Research progress on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and non-suicidal self-injury addictive behavior associated with depressive disorders in adolescents

In recent years,non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behavior has emerged in a large number of adoles-cent depression.NSSI associated with adolescent depres-sion may be an addictive behavior,which has many sim-ilar neurobiological mechanisms to substance addiction.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and precursor of BDNF(proBDNF)play an important role in addiction behavior,and they may be related to endogenous opioid receptors.The location and distribution of opioidμre-ceptors in the brain are related to reward,motivation and emotion regulated by behavioral addiction.The purpose of this paper is to review the general situation,mechanism and relationship between the characteristics of NSSI be-havior addiction and brain-derived nutritional factors in adolescents with depression.

Research progress of the synapsin 2 gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Schizophrenia(SCZ)is the most common serious mental illness with a high disability rate and heavy social and family burdens.At present,there is no clear etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Studies have shown that the occurrence of schizophrenia may be related to the abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.The LIM-homeobox gene 3(LHXS)and early growth response 1(EGR1)can affect pituitary function.Because the synapsin 2(SYN2)gene polymorphism regulates the activity of LHX3 and EGR1,it may cause the occurrence of schizophrenia.This article will review the possible involvement of SYN2 gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via regulating the activity of LHX3 and EGR1,then to afiect the HPA axis.

Hyperglycemia induced by clozapine and its alternativetherapy:a case report

Clozapine has been recognized as the best drug for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia,but its clinical use is very cautious.Clozapine has many side effects,among which agranulocytosis is fatal.And it often causes glucose intolerance,leading to type 2 di-abetes.The treatment plan for elevated blood glucose in clozapine patients is still unclear.This paper will report one case of glucose intolerance caused by clozapine and its alternative treatment,and discuss the treatment plan.

The roles of BDNF and ProBDNF in schizophrenia: possibilities for treatment

This review discusses the roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and precursor BDNF(proBDNF)in schizophrenia(SCZ).SCZ is associated with neuronal dysfunction,altered synaptic plasticity,and cognitive deficits.BDNF positively promotes neuronal growth,differentiation,and synapse forma-tion,and regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity.ProBDNF negatively affects neuronal survival and synaptic remodeling,however,by binding to its neurotroph-in receptor p75(p75NTR).A better understanding of the pathogenesis of SCZ vis-à-vis BDNF and proBDNF may provide new directions and strategies for its treatment.

Progress in the application of P300 in depression

Depression is a common mental disor-der with low mood,loss of interest and pleasure as main symptoms.Because of depending on the subjective diag-nosis of psychiatrists,its diagnosis is no reliable objective basis.P300 research findings can be used as an objective diagnostic indicator for patients.This paper mainly intro-duces the current research status of event-related poten-tials for depression and introduces the scientific research and clinical significance of P300 for depression.

Research progress on benzodiazepines to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome(AWS)refers to a series of symptoms and signs that chronic al-coholics experience when they suddenly stop drinking or reduce their drinking,usually 12 to 24 h later.These in-clude tremors,fatigue,sweating,hyperreflexia,and gas-trointestinal symptoms.This article will analyze the drug treatment of this disease and make a brief review.

Changes and clinical significance of BDNF and MMP9 be-fore and after treatment of depressive episode

Objective:to explore brain-derived neu-rotrophic factor(BDNF)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9)messenger in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with depressive episodes before and after anti-depressant treatment changes in RNA(mRNA)expres-sion levels.Methods:fifteen patients hospitalized with depression in the Afiliated Mental Hospital of Kunming Medical University from December 2021 to June 2022 were collected as research objects.After 4 weeks of anti-depressant treatment,BDNF mRNA and MMP9 mRNA in patients with depression were detected before and af-ter treatment,and statistically analyzed.Results:after 4 weeks of antidepressant treatment,there was no signif-icant difference in BDNF mRNA expression level after treatment compared with before treatment(P>0.05).The mRNA level of MMP9 was higher than that before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:antidepressant therapy increases the expression of MMP9 mRNA,increasing the conver-sion of BDNF precursor(proBDNF)to mature for BDNF(mBDNF)to relieve depressive symptoms,and the total content of BDNF did not change significantly.

Phenobarbital in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome(AWS)is a serious disorder affecting alcohol-dependent patients who abruptly stop or reduce their drinking.Mild or moderate AWS usually appears within 6 to 24 h after the last drink,and symptoms may include increased blood pressure and rapid pulse,tremors,high fever,irritability,anxiety,headache,nausea,and vomiting.These symptoms may progress to a more severe AWS characterized by delirium tremens,seizures,coma,cardiac arrest,and death.This article will analyze the phenobarbital(PB)treatment of AWS and make a brief review'.

Research progress on BDNF in Sjogren's syndrome with depressive disorder

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is a widely studied neurotrophic factor,which plays an important role in the growth,development,dif-ferentiation,injury,repair,survival and apoptosis of nerve cells.More and more studies have found that there is a high prevalence of depressive disorders in patients with autoimmune diseases.Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune exocrine disease characterized by lympho-cytic infiltration and exocrine gland destruction.Depres-sive disorders are common in patients with Sjogren's syndrome.The quality of life of patients with Sjogren's syndrome with depression was generally lower than that of patients with Sjogren's syndrome without depres-sion.In this article,we reviewed the research progress of BDNF and depression in Sjogren's syndrome at home and abroad.

Research progress on whether BDNF can be used as a predictive biomarkerfor suicidal behavior

In recent years,the serious social phe-nomenon of suicide has been of great concern to society and academia.However,the study and early risk assess-ment of suicide have been limited by multiple aspects.Therefore,researchers have started to search for a reliable marker for early diagnosis of suicide risk,and one of the widely studied neurotransmitters associated with suicide is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).This re-view aims to summarize the current scientific knowledge on the relevance of BDNF and psychiatric disorders to suicide and to infer whether neurotrophic factors could be a reliable marker for early diagnosis of suicide risk.Based on the results of these studies,a link between BDNF and suicide may exist and act independently of mental illness.However,there is still controversy and further studies may provide researchers with useful information.

Advances in the prediction of biological markers of alcohol dependence relapse

Alcohol dependence is a chronic and re-lapsing disease that causes mental and organ damage due to long-term heavy drinking,which has serious adverse effccts on individuals and socicty.Previous studics have shown that even after inpatient treatment,the relapse rate of alcohol-dependent patients can be as high as 60%-70%within 3 months after discharge.Currently,the mecha-nisms associated with relapse to drinking in alcohol-dependent patients are still unclear.And most of the studies reported in the past have been about the relationship between psychosocial factors and relapse to drinking,while few studies have examined the relationship between bi-ological indicators and relapse to drinking.Therefore,in this paper,we summarize the recent literature to explore the biological markers related to alcohol dependence relapse and discuss the progress of research on relapse pre-diction,in order to provide reference and help to reduce the relapse rate and improve the quality of life of patients.

Two-dimensional halide perovskites:A review on their orientations

Two-dimensional halide perovskites,emerging materials with quantum well structures,demonstrate excellent physical properties,such as easily tunable band structures,hot-phonon bottleneck,photo-induced phase segregation,and spin-orbit coupling,and therefore hold great potential for various optoelectronic devices.Interestingly,this class of perovskite materials also possesses a unique anisotropic feature,and their orientations can highly affect their charge carrier behaviors and other related properties.Therefore,effectively controlling the orientation of two-dimensional halide perovskites is of vital importance.So far,various methods,on the basis of different mechanisms have been developed to modulate the orientation,particularly the out-ofplane orientation.Herein,we summarize recent advances in these strategies for enabling the out-of-plane orientation for twodimensional perovskites.We then systematically review the possible principles for tunning the orientation,followed by an overview of the remaining problems,particularly the microscopic mechanisms behind these modulation methods and their influences,and the future perspectives.

Electrode-induced impurities in tin halide perovskite solar cell material CsSnBr_(3) from first principles

All-inorganic lead-free CsSnBr_(3)is attractive for applications in solar cells due to its nontoxicity and stability,but the device performance to date has been poor.Besides the intrinsic properties,impurities induced from electrodes may significantly influence the device performance.Here,we systematically studied the stability,transition energy levels,and diffusion of impurities from the most commonly used electrodes(Au,Ag,Cu,graphite,and graphene)in CsSnBr_(3)based on density functional theory calculations.Our results reveal that,whereas graphite and graphene electrodes exhibit negligible influence on CsSnBr_(3)due to the relatively high formation energies for carbon impurities in CsSnBr_(3),atoms from the metal electrodes can effectively diffuse into CsSnBr_(3)along interstice and form electrically active impurities in CsSnBr_(3).In this case,a significant amount of donor interstitial impurities,such as Agti,Cuti,and Auti,will be formed under p-type conditions,whereas the Sn-site substitutional acceptor impurities,namely Au_(Sn)^(2-),Ag_(Sn)^(2-),and Cu_(Sn)^(2-),are the dominant impurities,especially under n-type conditions.In particular,except for Auti,all these major impurities from the metal electrodes act as nonradiative recombination centers in CsSnBr_(3)and significantly degrade the device performance.Our work highlights the distinct behaviors of the electrode impurities in CsSnBr_(3)and their influence on the related devices and provides valuable information for identifying suitable electrodes for optoelectronic applications.

Unipolar electric-field-controlled nonvolatile multistate magnetic memory in FeRh/(001)PMN-PT heterostructures over a broad temperature span

Multistate magnetic memory effect in heterostructures composed of FeRh thin films with antiferromagnetic(AFM)-ferromagnetic(FM)phase transition and(001)-oriented PMN-PT substrates has been investigated.Utilizing a unipolar electric field,the nonvolatile change in magnetization was nearly doubled compared with that obtained utilizing a conventional bipolar bias.Four stable nonvolatile magnetic states were obtained over a broad temperature span,from 320 to 390K,by adjusting the amplitude of the unipolar electric pulses,demonstrating the possibility of realizing a multistate nonvolatile magnetic memory in the FeRh/PMN-PT heterostructures.This work provides a new strategy for enhancing the magnetic response by utilizing unipolar electric fields and promotes the utilization of AFM-FM phase transition materials in multifunctional information storage and novel spintronic devices.