Improvement strategy on thermophysical properties of A_(2)B_(2)O_(7)-type rare earth zirconates for thermal barrier coatings applications:A review

The A_(2)B_(2)O_(7)-type rare earth zirconate compounds have been considered as promising candidates for thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials because of their low sintering rate,improved phase stability,and reduced thermal conductivity in contrast with the currently used yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in high operating temperature environments.This review summarizes the recent progress on rare earth zirconates for TBCs that insulate high-temperature gas from hot-section components in gas turbines.Based on the first principles,molecular dynamics,and new data-driven calculation approaches,doping and high-entropy strategies have now been adopted in advanced TBC materials design.In this paper,the solid-state heat transfer mechanism of TBCs is explained from two aspects,including heat conduction over the full operating temperature range and thermal radiation at medium and high temperature.This paper also provides new insights into design considerations of adaptive TBC materials,and the challenges and potential breakthroughs are further highlighted for extreme environmental applications.Strategies for improving thermophysical performance are proposed in two approaches:defect engineering and material compositing.

伊马替尼治疗胃肠道间质瘤耐药的相关分子机制研究进展

研究胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)伊马替尼耐药的机制,开发新的治疗靶点和治疗方案,对改善GIST患者的长期预后具有重要意义。本文从GIST的分子特征、伊马替尼耐药机制、非编码RNA、溶酶体、关键蛋白和成纤维细胞生长因子2(fibroblast growth factor-2,FGF-2)等方面对GIST伊马替尼耐药机制的研究进行了综述。研究表明,不同的耐药机制网络之间是相互联系的。伊马替尼治疗和联合抑制多种耐药机制有望成为GIST治疗的新选择。此外,基于耐药机制的识别实施个体化治疗将为伊马替尼耐药的GIST患者提供新的辅助治疗选择,从而延缓GIST的进展。

Hard Superconducting Gap in Pb Te Nanowires

Semiconductor nanowires coupled to a superconductor provide a powerful testbed for quantum device physics such as Majorana zero modes and gate-tunable hybrid qubits.The performance of these quantum devices heavily relies on the quality of the induced superconducting gap.A hard gap.

Identifying Industrial Control Equipment Based on Rule Matching and Machine Learning

To identify industrial control equipment is often a key step in network mapping,categorizing network resources,and attack defense.For example,if vulnerable equipment or devices can be discovered in advance and the attack path canbe cut off,security threats canbe effectively avoided and the stable operationof the Internet canbe ensured.The existing rule-matching method for equipment identification has limitations such as relying on experience and low scalability.This paper proposes an industrial control device identification method based on PCA-Adaboost,which integrates rule matching and machine learning.We first build a rule base from network data collection and then use single andmulti-protocol rule-matchingmethods to identify the type of industrial control devices.Finally,we utilize PCA-Adaboost to identify unlabeled data.The experimental results show that the recognition rate of this method is better than that of the traditional Nmap device recognitionmethod and the device recognition accuracy rate reaches 99%.The evaluation effect of the test data set is significantly enhanced.

Experimental study of density gradient-driven micro-instabilities and the confinement degradation during H-mode in EAST

A broadband(BB)mode is observed by collective Thomson scattering diagnostics in repeatable shots of EAST and analyzed for the first time.This BB mode usually grows during L–H transitions,featuring a BB quasi-coherent mode with increasing frequency.During H-mode operations,it is characterized by steady-state BB in the high-frequency range(f~200–2000 k Hz),at the electron scale(k_(θ)ρ_(s)=1–2),mainly driven by the density gradient,and is sensitive to the value ofηein the region of interest(ρ=0.4–0.8),wherehe=(R/L_(Te))/(R/L_(ne))is the ratio of the normalized electron temperature gradient and density gradient,and the regionρ=0.4–0.8 usually has a relatively low collisionality(v_(eff)<5).The frequency of BB is found to be dependent on the electron temperature and density gradient,which is a typical feature of electron-driven turbulence.A negative correlation between the energy confinement and the intensity of the BB turbulence during H-mode has been found,which indicates a strong electron thermal transport induced by the BB turbulence.The BB significantly decreases the electron temperature and causes flatter electron temperature profiles in the region of interest(ρ=0.4–0.8),thus makingηedecrease and the BB destabilize further.These characteristics of BB are related to the theoretical density gradient-driven trapped electron mode.It should be noted that this mode is not observed by other diagnostics in EAST,and shows very different features to the coherent modes in the edge.

The gut microbiota reprograms intestinal lipid metabolism through long noncoding RNASnhg9

The intestinal microbiota regulates mammalian lipid absorption,metabolism,and storage.We report that the microbiota reprograms intestinal lipid metabolism in mice by repressing the expression of long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)Snhg9(small nucleolar RNA host gene 9)in small intestinal epithelial cells.Snhg9suppressed the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)-a central regulator of lipid metabolism-by dissociating the PPARγinhibitor sirtuin 1 from cell cycle and apoptosis protein 2(CCAR2).Forced expression ofSnhg9in the intestinal epithelium of conventional mice impaired lipid absorption,reduced body fat,and protected against diet-induced obesity.The microbiota repressedSnhg9expression through an immune relay encompassing myeloid cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells.Our findings thus identify an unanticipated role for a lncRNA in microbial control of host metabolism.

Joint 3D Trajectory and Resource Optimization for A UAV Relay-Assisted Cognitive Radio Network

In this paper,we consider a new spectrum sharing scenario for a cognitive relay network,where a secondary unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)relay receives information from the ground secondary base station(SBS)and transmits information to the ground secondary user(SU),coexisting with the primary users(PUs)at the same wireless frequency band.We investigate the optimization of the UAV relay’s three-dimensional(3D)trajectory to improve the communication throughput performance of the secondary network subject to the interference constraints of the PUs.The information throughput maximization problem is studied by jointly optimizing the UAV relay’s 3D trajectory and the transmit power of the SBS and the UAV,subject to the constraints on the velocity and elevation of the UAV relay,the maximum and average transmit power,and the information causality,as well as a set of interference temperature(IT)constraints.An efficient algorithm is proposed to solve the admittedly challenging non-convex problem by using the path discretization technique,the successive convex approximation technique and the alternating optimization method.Finally,simulation results are provided to show that our proposed design outperforms other benchmark schemes in terms of the throughput。

Robust Artificial Noise-Aided Beamforming for A Secure MISO-NOMA Visible Light Communication System

Visible light communication(VLC)and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)have been deemed two promising techniques in the next wireless communication networks.In this paper,secure communications in the presence of potential eavesdropper are investigated for a multiple-input single-output VLC system with NOMA.The artificial noise jamming and beamforming technologies are applied to improve secure performance.A robust resource allocation scheme is proposed to minimize the total transmit power taking into account the constraints on the quality of service requirement of the desired users and the maximum tolerable data rate of the eavesdropper,and the practical imperfect channel state information of both the desired users and the eavesdropper.The formulated non-convex optimization problem is tackled based onS-Procedure and semi-definite programming relaxation.Simulation results illustrate that our proposed resource allocation scheme can effectively guarantee communication security and achieve transmit power saving.Moreover,the height and number of LED can significantly affect system performance and the optimum LED height can be obtained for different LED numbers.

Resource Allocation and Trajectories Design for UAV-Assisted Jamming Cognitive UAV Networks

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)communications are subject to the severe spectrum scarcity problem.Cognitive UAV networks are promising to tackle this issue while the confidential information is susceptible to be eavesdropped.A UAV jamming assisted scheme is proposed.A joint resource allocation and trajectories optimization problem is formulated in a UAV-assisted jamming cognitive UAV network subject to diverse power and trajectory constraints.An alternative optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the challenging non-convex joint optimization problem.Extensive simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed scheme and many meaningful insights are obtained for the practical design of cognitive UAV networks.

Long intergenic noncoding RNAs differentially expressed in Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Cow mastitis is the most common disease that affects the dairy farming industry and causes serious harm to dairy cows and humans,and Staphylococcus(S.)aureus is one of the main pathogens that cause mastitis in dairy cows.In this study,a mastitis model was established through the infection of bovine mammary epithelial cells(BMECs)with S.aureus(bacterial concentration of 1×10^(9)/mL),and these cells and a blank group(untreated)were analyzed by flow cytometry(10000 cells,200 cells collected per second),hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and immunohistochemistry.In addition,the lncRNAs(long non-coding RNAs)in the normal and S.aureus-infected BMEC group were screened by second-generation sequencing.Flow cytometry,H&E staining,and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to verify the successful construction of an S.aureus infection model in BMECs.A close relationship was found between the differential expression of lncRNAs and S.aureus mastitis.The total original sequencing reads were 627.13 M,and the average reads from each sample were approximately 104.52 M.After removing the unwanted reads,the total clean reads were 606.43 M,and the average reads from each sample were approximately 101.07 M.After S.aureus infection,30 lncRNAs were differentially expressed,and these included 21 upregulated and nine down-regulated lncRNAs.This research will not only expand our understanding of the lncRNA map in dairy cows but also help us hypothesize the function of lncRNAs in the genome and identify novel molecular markers of mastitis.

Uniticket: A Third Party Universal E-Ticket System Based on Mobile Phone

Prepaid energy meters have been widely adopted by utilities in different countries across the world as an innovative solution to the problem of affordability and consumption management. However, the present smart card based systems have some inherent problems like added cost, low availability and lack of security. In the future Smart Grid paradigm, use of smart meters can completely overhaul these prepaid systems by introducing centralized accounting, monitoring and credit-control functions using state-of-the-art telecommunication technologies like WiMAX. In this paper we propose a prepaid smart metering scheme for Smart Grid application based on centralized authentication and charging using the WiMAX prepaid accounting model. We then discuss its specific application to Demand Response and Roaming of Electrical Vehicles.

Performance Study of Multi-Path in VANETs and Their Impact on Routing Protocols

Modeling complicated vehicular traffic behavior and analyzing effects on the communication performance of routing protocols taken by environmental factors have been a challenging task for the past several years. In this paper, we study the performance of multi-path routing protocol. Then, we investigate both multi-path and single-path routing protocol and analyze characteristics such as network connectivity, vehicle-node density etc. To better understand this phenomenon, we use mobility model with different parameters and evaluate the performance of routing protocols (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector and Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector routing protocols) through NS2 platform. The simulation results show the significance of multi-path on the throughput, loss and average delay of VANETs. The results of this paper may be used to study designing route protocols and applications of VANET.

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

Chemodivergent annulations of allenyl imides andβ,γ-enones switched by nucleophilic phosphine and amine catalysts

Nucleophilic phosphine and amine catalyst-switched chemodivergent[4+1]and[3+3]annulations of allenyl imides andβ,γ-enones have been developed,furnishing highly substituted 2-cyclopentenone and 2-pyranone derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.Two plausible reaction mechanisms involving two different ketene intermediates have been proposed to explain the observed chemoselectivity.Moreover,by virtue of theα,β-enone substructure of the[4+1]adducts,1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile imines has been studied in one-pot to provide various fused pyrazoline derivatives.

Spin order and dynamics in the topological rare-earth germanide semimetals

The REAl(Si,Ge)(RE=rare earth)family,known to break both the inversion-and time-reversal symmetries,represents one of the most suitable platforms for investigating the interplay between correlated-electron phenomena and topologically nontrivial bands.Here,we report on systematic magnetic,transport,and muon-spin rotation and relaxation(μSR)measurements on(Nd,Sm)AlGe single crystals,which exhibit antiferromagnetic(AFM)transitions at T_(N)=6.1 and 5.9 K,respectively.In addition,NdAlGe undergoes also an incommensurate-to-commensurate ferrimagnetic transition at 4.5 K.Weak transverse-fieldμSR measurements confirm the AFM transitions,featuring a~90%magnetic volume fraction.Zero-field(ZF)μSR measurements reveal a more disordered internal field distribution in NdAlGe than in SmAlGe,reflected in a larger transverse muon-spin relaxation rateλTat T<<T_(N).This may be due to the complex magnetic structure of NdAlGe,which undergoes a series of metamagnetic transitions in an external magnetic field,while SmAlGe shows only a robust AFM order.In NdAlGe,the topological Hall effect(THE)appears between the first and the second metamagnetic transitions for H‖c,while it is absent in SmAlGe.Such THE in NdAlGe is most likely attributed to the field-induced topological spin textures.The longitudinal muon-spin relaxation rateλL,diverges near the AFM order,followed by a clear drop at T<T_N.In the magnetically ordered state,spin fluctuations are significantly stronger in NdAlGe than in SmAlGe.In general,our longitudinal-fieldμSR data indicate vigorous spin fluctuations in NdAlGe,thus providing valuable insights into the origin of THE and of the possible topological spin textures in REAl(Si,Ge)Weyl semimetals.

Enhancing safety and efficiency in automated container terminals: Route planning for hazardous material AGV using LSTM neural network and Deep Q-Network

As the proliferation and development of automated container terminal continue,the issues of efficiency and safety become increasingly significant.The container yard is one of the most crucial cargo distribution centers in a terminal.Automated Guided Vehicles(AGVs)that carry materials of varying hazard levels through these yards without compromising on the safe transportation of hazardous materials,while also maximizing efficiency,is a complex challenge.This research introduces an algorithm that integrates Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network with reinforcement learning techniques,specifically Deep Q-Network(DQN),for routing an AGV carrying hazardous materials within a container yard.The objective is to ensure that the AGV carrying hazardous materials efficiently reaches its destination while effectively avoiding AGVs carrying non-hazardous materials.Utilizing real data from the Meishan Port in Ningbo,Zhejiang,China,the actual yard is first abstracted into an undirected graph.Since LSTM neural network can efficiently conveys and represents information in long time sequences and do not causes useful information before long time to be ignored,a two-layer LSTM neural network with 64 neurons per layer was constructed for predicting the motion trajectory of AGVs carrying non-hazardous materials,which are incorporated into the map as background AGVs.Subsequently,DQN is employed to plan the route for an AGV transporting hazardous materials,aiming to reach its destination swiftly while avoiding encounters with other AGVs.Experimental tests have shown that the route planning algorithm proposed in this study improves the level of avoidance of hazardous material AGV in relation to non-hazardous material AGVs.Compared to the method where hazardous material AGV follow the shortest path to their destination,the avoidance efficiency was enhanced by 3.11%.This improvement demonstrates potential strategies for balancing efficiency and safety in automated terminals.Additionally,it provides insights for designing avoidance schemes for autonomous driving AGVs,offering solutions for complex operational environments where safety and efficient navigation are paramount.

A near-complete genome assembly of the allotetrapolyploid Cenchrus fungigraminus(JUJUNCAO)provides insights into its evolution and C4 photosynthesis

JUJUNCAO(Cenchrus fungigraminus;2n=4x=28)is a Cenchrus grass with the highest biomass production among cultivated plants,and it can be used for mushroom cultivation,animal feed,and biofuel production.Here,we report a nearly complete genome assembly of JUJUNCAO and reveal that JUJUNCAO is an allopolyploid that originated2.7 million years ago(mya).Its genome consists of two subgenomes,and subgenome A shares high collinear synteny with pearl millet.We also investigated the genome evolution of JUJUNCAO and suggest that the ancestral karyotype of Cenchrus split into the A and B ancestral karyotypes of JUJUNCAO.Comparative transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses revealed functional divergence of homeologous gene pairs between the two subgenomes,which was a further indication of asymmetric DNA methylation.The three types of centromeric repeat in the JUJUNCAO genome(CEN137,CEN148,and CEN156)may have evolved independently within each subgenome,with some introgressions of CEN156 from the B to the A subgenome.We investigated the photosynthetic characteristics of JUJUNCAO,revealing its typical C4 Kranz anatomy and high photosynthetic efficiency.NADP-ME and PEPCK appear to cooperate in the major C4 decarboxylation reaction of JUJUNCAO,which is different from other C4 photosynthetic subtypes and may contribute to its high photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yield.Taken together,our results provide insights into the highly efficient photosynthetic mechanism of JUJUNCAO and provide a valuable reference genome for future genetic and evolutionary studies,as well as genetic improvement of Cenchrus grasses.

Mechanical properties,thermal conductivity and defect formation energies of samarium immobilization in Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7):First-principles study and irradiation experiment

A density functional theory(DFT)study was employed to investigate the mechanical property,thermal conductivity,Debye temperature,electronic structure and defect chemistry of(Gd_(1-x)Sm_(x))_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7).All the(Gd_(1-x)Sm_(x))_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7) compounds exhibit an excellent structural and mechanical stability(Gd_(0.25)Sm_(0.75))_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7) has the lowest Young’s modulus of 213.7 GPa,the largest Possion’s ratio of 0.292,the lowest Debye temperature of 491.8 K and the lowest thermal conductivity.The calculated thermal conductivities of(Gd_(1-x)Sm_(x))_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7) are 1.17-1.21 W/(m·K)by the Clark’s model and 1.32-1.36 W/(m·K)by the Cahall’s model,respectively.The formation energies of O vacancies at 48f site are negative,which increase with the Sm content,however,the formation energies of O vacancies at 8b site are almost invariable.In addition,Sm partly occupying the Gd-site reduces distinctly the formation energies of defects such as A-site vacancies,cation antisite defects,anion Frenkel pairs of oxygen at 8b site and cation interstitials,which suggests that Sm-doped Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7),especially equimolar GdSmZr_(2)O_(7),has a better irradiation tolerance.After the 16 MeVTa-ion irradiation at a fluence of 1×10^(14) or 2×10^(14) ions/cm^(2),the crystal structure of GdSmZr_(2)O_(7) transforms from pyrochlore to a defect fluorite without obvious amorphous phase.

Risk-averse Contextual Multi-armed Bandit Problem with Linear Payoffs

In this paper we consider the contextual multi-armed bandit problem for linear payoffs under a risk-averse criterion.At each round,contexts are revealed for each arm,and the decision maker chooses one arm to pull and receives the corresponding reward.In particular,we consider mean-variance as the risk criterion,and the best arm is the one with the largest mean-variance reward.We apply the Thompson sampling algorithm for the disjoint model,and provide a comprehensive regret analysis for a variant of the proposed algorithm.For T rounds,K actions,and d-dimensional feature vectors,we prove a regret bound of O((1+ρ+1/ρ)d In T ln K/δ√dKT^(1+2∈)ln K/δ1/e)that holds with probability 1-δunder the mean-variance criterion with risk tolerance p,for any 0<ε<1/2,0<δ<1.The empirical performance of our proposed algorithms is demonstrated via a portfolio selection problem.

Circulating nucleic acids as liquid biopsies for disease prediction,screening and diagnosis

Liquid biopsy used molecular information in body liquid to perform early diagnosis,screening,monitoring,prognosis,and treatment of various diseases.Circulating free nucleic acids(cfNA)are important diagnostic biomarkers,providing a window to accurately and immediately observe the body's vital activity status.With the development of gene sequencing technology and bioinformatics technology,genetic,epigenetic,and fragtomics alterations that can be detected in cfDNA,as well as the expression level of miRNA and cf-mRNA can be quantified,this can reflect its tissue origin,gene regulation,genome evolution,and disease pathogenesis.This review focuses on the clinical utility of cfNA in different body liquids(blood,urine,bile),and discusses the diagnostic efficacy and accuracy of cfNA as diagnostic biomarkers in a variety of diseases.Blood is widely used to diagnose various tissue lesions for liquid biopsies as a body fluid circulating throughout the body,reflecting the state of the entire body.Bile and urine,as local circulating body fluids,can better reflect the changing state of tissues around the biliary tract and tissues around the bladder,respectively.In addition,normalized sample preservation,cfNA extraction,and detection procedures will help the practical application of cfNA in the clinic.