Neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis and restore abnormal protein distribution in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain,further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole.Here,we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing,immunostaining,and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution.Additionally,to clarify whether the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-de rived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes,we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knoc kout AP P/PS1mouse model.Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-de rived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels,enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related fa ctors,and inhibit astrocyte activation,but do not suppress amyloid-βproduction.Thus,neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1αsignaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis.In addition,we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease,and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect,indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.

Total flavonoids of Astragalus membranaceus protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis through SLC7A11/GPX-4 signaling pathway

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with no cure.Astragalus membranaceus is used in Chinese culture as a food supplement to boost immunity.The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from A.membranaceus(TFA)and their protective mechanisms.TFA offered neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)in the mouse model of Parkinsonism,by improving behavior performance in the gait analysis and pole test,and inhibiting the decline of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons and TH protein expression in substantia nigra of mice.TFA also prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+)induced neurotoxicity in SHSY5Y cells,by increasing GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio,and reducing reactive oxygen species.In addition,the neuroprotective effects of TFA were associated with its ability to restore MPTP/MPP+induced downregulation of SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX-4).In conclusion,we demonstrated that TFA exerted significant neuroprotection against MPTP/MPP+induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis through the regulation of SLC7A11/GPX-4 axis,suggesting the use of TFA as a possible food supplement in the prevention of PD.

区域教育信息化发展评价模型构建研究

在以评促建的理念下,区域教育信息化发展评价是当下教育变革与建设的重要抓手,它能够有效地促进教育信息化进程,为决策者提供数据支持,从而有效推动教育创新。然而,由于评价指标的繁杂化、评价重点的人文关怀偏移、评价实施细节缺乏理论支持,导致区域教育信息化发展评价常常容易陷入一种实施繁杂与提升困难的双重窘境,从而阻碍教育信息化的推进。为此,基于对教育生态理论的演绎,以生态式的思维方法为主,关注教育系统的平衡性和联动性,从微观、中观和宏观三个层次入手,分别对应课堂信息化教学、校园信息化治理与区域信息化环境构建三大层面,重构整体的区域教育信息化评价模型体系,并分析形成每个层次的关键指标。该评价模型具有彰显区域信息化发展内容特色、激发关键活力并加强共生共赢的特性,对优化区域教育信息化发展的推进与实施策略制定具有一定的参考意义。

发育性和癫痫性脑病遗传学病因及诊疗的研究进展

发育性和癫痫性脑病(developmental and epileptic encephalopathy,DEE)是一组临床和遗传异质的年龄依赖性神经系统疾病,其特征是在婴儿期或儿童早期出现难治性癫痫发作,且受影响的个体有精神运动发育迟缓或倒退。随着二代测序技术的发展,尤其是全外显子测序技术的应用,越来越多的基因被发现与DEE相关。这些发现将为临床工作中DEE致病基因的检测提供依据,同时将有助于加深对DEE发病机制的理解。本文主要对DEE的遗传学病因及诊疗的相关研究进展展开综述,以期帮助临床医生早期识别相关基因突变,从而加快疾病诊断并及时实施最佳治疗。

Analysis of Application Status and Recommendations for Shade-Tolerant Lawns and Ground Cover Plants in the West Lake Scenic Area

Taking 8 parks in Xihu Scenic Area as the survey objects, this study found that there are 77 kinds of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants under the forest in good growth condition, and there are 3 types of application forms: dense forest, sparse forest and forest edge. In response to the existing problems, it is proposed that it is necessary to adhere to principles of ecology, adapt to local conditions and plant suitable varieties in accordance with local conditions, develop and use new varieties of wild shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, and strengthen the promotion of the mixed planting model of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, so as to provide guidance for the better use of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover under the forest in the West Lake Scenic Area in the future.

Prognostic Factors in COVID-19 Pneumonia with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Observational Study

Purpose: To identify prognostic factors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: In this study, we included 45 patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS hospitalized at The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University in Jingzhou, Hubei, China, between January 22, 2020, and March 6, 2020. Clinical data and outcomes were reviewed and analyzed according to the Berlin definition. Findings: Men were more likely to develop severe ARDS than women (11 [91.7%] vs. 1 [8.3%]). Factors associated with severe ARDS included sex (male) (hazard ratio [HR], 13.75;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45 - 130.24), neutrophil count (HR, 55.00;95% CI, 5.02 - 602.15), lymphocyte count (HR, 40.00;95% CI, 4.83 - 331.00), prothrombin time (HR, 12.14;95% CI, 1.19 - 123.62), D-dimer (HR, 11.00;95% CI, 1.16 - 103.94), total bilirubin levels (HR, 5.00;95% CI, 0.93 - 26.79), albumin (HR, 17.5;95% CI, 2.67 - 114.85), blood urea nitrogen levels (HR, 28.60;95% CI, 2.89 - 283.06), lactate dehydrogenase levels (HR, 6.00;95% CI, 1.17 - 30.73), and C-reactive protein levels (HR, 15.87;95% CI, 2.40 - 111.11). Conclusion: Laboratory indicators, such as neutrophil count and lymphocyte count, could play an important role in the diagnosis of severe ARDS and guide clinical decision-making for patients with ARDS.

Study on HPLC Fingerprint and Simultaneous Determination of Three Active Components of Dipsaci Radix Collected in Different Time

[Objectives] To establish methods of HPLC fingerprint and simultaneous determination of the three bioactive components(namely, asperosaponin VI, loganin and sweroside) of Dipsaci Radix, and explore the quality situation of this crude medicine collected in various months in autumn. [Methods] The analysis was performed on Thermo BDS Hypersil C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column with a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid as mobile phase in gradient mood at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was set at 30 ℃, and the detection wavelength was 220 nm. [Results] The analysis methods for HPLC fingerprint and determination of the three components in Dipsaci Radix had been established. The results showed that 12 batches of samples, which were collected in four different places from September to November, possessed the similarities of greater than 0.976. Through the quantitative analysis of asperosaponin VI, loganin and sweroside in Dipsaci Radix, it was found that the quality variation of this herbal medicine and the different collected months of autumn showed a low correlation. [Conclusions] The established methods of HPLC characteristic fingerprint and simultaneous determination of three glycosides provided a new way for quality analysis of Dipsaci Radix. It was preliminarily indicated that collecting this plant medicine in different months of autumn would not affect its quality.

Artemisiae Argyi Folium and its geo-authentic crude drug qi ai

Objective:To comprehensively review the literature relating to the use of Artemisiae Argyi Folium (AAF;the dried leaf of Artemisia argyi Lévl.et Vant.from the Asteraceae family),and qi ai (AAF grown in Qichun County and the adjacent areas in Hubei Province,China) in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.Furthermore,this study aimed to give results of the contents determination of three bioactive components in qi ai and AAF.Methods:The literature was reviewed to acquire relevant information regarding the quality and application of AAF and qi ai.In addition,the contents of the bioactive components (essential oil,total flavonoids and tannins) were determined in 29 AAF samples collected from China and Korea using the methods in the Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015) or determined by our experiments.Results:The dried leaf of A.argyi Lévl.et Vant.from the Asteraceae family is a mainstream commodity of AAF.Qi ai is a commercial type of AAF well-known for its good quality,which has been recorded in Chinese ancient literature.Modern research has showed that more intense heat with stronger penetration was generated in moxibustion therapy when qi ai moxa stick was burnt compared with general moxa stick,which led to a better curative effect.Our research also showed that the contents of essential oil,total flavonoids and tannin in qi ai were significantly higher than those of general AAF samples.Conclusion:The superior quality of qi ai compared with general AAF may be due to relatively higher contents of bioactive components.This study provides basic information for further study and utilization of AAF and qi ai.

Effects of Fertilization and Transplantation in the Neighbouring Area on Quality of Artemisia argyi Leaf

[Objectives]To make a preliminary study of the effects of the fertilizer application and transplantation from Qichun County,Hubei Province,China,to neighbouring area on the chemical substance contents and moxa yield of Artemisia argyi leaf in Qichun(AALQ).[Methods]The content of the total flavonoids in AALQ was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with apigenin as reference substance.The contents of volatile oil and tannins were determined by the methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).The moxa yield was detected by the self-developed method of grinding and sifting with high-speed pulverizer.[Results]Whether applying cake fertilizer,or compound fertilizer after applying barnyard manure,the contents of total flavonoids and tannins in AALQ were reduced in varying degrees,and the content of volatile oil was changed,which had adversely affect the accumulation of effective substances in the leaves of medicinal A.argyi as a whole.The contents of related chemical substances and moxa yield of A.argyi planted in the neighbouring Xishui County from Qichun,Hubei Province were relatively high.[Conclusions]The contents of effective substances and moxa yield of AALQ were significantly reduced as a whole when applied fertilizer in planting,especially after the application of barnyard manure,compound fertilizer was added.The quality of A.argyi leaf would not be adversely affected if it was transplanted from Qichun County,Hubei Province,which is the genuine producing area,to nearby areas with similar ecological environment.

Effects of China-Germany Follow Up Systems on Ventilator Therapy in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Objective:To investigate the effects of different follow-up systems in China and Germany on ventilator therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Method:From March 2013 to October 2015,three hundred patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and those who are suitable for ventilator treatment were followed up according to the follow-up system of both China and Germany.The follow-up was carried out for one year to compare the rate of loss to follow-up,ventilator therapy compliance,treatment effect,ventilator side effects and others in the two groups of patients.Statistical analysis was performed using x2 test,P<0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.Results:The rate of loss to follow-up in the German group was lower than that in the Chinese group.The compliance of the German group with respiratory therapy was lower than that of the Chinese group.The side effects of ventilator treatment were lower than those in the Chinese group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The German follow-up system is more effective than the Chinese follow-up system in improving the compliance and effectiveness of ventilator therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The Comparison of Clinical analysis of Chinese and German Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Objective:To compare the sex ratio,age distribution,severity of the illness,comorbidities,and the treatment of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in China and Germany.Methods:A retrospective study of the data was conducted,and a total of 200 patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Germany and China from March 2013 to October 2015 were analyzed.The sex ratio,age distribution,severity of the illness,comorbidities and treatment methods were analyzed.Results:There was no significant difference in the severity of disease,sex ratio,and age distribution between the patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in China and Germany(P>0.05).In terms of comorbidities,the combination of moderate and severe patients in the German group,compared with the moderate and severe patients in the Chinese group,except for cerebrovascular disease,the comorbidities were less than those in the Chinese group(P<0.05),the difference was statistically significant.In terms of treatment,the patients in the German group were compared with the patients in the Chinese group with light,moderate,and severe patients.Except for the German patients who received oral appliances and surgical treatment,more patients were treated than Chinese patients(P<0.05),the difference is statistically significant.Conclusion:The two country(Germany and China)are basically the same in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,but Germany pays more attention to details and individualization in treatment.

Multiphasic bone-ligament-bone integrated scaffold enhances ligamentization and graft-bone integration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

The escalating prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries in sports necessitates innovative strategies for ACL reconstruction.In this study,we propose a multiphasic bone-ligament-bone(BLB)integrated scaffold as a potential solution.The BLB scaffold comprised two polylactic acid(PLA)/deferoxamine(DFO)@mesoporous hydroxyapatite(MHA)thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)scaffolds bridged by silk fibroin(SF)/connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)@Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PLCL)nanofiber yarn braided scaffold.This combination mimics the native architecture of the ACL tissue.The mechanical properties of the BLB scaffolds were determined to be compatible with the human ACL.In vitro experiments demonstrated that CTGF induced the expression of ligament-related genes,while TIPS scaffolds loaded with MHA and DFO enhanced the osteogenic-related gene expression of bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs)and promoted the migration and tubular formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).In rabbit models,the BLB scaffold efficiently facilitated ligamentization and graft-bone integration processes by providing bioactive substances.The double delivery of DFO and calcium ions by the BLB scaffold synergistically promoted bone regeneration,while CTGF improved collagen formation and ligament healing.Collectively,the findings indicate that the BLB scaffold exhibits substantial promise for ACL reconstruction.Additional investigation and advancement of this scaffold may yield enhanced results in the management of ACL injuries.

Tunable quantum dots in monolithic Fabry-Perot microcavities for high-performance single-photon sources

Cavity-enhanced single quantum dots(QDs)are the main approach towards ultra-high-performance solid-state quantum light sources for scalable photonic quantum technologies.Nevertheless,harnessing the Purcell effect requires precise spectral and spatial alignment of the QDs’emission with the cavity mode,which is challenging for most cavities.Here we have successfully integrated miniaturized Fabry-Perot microcavities with a piezoelectric actuator,and demonstrated a bright single-photon source derived from a deterministically coupled QD within this microcavity.Leveraging the cavity-membrane structures,we have achieved large spectral tunability via strain tuning.On resonance,a high Purcell factor of~9 is attained.The source delivers single photons with simultaneous high extraction efficiency of 0.58,high purity of 0.956(2)and high indistinguishability of 0.922(4).Together with its compact footprint,our scheme facilitates the scalable integration of indistinguishable quantum light sources on-chip,therefore removing a major barrier to the development of solid-state quantum information platforms based on QDs.

Insight the long-term biodegradable Mg-RE-Sr alloy for orthopaedics implant via friction stir processing

Magnesium alloys,noted for their substantial mechanical strength and exceptional biocompatibility,are increasingly being considered for use in biodegradable implants.However,their rapid degradation and significant hydrogen release have limited their applications in orthopaedics.In this study,a novel Mg-RE-Sr alloy was created by friction stir processing to modify its microstructure and enhance its degradation performance.Through microstructural characterization,the friction stir processing effectively refined the grains,accelerated the re-dissolution of precipitates,and ensured a uniform distribution of these phases.The processed alloy demonstrated improved comprehensive properties,with an in vitro corrosion rate of approximately 0.4 mm/y and increases in ultimate tensile strength and elongation by 37%and 166%,respectively.Notably,in vivo experiments involving a rat subcutaneous implantation model revealed a slower degradation rate of 0.09 mm/y and a uniform degradation process,basically achieving the requirements for ideal performance in orthopaedic applications.The superior degradation characteristics were attributed to the synergistic effect of attenuated galvanic corrosion and the formation of a dense Y(OH)3/Y2O3 film induced by an exceptional microstructure with a highly solid-soluted matrix and uniformly refined precipitates.Meanwhile,the alloys exhibited excellent biocompatibility and did not cause undesirable inflammation or produce toxic degradation products.These improvements in biocompatibility and degradation characteristics indicate great promise for the use of this friction stir processed alloy in osteosynthesis systems in the clinical setting.

Glibenclamide pretreatment attenuates early hematoma expansion of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage in rats by alleviating perihematomal blood-brain barrier dysfunction

Background Hematoma expansion is a determinant of poor outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage but occurs frequently,especially in warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage(W-ICH).In the present study,we employ the warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage(W-ICH)rat model,to explore the efficacy and potential mechanism of glibenclamide pretreatment on hematoma expansion after intracerebral hemorrhage,hoping to provide proof of concept that glibenclamide in stroke primary and secondary prevention is also potentially beneficial for intracerebral hemorrhage patients at early stage.Methods In the present study,we tested whether glibenclamide,a common hypoglycemic drug,could attenuate hematoma expansion in a rat model of W-ICH.Hematoma expansion was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging;brain injury was evaluated by brain edema and neuronal death;and functional outcome was evaluated by neurological scores.Then blood-brain barrier integrity was assessed using Evans blue extravasation and tight junction-related protein.Results The data indicated that glibenclamide pretreatment significantly attenuated hematoma expansion at 24 h after W-ICH,thus mitigating brain edema and neuronal death and promoting neurological function recovery,which may benefit from alleviating blood-brain barrier disruption by suppressing matrix metallopeptidase-9.Conclusions The results indicate that glibenclamide pretreatment in stroke primary and secondary prevention might be a promising therapy for hematoma expansion at the early stage of W-ICH.

Association between ICU quality and in-hospital mortality of V-V ECMO-supported patients—the ECMO quality improvement action(EQIA)study:a national cohort study in China from 2017 to 2019

This cohort study was performed to explore the influence of intensive care unit(ICU)quality on in-hospital mortality of veno-venous(V-V)extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)-supported patients in China.The study involved all V-V ECMO-supported patients in 318 of 1700 tertiary hospitals from 2017 to 2019,using data from the National Clinical Improvement System and China National Critical Care Quality Control Center.ICU quality was assessed by quality control indicators and capacity parameters.Among the 2563 V-V ECMO-supported patients in 318 hospitals,a significant correlation was found between ECMO-related complications and prognosis.The reintubation rate within 48 hours after extubation and the total ICU mortality rate were independent risk factors for higher in-hospital mortality of V-V ECMO-supported patients(cutoff:1.5%and 7.0%;95%confidence interval:1.05–1.48 and 1.04–1.45;odds ratios:1.25 and 1.23;P=0.012 and P=0.015,respectively).Meanwhile,the V-V ECMO center volume was a protective factor(cutoff of≥50 cases within the 3-year study period;95%confidence interval:0.57–0.83,odds ratio:0.69,P=0.0001).The subgroup analysis of 864 patients in 11 high-volume centers further strengthened these findings.Thus,ICU quality may play an important role in improving the prognosis of V-V ECMO-supported patients.

Electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction cooperative nanochaperone regulates protein folding

Natural molecular chaperones utilize spatially ordered multiple molecular forces to effectively regulate protein folding.However,synthesis of such molecules is a big challenge.The concept of“aggregate science”provides insights to construct chemical entities(aggregates)beyond molecular levels to mimic both the structure and function of natural chaperone.Inspired by this concept,herein we fabricate a novel multi-interaction(i.e.,electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction)cooperative nanochaperone(multi-co-nChap)to regulating protein folding.This multi-co-nChap is fabricated by rationally introducing electrostatic interactions to the surface(corona)and confined hydrophobic microdomains(shell)of traditional single-hydrophobic interaction nanochaperone.We demonstrate that the corona electrostatic attraction facilitates the diffusion of clients into the hydrophobic microdomains,while the shell electrostatic interaction balances the capture and release of clients.By finely synergizing corona electrostatic attraction with shell electrostatic repulsion and hydrophobic interaction,the optimized multi-co-nChap effectively facilitated de novo folding of nascent polypeptides.Moreover,the synergy between corona electrostatic attraction,shell electrostatic attraction and shell hydrophobic interaction significantly enhanced the capability of multi-co-nChap to protect native proteins from denaturation at harsh temperatures.This work provides important insights for understanding and design of nanochaperone,which is a kind of ordered aggregate with chaperone-like activity that beyond the level of single molecule.

Instant trachea reconstruction using 3D-bioprinted C-shape biomimetic trachea based on tissue-specific matrix hydrogels

Currently,3D-bioprinting technique has emerged as a promising strategy to offer native-like tracheal substitutes for segmental trachea reconstruction.However,there has been very limited breakthrough in tracheal repair using 3D-bioprinted biomimetic trachea owing to the lack of ideal bioinks,the requirement for precise structural biomimicking,and the complexity of multi-step surgical procedures by mean of intramuscular pre-implantation.Herein,we propose a one-step surgical technique,namely direct end-to-end anastomosis using C-shape 3D-bioprinted biomimetic trachea,for segmental trachea defect repair.First,two types of tissue-specific matrix hydrogels were exploited to provide mechanical and biological microenvironment conducive to the specific growth ways of cartilage and fibrous tissue respectively.In contrast to our previous O-shape tracheal design,the tubular structure of alternating C-shape cartilage rings and connecting vascularized-fibrous-tissue rings was meticulously designed for rapid 3D-bioprinting of tracheal constructs with optimal printing paths and models.Furthermore,in vivo trachea regeneration in nude mice showed satisfactory mechanical adaptability and efficient physiological regeneration.Finally,in situ segmental trachea reconstruction by direct end-to-end anastomosis in rabbits was successfully achieved using 3D-bioprinted C-shape biomimetic trachea.This study demonstrates the potential of advanced 3D-bioprinting for instant and efficient repair of segmental trachea defects.

Hippocampal sclerosis in women with temporal lobe epilepsy:seizure and pregnancy outcomes

Background Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis(TLE-HS)is typically resistant to pharmacological interventions;however,achieving seizure freedom is possible through surgery.Our objective was to focus on the pregnancy and seizure outcomes during pregnancy of women with TLE-HS,and aim to identify predictors of seizure control.Methods The West China Registry of Pregnancy of Women with Epilepsy(WCPR_EPi)was a monocentric prospective cohort study of women with epilepsy(WWE).We screened women with TLE-HS in this database.Their clinical profile,anti-seizure medication(ASM)use,and pregnancy outcomes were extracted from the records of the registry(2010–2023).Results Out of 2320 WWE followed up,47 pregnancies in women with TLE-HS were identified and analyzed.Seizure exacerbation occurred in 40.4%of pregnancies,and seizure freedom was present in 34.0%of these during pregnancy.Factors associated with seizure exacerbation during pregnancy was ASM non-adherence(odds ratio[OR]=7.00,95%confidence interval[CI]1.43–34.07,P=0.016).The surgery group showed a significantly higher seizure freedom rate(OR=6.87,95%CI 1.02–46.23,P=0.016)and lower rate of induced labor(0.0%vs 26.5%,P=0.047)compared to the medically-treated group alone.Caesarean section was chosen in 77.1%of cases due to seizure concerns,with comparable in epilepsy-related(n=20)and obstetric causes(n=24).No major congenital malformations were reported.Conclusions Surgical treatment before pregnancy appears to offer a higher chance of seizure freedom compared to medication alone.Most of women with TLE-HS can deliver healthy offspring regardless of suboptimal seizure control and unwarranted concerns.

D53 represses rice blast resistance by directly targeting phenylalanine ammonia lyases

Phytohormones play important roles in orchestrating plantimmune responses to pathogen attacks.Strigolactones(SLs),a group of carotenoid-derived phytohormones,modulate diverse biological processes in plants,including shoot branching,plant height,root architecture,leaf senescence,seed germination of parasitic plants,and symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Burger and Chory,2020).Recently,increasing evidence has indicated potential roles for SLs in regulating responses against biotic stresses,including defense responses against certain pathogenic fungi and bacteria in roots and leaves(Yi et al.,2023).