Deep Structure Optimization for Incremental Hierarchical Fuzzy Systems Using Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm

The optimization of the rule base of a fuzzy logic system (FLS) based on evolutionary algorithm has achievednotable results. However, due to the diversity of the deep structure in the hierarchical fuzzy system (HFS) and thecorrelation of each sub fuzzy system, the uncertainty of the HFS’s deep structure increases. For the HFS, a largenumber of studies mainly use fixed structures, which cannot be selected automatically. To solve this problem, thispaper proposes a novel approach for constructing the incremental HFS. During system design, the deep structureand the rule base of the HFS are encoded separately. Subsequently, the deep structure is adaptively mutated basedon the fitness value, so as to realize the diversity of deep structures while ensuring reasonable competition amongthe structures. Finally, the differential evolution (DE) is used to optimize the deep structure of HFS and theparameters of antecedent and consequent simultaneously. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of themodel. Specifically, the root mean square errors in the Laser dataset and Friedman dataset are 0.0395 and 0.0725,respectively with rule counts of rules is 8 and 12, respectively.When compared to alternative methods, the resultsindicate that the proposed method offers improvements in accuracy and rule counts.

The In-Flight Realtime Trigger and Localization Software of GECAM

Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM,an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched on 2020 December 10.We developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating in the CPU of the GECAM Electronic Box.This onboard software has the following features:high trigger efficiency for real celestial bursts with a suppression of false triggers caused by charged particle bursts and background fluctuation,dedicated localization algorithm optimized for both short and long bursts,and low time latency of the trigger information which is downlinked through the Global Short Message Communication service of the global BeiDou navigation system.This paper provides a detailed description of the design and development of the trigger and localization software system for GECAM.It covers the general design,workflow,the main functions,and the algorithms used in the system.The paper also includes on-ground trigger tests using simulated gamma-ray bursts generated by a dedicated X-ray tube,as well as an overview of the performance for real celestial bursts during its in-orbit operation.

Study on the treatment of dysphagia after stroke with electromyographic biofeedback intensive training

BACKGROUND Dysphagia,or swallowing disorder,is a common complication following stroke,significantly impacting patients'quality of life.Electromyographic biofeedback(EMGBF)therapy has emerged as a potential rehabilitation technique to improve swallowing function,but its efficacy in comparison with conventional treatments remains to be further explored.AIM To investigate the effects of different treatment intensities of EMGBF on swallowing function and motor speed after stroke.METHODS The participants were divided into three groups,all of which received routine neurological drug therapy and motor function rehabilitation training.On the basis of routine swallowing disorder training,the EMGBF group received additional EMGBF training,while the enhanced EMGBF group received two additional training sessions.Four weeks before and after treatment,the degree of swallowing disorder was evaluated using the degree of swallowing disorder score(VGF)and the Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale(PAS).RESULTS Initially,there was no significant difference in VGF and PAS scores among the groups(P>0.05).After four weeks,all groups showed significant improvement in both VGF scores and PAS scores.Furthermore,the standardized swallowing assessment and videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale scores also improved significantly post-treatment,indicating enhanced swallowing function and motor function of the hyoid-bone laryngeal complex,particularly in the intensive EMGBF group.CONCLUSION EMGBF training is more effective than traditional swallowing training in improving swallowing function and the movement rate of the hyoid laryngeal complex in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.

Osteoimmunology in bone malignancies:a symphony with evil

Bone marrow is pivotal for normal hematopoiesis and immune responses,yet it is often compromised by malig-nancies.The bone microenvironment(BME),composed of bone and immune cells,maintains skeletal integrity and blood production.The emergence of primary or metastatic tumors in the skeletal system results in severe complications and contributes significantly to cancer-related mortality.These tumors set offa series of interac-tions among cancer,bone,and immune cells,and disrupt the BME locally or distantly.However,the drivers,participants,and underlying molecules of these interactions are not fully understood.This review explores the crosstalk between bone metabolism and immune responses,synthesizing current knowledge on the intersection of cancer and osteoimmune biology.It outlines how bone marrow immune cells can either facilitate or hinder tumor progression by interacting with bone cells and pinpoints the molecules responsible for immunosuppression within bone tumors.Moreover,it discusses how primary tumors remotely alter the BME,leading to systemic immune suppression in cancer patients.This knowledge provides critical rationales for emerging immunotherapies in the treatment of bone-related tumors.Taken together,by summarizing the intricate relationship between tumor cells and the BME,this review aims to deepen the understanding of the diversity,complexity,and dynamics at play during bone tumor progression.Ultimately,it highlights the potential of targeting bone-tumor interactions to correct aberrant immune functions,thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.

尼龙绳结扎装置在内镜下荷包缝合过程中的常见问题分析及应对策略

目的总结尼龙绳结扎装置在内镜下荷包缝合过程中出现的问题事件并分析其原因,从而改进和探索尼龙绳结扎装置使用过程中的技巧及策略。方法回顾性分析2017年4月-2020年12月该院消化内镜中心99例行上消化道内镜下荷包缝合患者的手术过程,总结尼龙绳结扎装置在使用过程中出现的问题事件及其原因。结果共总结出问题事件21次,包括外鞘管前端褶皱10次、结扎环脱钩5次、结扎环无法释放2次、结扎环断开2次、结扎环塞向前移动2次。结果显示,内镜类型和缝合镜式是问题事件发生的影响因素,且单腔镜操作、倒镜缝合比双腔镜、正镜缝合更容易发生问题事件,病变的位置不是问题事件发生的影响因素,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过分析人为因素、创面位置因素、装置质量因素等问题事件的原因,提出相应的对策,从而减少和避免不必要的问题事件,提高手术效率。

“翻转课堂+混合式”教学模式在物理化学实验课程中的探索与实施

在前期混合式教学改革的基础上,将翻转课堂应用于物理化学实验教学中。教学过程包括:课前在线学习、线下课堂展示、讨论与实验操作,以及课后巩固与提高。采用定量研究和问卷调查验证了这种教学模式的有效性。研究结果表明,这种教学模式有助于提高学生的学习成绩,培养学习自主性,激发学习热情,提高课堂参与度。

中国沿海地区大气污染特征及其聚类分析

为识别我国沿海地区的大气污染分布特征,基于2015—2016年我国沿海12个省(自治区、直辖市)的115个地级以上城市ρ(PM_(2.5))、ρ(PM_(10))、ρ(NO_2)、ρ(O_3)、ρ(CO)和ρ(SO_2)监测数据,在分析其时空分布特征的基础上,结合主成分分析和AIC(改进赤池信息准则)开展我国沿海地区大气污染聚类分析研究.结果表明:我国沿海地区颗粒物污染严重,其中70%和54%的城市未达到GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》中ρ(PM_(2.5))和ρ(PM_(10))二级标准,ρ(PM_(2.5))在空间上以浙江省金华市为界呈"北高南低"、金华市以北地区"西高东低"的分布特征;环渤海带及长三角地区ρ(O_3)处于相对较高水平,山东省中部ρ(SO_2)突出,最高值达71.3μg/m^3.根据6种大气污染物监测值,可将115个地级以上城市聚为3类:类Ⅰ包括河北省南部和山东省西部在内的21个城市,空间分布连续且相对集中,受本地源和扩散条件的影响,各项大气污染物质量浓度均处于较高水平;类Ⅱ包括辽宁省、山东省东部和长三角等地区的42个城市,各项大气污染物质量浓度较类Ⅰ有所降低,ρ(PM_(2.5))降低(比类Ⅰ低34.2%)明显,更多表现为受工业和散煤燃烧影响的SO_2污染,和受海运船舶和陆路交通源影响的NO_2污染;类Ⅲ包括福建省、广东省和广西壮族自治区沿海一带的52个城市,大气污染物质量浓度相对较低,空气质量较优,受季风和外来源影响的秋季O_3污染特征明显.3类城市ρ(O_3)平均值相近但季节性变化有所差异,类Ⅰ和类Ⅱρ(O_3)峰值均出现在6月,类Ⅰρ(O_3)季节性差异更为显著,类Ⅲ峰值出现在10月,全年变幅相对较小.研究显示,我国沿海地区山东省西部、江苏省北部与京津冀地区南部呈较为相似的污染特征,广西壮族自治区柳州市与周边城市呈不同聚类特征,ρ(PM)和ρ(SO_2)相对较高,为大气污染热点.

EGFR突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌的抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗研究进展

表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)是EGFR突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的一线治疗方案,但1年-2年内会出现耐药,后续治疗效果差。程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1,PD-1)/程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)抑制剂的出现极大地改变了肿瘤治疗的格局。然而,单药抗PD-1/PD-L1对EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC低应答或无应答,如何使EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC患者从抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗中获益是需要攻克的难关。本文主要就近5年来EGFR突变对NSCLC免疫状态影响的研究进展及相关的临床研究进行综述。

植物黄酮在抗新冠病大流行中的作用:人们对绿茶黄酮的使用

2020年笔者报道了植物黃烷3醇没食子酸酯(flavan-3-ol gallates,F3G)、二聚原花青素和富含这些化合物的绿茶在体外具有抑制新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的主蛋白酶(main protease)活性.最近,笔者报道了F3G和其他黄酮化合物能抑制人类冠状病毒229E在细胞中繁殖.此外,许多研究也报道绿茶和植物黄酮对新冠病治疗的益处.自2020年12月以来,在美国和土耳其,笔者采用人口统计学和民族药学方法研究了新冠感染者利用绿茶帮助康复的情况.在美国,笔者统计了居家隔离的23名感染者用茶来康复的数据.其中5位感染者授权笔者分享他们用绿茶帮助康复的经验.在土耳其,笔者统计了100位不同年龄(20个月至96岁)和性别的新冠感染者恢复的详细资料,他们在没得到任何医疗帮助的情况下从新冠病中康复.在隔离期间,除了饮食,只饮用绿茶.根据他们每天的喝茶量和康复所用时间,完成了皮尔逊积矩相关系数的分析.结果表明,每天喝绿茶量和康复时间成负相关,喝绿茶越多,康复时间越短.同时,2020年笔者收集了208个国家人均喝茶量数据:土耳其人均喝茶量最多(3 kg);很多拉美国家如墨西哥,人们不喝茶.2021年收集了100个国家的人均喝茶量数据:土耳其人均喝茶量最多(3.4 kg);很多国家如墨西哥,人们不喝茶.同样,笔者收集了2020和2021年各国的新冠感染数和死亡数,计算出每个国家每年的平均死亡率,以及2年的平均死亡率.结果发现:到2020年11月30日和2021年12月31日止,土耳其的年均死亡率大约是0.96%和0.95%,而墨西哥的年均死亡率大约是10.56%和9.81%;截至2021年12月31日,土耳其的2年平均死亡率大约是0.87%,而墨西哥2年平均死亡率大约是7.54%.根据2020年的115和121个国家、2021年的93个国家的平均喝茶量和平均死亡率,笔者进行了皮尔逊积矩相关系数的分析,结果表明,人均喝茶量和死亡率成负相关,喝茶越多,死亡率越小.这些数据提示,喝茶特别是喝绿茶有助新冠病人的康复.另外,在这篇报道里,笔者介绍了如何用涩和苦味来辨别绿茶里是否有F3G、二聚原花青素和槲皮素,笔者还提醒在茶里不能加任何奶制品.当然,笔者也强调绿茶中的F3G、二聚原花青素、槲皮素和其他植物黄酮对新冠病的治疗有效性,还有待进一步研究.

Comparative analysis of twenty-five compounds in different parts of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus by UPLC-MS/MS

As a traditional Chinese medicine,the root of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM) or A.membranaceus(AM) has been widely used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years.Till now,the flavonoids,phenolic acids and saponins are considered as the main active components contributing to their therapeutic effect in these plants.In order to clarify the distribution and contents of these compounds in different organs of these plants,a rapid and sensitive analytical method for simultaneous determination of 25 active compounds including seven types(i.e.dihydroflavones,isoflavane,isoflavones,flavones.pterocarpans,phenolic acid and saponins) within 10 min was established using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Then,the established method was fully validated and successfully applied to the determination of the contents of these analytes in different parts(root,rhizome,stem,leaf and flower) of AMM and AM.The results indicated that the contents of the same type of compounds in two different species plants were significantly different.Moreover,the obvious differences were also found for the distribution and contents of different type of compounds in five organs of the same species.The present study could provide necessary information for the rational development and utilization of AMM and AM resource.

Fault Diagnosis Based on BP Neural Network Optimized by Beetle Algorithm

In the process of Wavelet Analysis,only the low-frequency signals are re-decomposed,and the high-frequency signals are no longer decomposed,resulting in a decrease in frequency resolution with increasing frequency.Therefore,in this paper,firstly,Wavelet Packet Decomposition is used for feature extraction of vibration signals,which makes up for the shortcomings of Wavelet Analysis in extracting fault features of nonlinear vibration signals,and different energy values in different frequency bands are obtained by Wavelet Packet Decomposition.The features are visualized by the K-Means clustering method,and the results show that the extracted energy features can accurately distinguish the different states of the bearing.Then a fault diagnosis model based on BP Neural Network optimized by Beetle Algo-rithm is proposed to identify the bearing faults.Compared with the Particle Swarm Algorithm,Beetle Algorithm can quickly find the error extreme value,which greatly reduces the training time of the model.At last,two experiments are conducted,which show that the accuracy of the model can reach more than 95%,and the model has a certain anti-interference ability.

Detrimental phase evolution triggered by Ni in perovskite-type cathodes for CO2 electroreduction

Perovskite oxides are popular as cathode materials of solid oxide electrolysis cells, because of their good redox stability and high resistance to coke formation.Unexpectedly, a negative effect of Ni doping is found on Sr2Fe(1.5-x)NixMo(0.5)O(x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) cathode for pure CO2 electroreduction at 800 ℃, although Ni is highly active for CO2 electroreduction.The CO2 electroreduction performance degrades with the increase of Ni doping amount.Various characterization techniques are used to disclose the negative effect.Ni doping decreases the perovskite stability under electroreduction conditions, Fe and Ni cations in the B-site are reduced to metal nanoparticles and SrCO3 forms on the surface of the perovskite.The phase instability results from the weaker Ni–O bond.Although the Fe-Ni nanoparticles are in favor of the CO2 electroreduction, too much SrCO3 and carbon deposition block the charge transfer and diffusion of oxygenous species on the cathode surface.

Joint Doppler Shift and Channel Estimation for UAV mmWave System with Massive ULA

A joint Doppler shift and channel estimation method for the millimeter-wave communication system of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) equipped with a large-scale uniform linear antenna(ULA) array has been proposed. Since Doppler shift induces intercarrier interference, the parameters of the channel paths have been decomposed into the Doppler shift and the channel information. In order to obtain the Doppler shift, a new estimation algorithm based on a combination of discrete Fourier transform and phase rotation has been proposed, which can determine the appropriate number of antennas. In addition to estimating the channel information, a low-complexity joint Doppler shift and channel estimation method has been designed that can quickly obtain accurate estimates. Furthermore, the achievable sum rate, the theoretical bounds of the mean squared errors, and the Cram?er-Rao lower bounds of the estimation method have been derived. The analysis and simulation results prove that the performance of the proposed approach is close to the theoretical inference.

主辅弹簧式恒力支吊架凸轮曲线研究

凸轮作为主辅弹簧式恒力支吊架的核心元件,其设计的精确度直接影响到装置的性能。根据恒力支吊架的运行原理,对文献所述凸轮曲线计算方程进行了修正,并对文献方程和修正方程的计算结果进行了比较。在此基础上,深入分析了两坐标系相对转角、滚轮半径和滚动摩擦系数对装置性能(恒定度和载荷偏差度)的影响。最后,通过实验测试验证了修正方程计算结果的准确性。研究结果表明:在凸轮曲线计算过程中,应充分考虑两坐标系相对转角和滚轮半径对计算结果的影响,滚动摩擦系数考虑与否对计算结果基本无影响。修正方程应用范围明确,可为该类恒力支吊架的合理设计提供理论基础。

草酸二丁酯的制备——酯化反应的改进

酯的制备在教材中多采用羧酸和醇在浓硫酸催化下脱水的方法,本实验创新性地利用草酸的自催化而不需外加浓硫酸即实现酯化,且反应条件温和、反应时间短、后处理简单、实验重现性好。相比教材中采用浓硫酸作催化剂,本改进方案更为绿色、安全、经济,有助于培养学生的绿色化学理念、安全环保意识和社会责任感。

Large-scale population structure and genetic architecture of agronomic traits of garlic

Garlic,an asexually propagated crop,is the second important bulb crop after the onion and is used as a vegetable and medicinal plant.Abundant and diverse garlic resources have been formed over thousands of years of cultivation.However,genome variation,population structure and genetic architecture of garlic agronomic traits were still not well elucidated.Here,1100258 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were identified using genotyping-by-sequencing in 606 garlic accessions collected from43 countries.Population structure,principal component and phylogenetic analysis showed that these accessions were divided into five subpopulations.Twenty agronomic traits,including above-ground growth traits,bulb-related and bolt-related traits in two consecutive years were implemented in a genome-wide association study.In total,542 SNPs were associated with these agronomic traits,among which 188 SNPs were repeatedly associated with more than two traits.One SNP(chr6:1896135972)was repeatedly associated with ten traits.These associated SNPs were located within or near 858 genes,56 of which were transcription factors.Interestingly,one non-synonymous SNP(Chr4:166524085)in ribosomal protein S5 was repeatedly associated with above-ground growth and bulb-related traits.Additionally,gene ontology enrichment analysis of candidate genes for genomic selection regions between complete-bolting and non-bolting accessions showed that these genes were significantly enriched in‘vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem’,‘shoot system development’,‘reproductive process’,etc.These results provide valuable information for the reliable and efficient selection of candidate genes to achieve garlic genetic improvement and superior varieties.

A new approach for inversion of receiver function for crustal structure in the depth domain

A method for reconstructing crustal velocity structure using the optimization of stacking receiver function amplitude in the depth domain,named common conversion amplitude(CCA)inversion,is presented.The conversion amplitude in the depth domain,which represents the impedance change in the medium,is obtained by assigning the receiver function amplitude to the corresponding conversion position where the P-to-S conversion occurred.Utilizing the conversion amplitude variation with depth as an optimization objective,imposing reliable prior constraints on the structural model frame and velocity range,and adopting a stepwise search inversion technique,this method efficiently weakens the tendency of easily falling into the local extremum in conventional receiver function inversion.Synthetic tests show that the CCA inversion can reconstruct complex crustal velocity structures well and is especially suitable for revealing crustal evolution by estimating diverse velocity distributions.Its performance in reconstructing crustal structure is superior to that of the conventional receiver function imaging method.

Status and Application of Tobacco Leaf Preconditioning in China

In the process of tobacco production, the moisture content of tobacco leaves directly affects the quality of tobacco leaf. Since the water content in the leaf is low, it needs to process with the conditioning treatment for a short time beforetobacco grading, so as to improve the tobacco moisture content and reduce breakage, as well as ensure the quality and yield of tobacco, ahd meet the requirements of the follow-up process of tobacco. Therefore, a comprehensive overview was given to the pre-conditioning method for tobacco leaf, and the current application status of tobacco leaf pre-conditioning equipment in China was explored.

DOA and Subarray-Interval Estimation for Arbitrarily Distributed UAV Swarm System

In this paper,DOA and subarray-interval estimation are considered and applied to arbitrarily distributed unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm system,in which multiple small UAVs containing uniform linear array(ULA)are divided by unknown intervals because of dynamic moving.Three parameters are taken to indicate the steering vector,namely,the direction of arrivals(DOAs)of target users,the intervals of UAVs,and the orientation angles of UAVs.The orientation angles are first estimated with an auxiliary user and the DOAs are obtained through a search free rooting method,despite the intervals among the UAVs.Afterwards,the intervals among UAVs can also be calculated via exhaustive when the number of target users are no less than three.We further develop a low-complex method to reduce the computational complexity during subarray-interval estimation.The deterministic Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)of the DOA,orientation angle and subarray-interval can be inferred in a closed form.Eventually,numerical instances are cited to verify the research results.

Predictive validation of existing bleeding and thromboembolic scores in elderly patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND The validation of various risk scores in elderly patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation(AF)and acute coron-ary syndrome(ACS)has not been reported.The present study compared the predictive performance of existing risk scores in patients.these METHODS A total of 1252 elderly patients with AF and ACS comorbidities(≥65 years old)were consecutively enrolled from January 2015 to December 2019.All patients were followed up for one year.The predictive performance of risk scores in predict-bleeding and thromboembolic events was calculated and compared.ing RESULTS During the 1-year follow-up,183(14.6%)patients had thromboembolic events,198(15.8%)patients had BARC class≥2 bleeding events,and 61(4.9%)patients had BARC class≥3 bleeding events.For the BARC class≥3 bleeding events,discrimina-tion of the existing risk scores was low to moderate,PRECISE-DAPT(C-statistic:0.638,95%CI:0.611-0.665),ATRIA(C-statistic:0.615,95%CI:0.587-0.642),PARIS-MB(C-statistic:0.612,95%CI:0.584-0.639),HAS-BLED(C-statistic:0.597,95%CI:0.569-0.624)and CRUSADE(C-statistic:0.595,95%CI:0.567-0.622).However,the calibration was good.PRECISE-DAPT showed a higher in-tegrated discrimination improvement(IDI)than PARIS-MB,HAS-BLED,ATRIA,and CRUSADE(P<0.05)and the best decision curve analysis(DCA).For thromboembolic events,the discrimination of GRACE(C-statistic:0.636,95%CI:0.608-0.662)was higher than CHA2DS2-VASc(C-statistic:0.612,95%CI:0.584-0.639),OPT-CAD(C-statistic:0.602,95%CI:0.574-0.629)and PARIS-CTE(C-statistic:0.595,95%CI:0.567-0.622).The calibration was good.Compared to OPT-CAD and PARIS-CTE,the IDI of the GRACE score slightly improved(P<0.05).However,NRI analysis showed no significant difference.DCA showed that the clinical practic-of thromboembolic risk scores was similar.ability CONCLUSIONS The discrimination and calibration of existing risk scores in predicting 1-year thromboembolic and bleeding events were unsatisfactory in elderly patients with comorbid AF and ACS.PRECISE-DAPT showed higher IDI and DCA than other risk scores in predicting BARC class≥3 bleeding events.The GRACE score showed a slight advantage in predicting throm-botic events.