of favorable areas for deep basin storage.

Systematic Identification of Acer rubrum bZIP Transcription Factors and Their Potential Role in Anthocyanin Accumulation under Low Temperature with Light

Acer rubrum is an important garden color-leafed plant.Its leaves will turn red in autumn,which is of great orna-mental value.The leaf color change in Acer rubrum is closely associated with anthocyanins accumulation.In anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation,various transcription factor families play significant regulatory roles,including the basic(region)leucine zipper(bZIP).However,there is no report on the systematic identification and functional analysis of the bZIPs in Acer rubrum.In this study,137 bZIPs distributed on 29 chromosomes of Acer rubrum were identified and renamed according to their locations on the chromosomes.According to the constructed bZIP phylogenetic tree of Arabidopsis thaliana and Acer rubrum,bZIPs were divided into 13 groups.Two pairs of bZIP genes were involved in tandem duplication,and 106 segmental duplication gene pairs were found.Cis-acting elements in the promoter region of these bZIP genes were analyzed.The results of promoter analysis showed that many elements were closely related to light conditions,hormone responses,and abiotic stress factors.Among them,the cis-acting elements related to light response were most abundant and prominent.The results of anthocyanin determination showed that anthocyanin contents in the leaves of Acer rubrum increased significantly under low temperature with light.In addition,gene expression analysis showed that compared to other ArbZIPs,ArbZIP137,ArbZIP136,ArbZIP114,ArbZIP130,and ArbZIP14 showed a more pronounced increase in gene expression both under low-temperature conditions and under light conditions.From the correlation analysis,there was a high correlation between ArbZIPs and several anthocyanin-regulated transcription factors,including ArMYBs,ArbHLH and ArWD40s.Conclusively,the bZIP genes in Acer rubrum were identified and analyzed,providing a foundational basis for future studies on their function and significantly enhancing our understanding of the color mechanism of Acer rubrum.

城市更新背景下老旧小区改造的困境与对策研究

老旧小区改造是城市更新的重要组成部分,是提高居民生活质量、提升城市整体形象的重要抓手。针对当前老旧小区改造存在的现实困境,提出其在城市更新总体框架下的治理路径,结合昆明市呈贡老县城老旧小区改造项目,剖析其在资金筹集机制、构建居民参与途径、制定特色化改造内容、完善小区管理机制及运维体系等方面的具体实施策略,为其他城市制定老旧小区改造方案和策略提供参考与借鉴。

一起220kV断路器拒绝分闸故障的分析与处理

针对一起220 kV弹簧操动机构断路器拒绝分闸故障,分析了断路器拒绝分闸的常见原因,例如脱扣机构卡涩、分闸线圈损坏、操作板故障、二次端子接触不良等。结合现场检查和试验结果,最终确定该故障与断路器脱扣机构润滑不良、分闸线圈存在质量问题有关,并对故障断路器进行了处理。最后提出了相应的整改措施,以减少此类故障发生的概率。

Effects of Different Potassium Stress on Leaf Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Maize (Zea Mays L.) at Seedling Stage

Leaf early senescence caused by nutrition deficiency is one of the major limitation reasons in the world crop production. Potassium (K) is one of important nutrient elements in crop growth, which modifies dozens of enzyme activations and controls stomatal movement of photosynthesis. The yield and quality of maize (Zea Mays L.) have been limited due to K deficiency in plough layer soil. However, the mechanism of K deficiency tolerance is not fully understood in maize. In this study, two inbred lines, 099 (tolerance to potassium deficiency) and 835 (sensitive to potassium deficiency) were carried out to investigate the variations of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related with senescence under different K+ concentrations in maize at seedling stage. The results showed that the Chlorophyll a, b and (a + b) of 835 were significantly decreased under different K deficiency treatments, whereas those of 099 were remained normal. In addition, 099 showed a lower stomatal restriction and higher electronic transition capacity under different K deficiency treatments. The variations of F0, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ, qP and NPQ in 835 were largely higher than those in 099. These results indicated that the inbred line 099 tolerance to K deficiency could keep chlorophyll content to maintain photosynthesis and to alleviate the injury of PSII under K deficiency condition. This study should contribute to explaining the physiological mechanism tolerance nutrition deficiency and improving breeding program in maize.

幽门螺杆菌通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路对胃癌细胞侵袭及血管新生因子的作用研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路对胃癌细胞侵袭及血管新生因子的作用。方法收集手术切除的胃癌组织并检测Wnt1、Wnt3a、β-catenin、MMP-7、N-cadherin、E-cadherin、VEGF、bFGF、Ang-2 mRNA的相对表达量。培养胃癌细胞株SGC-7901,分为对照组、Hp组、Hp+ICG-001组。对照组用不含细菌及药物的DMEM处理,Hp组用含有Hp的DMEM处理,Hp+ICG-001组用含有Hp及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制剂ICG-001的DMEM处理。采用Western blotting检测Wnt1、Wnt3a、β-catenin、MMP-7、N-cadherin、E-cadherin蛋白的相对表达量。采用Transwell检测侵袭数目。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测VEGF、bFGF、Ang-2的含量。结果与Hp阴性胃癌组织比较,Hp阳性胃癌组织中Wnt1、Wnt3a、β-catenin、MMP-7、N-cadherin、VEGF、bFGF、Ang-2的mRNA相对表达量均增加(P<0.05),E-cadherin的mRNA相对表达量降低(P<0.05);Hp组Wnt1、Wnt3a、β-catenin、MMP-7、N-cadherin蛋白相对表达量、侵袭数目、VEGF、bFGF、Ang-2的含量高于对照组(P<0.05),E-cadherin的相对表达量低于对照组(P<0.05);Hp+ICG-001组Wnt1、Wnt3a、β-catenin、MMP-7、N-cadherin蛋白相对表达量、侵袭数目、VEGF、bFGF、Ang-2的含量低于Hp组(P<0.05),E-cadherin的相对表达量高于Hp组(P<0.05)。结论Hp通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进胃癌细胞的侵袭及血管新生因子生成。

三种仪器测量白内障眼生物学参数的比较

目的:比较最新的IOL Master 700与已广泛应用的IOL Master 500及A型超声测量白内障眼生物学参数的一致性,分析评价IOL Master 700在白内障术前检查中的测量优势。方法:前瞻性研究。随机选取2018-04-05/04-20于我院住院行白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶状体植入手术的年龄相关性白内障患者共52例100眼(其中4例为单眼),对所有患者分别采用IOL Master 700、IOL Master 500、A型超声波(A超)进行检查,获取眼轴长度(AL)、角膜曲率(Km)、中央前房深度(ACD)、角膜横径(W-W)、瞳孔直径(P)等参数。结果:IOL Master 700、IOL Master 500、A超对AL和ACD的检出率分别为98%、87%、99%和100%、99%、99%;IOL Master 700、IOL Master 500对Km的检出率分别为100%、99%;对W-W及P的检出率均为99%。其中高度近视伴后巩膜葡萄肿且AL≥26mm的24眼,IOL Master 700、IOL Master 500、A超的AL检出率分别为96%、79%、96%。三种设备间测得的AL、ACD有差异(F=11.58,P=0.03;F=12.46,P=0.02),Km、W-W、P的参数无差异(均P>0.05)。三种设备对AL测量的平均差值:IOL Master 700和IOL Master 500为0.05±0.12mm,IOL Master 700和A超为0.16±0.14mm;三种设备对AL≥26mm的AL测量的平均差值:IOL Master 700和IOL Master 500为0.17±0.16mm,IOL Master 700和A超为0.55±0.22mm,IOL Master 500和A超为0.11±0.17mm。Pearson相关性分析显示各设备间在AL测量结果中具有较高的相关性,IOL Master 500与IOL Master 700(r=0.85,P=0.03);IOL Master 500与A超(r=0.69,P=0.02);IOL Master 700与A超(r=0.61,P=0.03);通过Bland-Altman法对各设备的AL数据进行一致性分析,显示结果的一致性较好。结论:三种设备的不同眼部生物测量结果一致性较高。IOL Master 700对AL的检出率高于IOL Master 500;同时在高度近视伴后巩膜葡萄肿的AL测量中,IOL Master 700测量的精确性及可靠性更高。与传统检查设备相比,IOL Master 700更好的穿透力和精准度可以提供更加精确的测量参数。