A 256 Gb/s electronic−photonic monolithically integrated transceiver in 45 nm CMOS

With the explosive development of artificial intelligence(AI),machine learning(ML),and high-performance comput-ing(HPC),the ever-growing data movement is asking for high density interconnects with higher bandwidth(BW),lower power and lower latency[1−3].The optical I/O leverages silicon photonic(SiPh)technology to enable high-density large-scale integrated photonics.

PZT photonic materials and devices platform

Ferroelectric materials are increasingly garnering substantial interest due to their potential applications in optical communication,optical computing,and sensing,among others.This surge in attention is largely due to recent advancements in the fabrication of high-quality thin films,the precision of domain engineering,and their strong compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor(CMOS)processes.

Photoactivated Circularly Polarized Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Phenoselenazine Derivative and Its Application in Information Security

Room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have experienced rapid development due to their potential in organic light-emitting diode,information security,bioimaging,etc.However,the design of chiral organic phosphors with circularly polarized RTP(CPP)property remains a formidable challenge.Here,we introduce a chiral perturbation approach using a combination of chiral binaphthol and phenoselenazine derivative to achieve CPP.The photoactivated CPP in polystyrene(PS)film demonstrates a luminescence dissymmetry factor(glum),emission efficiency,and RTP lifetime up to 9.32×10^(–3),27.0%,and 40.0 ms,respectively.The remarkable sensitivity of PS film to oxygen and temperature enables the adjustable emission colors,ranging from green to offwhite and blue under varying conditions.The doping systems,utilizing hosts of triphenylphosphine and 9-phenylcarbazole,demonstrate an extended CPP lifetime of 85.9 ms and exhibit a persistent mechanoluminescence property with low pressure response threshold as low as 0.15 N.The information security provided by this CPP material was attained via the using of diverse emission colors and afterglow generated by distinct UV irradiation times and host materials.Alternately,it can also be achieved by observing different emission patterns using R-and L-polarizer.The research has presented a reliable approach for producing CPP materials with high emission efficiency and glum.

4×112 Gb/s hybrid integrated silicon receiver based on photonic-electronic co-design

A 4×112 Gb/s hybrid-integrated optical receiver is demonstrated based on the silicon-photonic vertical p-i-n photodetector and silicon–germanium transimpedance amplifier.We propose a photonic-electronic co-design technique to optimize both the device-level and system-level performance,based on the end-to-end equivalent circuit model of the receiver.Continuous-time linear equalization and shunt peaking are employed to enhance the frequency response.Experimental results reveal that the optical-to-electrical 3-dB bandwidth of the receiver is 48 GHz.Clear open NRZ eye diagrams at56 Gb/s and PAM-4 eye diagrams at 112 Gb/s are achieved without an equalizer in the oscilloscope.The measured bit error rates for 56 Gb/s in NRZ and 112 Gb/s in PAM-4 reach 1×10^(-12)and 2.4×10^(-4)(KP4-FEC:forward error correction)thresholds under-4 dBm input power,respectively.Furthermore,the proposed receiver boasts a power consumption of approximately2.2 pJ/bit,indicating an energy efficient solution for data center traffic growth.

聚集诱导发光

聚集诱导发光(AIE)是唐本忠院士于2001年提出的一个科学概念,是指一类在溶液中不发光或者发光微弱的分子聚集后发光显著增强的现象。高效固态发光的AIE材料有望从根本上解决有机发光材料面临的聚集导致发光猝灭难题,具有重大的实际应用价值。从分子内旋转受限到分子内运动受限,从聚集诱导发光到聚集体科学,AIE领域已经取得了许多原创性的成果。在本综述中,我们从AIE材料的分类、机理、概念衍生、性能、应用和挑战等方面讨论了AIE领域最近取得的显著进展。希望本综述能激发更多关于分子聚集体的研究,并推动材料、化学和生物医学等学科的进一步交叉融合和更大发展。

Different molecular conformation and packing determining mechanochromism and room-temperature phosphorescence

The phenomenon that different molecular packing modes in aggregates result in different optical properties has attracted intense attention,since it can provide useful information to establish the relationship between the micro-and macro-world.In this paper,DBTDO-DMAC was designed with 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine(DMAC)as electron donor.DBTDO-DPA and DBTDO-Cz were designed for comparison,which adopted diphenylamine(DPA)with twisted structure and carbazole(Cz)with planar structure as donors,respectively.As expected,two polymorphs(Crystal G and Crystal Y)of DBTDO-DMAC were obtained and exhibited distinct properties.Crystal G originating from planar conformation exhibited mechanochromism(MC)phenomenon and the emission color changed from green to yellow with a redshift of 35 nm after grinding.Nevertheless,Crystal Y with folded conformation displayed obvious room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)with yellow afterglow.Careful single crystal analyses,powder X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculation reveal that the different emissive behaviors are highly related to the molecular conformation and packing modes.The successful adjustment of molecular conformation provides some guidance in the design of other MC and/or RTP luminogens,broadens the molecule family with the tunable molecular conformation and opens up a new avenue for exploring possible adjustment of molecular packing in aggregates.

A carbon-oxygen-bridged ladder-type building block for efficient donor and acceptor materials used in organic solar cells

A carbon-oxygen-bridged ladder-type donor unit （CO5） was invented and prepared via an ＂intramolecu- lar demethanolization cyclization＂ approach. Its single crystal structure indicates enhanced planarity compared with the carbon-bridged analogue indacenodithiophene （IDT）. Owing to the stronger electron-donating capability of CO5 than IDT, CO5-based donor and acceptor materials show narrower bandgaps. A donor-acceptor （D-A） copolymer donor （PCO5TPD） and an A-D-A nonfullerene acceptor （COSIC） demonstrated higher performance than IDT-based counterparts, PIDTTPD and IDTIC, respec-tively. The better performance of CO5-based materials results from their stronger light-harvesting capability and higher charge-carrier mobilities.

Metal cation substitution of halide perovskite nanocrystals

Recent years have seen a rapid development of lead halide perovskite(LHP)nanocrystals(NCs)as new and promising functional nanomaterials,which exhibit strong potential in a wide range of optoelectronic applications due to their superior properties and solution-processable advantages.However,to promote their progress in commercialization,overcoming the drawbacks of intrinsic lead toxicity and optimizing material performance are important and must be solved using alternative metal ions to replace Pb ions.In this review,we primarily summarize the recent development of lead-substitution strategies,which focus on the commonalities and differences of their functionalities that are induced by various doped ions.After a brief introduction to the synthesis,nucleation and growth of all-inorganic LHP NCs,a deep discussion of the crystalline structure,electronic band structure,defect states,exciton binding energy,exciton photodynamic process and stability is followed.Specifically,we highlight the importance of both theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations to establish indicative guidelines for high-performance semiconductor nanomaterials.Finally,the light emission applications are discussed,and several issues concerning future research on the controllable synthesis of halide perovskite NCs with low toxicity,superior reproducibility and properties are outlined.

How temperature and hydrostatic pressure impact organic room temperature phosphorescence from H-aggregation of planar triarylboranes and the application in bioimaging

Highly efficient persistent organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP) has attracted increasing attention because of promising applications in fields of chemical sensors, optoelectronic devices, information security, and bioimaging, etc. Wherein,the crystal engineering of H-aggregation offers stabilization for long-lived triplet exciton for RTP, but the related research is rare because of the scarcity of ideal phosphorescent H-aggregate. Herein, we designed planar tricoordinate organoboron derivatives with molecular arrangement in ideal H-aggregation. The integration of Br atom can largely enhance RTP efficiency through increasing SOC effect, while the antiparallel molecular arrangement causes annihilation of triplet exciton. Thanks to good selfassembly property, their RTP can even be observed in PMMA matrix with doping ratio of merely 1 wt%. We further found that the cryogenic temperature contributes to stabilizing triplet exciton in H-aggregation, leading to red-shifted phosphorescence. By applying high hydrostatic pressure, the phosphorescence was largely enhanced and redshifted, demonstrating the crucial role of H-aggregation on RTP property. In phosphorescent tissue imaging of live mouse, nanoparticles of BrBA exhibited high contrast image via eliminating the interference of autofluorescence.

Utilizing Electroplex Emission to Achieve External Quantum Efficiency up to 18.1% in Nondoped Blue OLED

For the first time,electroplex emission is utilized to enhance the performance of nondoped blue organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).By decorating the twisted blue-emitting platform and adjusting the electronic structure,three molecules of 3Cz-Ph-CN,3Cz-mPh-CN,and 3Ph-Cz-CN with a donor-acceptor structure are synthesized and investigated.When external voltage is applied,electroplex emission,which contributes to the emission performance of OLED,can be realized at the interface between the emitting layer and the electron-transporting layer.Accordingly,high external quantum efficiency of 18.1%can be achieved,while the emission wavelength of the device can be controlled in the blue region.Our results provide the possibility to enhance the performance of OLED through electroplex emission,in addition to the generally investigated thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF).Excitedly,when 3Ph-Cz-CN is used as host material in orange-emitting phosphorous OLEDs(PO-01 as the dopant),unprecedented high external quantum efficiency of 27.4%can also be achieved.

Blue AIEgens bearing triphenylethylene peripheral:adjustable intramolecular conjugation and good device performance

The new approaches to construct deep blue aggregation-induced emission （ALE） materials have been explored, which control the conjugation by two different strategies, to make a great step for the commercialization of organic light-emitting diodes. In order to shorten the intramolecular conjugation length, triphenylethylene （tPE） was utilized to construct blue AIEgens as peripheral groups, instead of tetraphenylethylene （TPE）, the famous AIE star molecule, to yield three blue AIEgens of 3,4-BtPE-PI, 4,4- BtPE-PI and 4,4-BtPE-PPI. Nondoped electroluminescence devices are fabricated by using these three AIEgens as the emitting material layer, the best performance of 3.8 cd/A as the maximum current efficiency achieved at the commission internationale de l＇Eclairage coordinates of （0.17, 0.18）.

New perylene diimide derivatives: stable red emission, adjustable property from ACQ to AIE, and good device performance with an EQE value of 4.93%

Perylene diimide （PDI） derivatives, due to their special opto-electronic property, have been successfully utilized in organic field-effect transistor （OFET）, solar cells, and as non-fullerene acceptor and others, while few cases in organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs）. In this work, six perylene bisimide-based red emitters, N＇N＇-bis（2-decyltetradecyl）-1-（[1,1′：3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl）perylene-3,4,9,10-diimide （STPH）, N＇N＇-bis（2-decyltetradecyl）-1,7-bis（[1,1′：3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl）perylene-3,4,9,10-diimide （DTPH）, N,N＇- bis（2-decyltetradecyl）-1-（5′-phenyl-[1,1′：3′,1″-terphenyl]-4-yl）perylene-3,4,9,10-diimide （STRPH）, N,N′- bis（2-decyltetradecyl）-1,7-bis（5′-phenyl-[ 1 ,1′：3′,1＂-terphenyll-4-yl）perylene-3,4,9,10-diimide （DTRPH）, N,N′-bis（2-decyltetradecyl）-1-（4-（2,2-diphenylvinyl）phenyl）perylene-3,4,9,10-diimide/STTPE） and N,N＇- bis（2-decyltetradecyl）-1,7-bis（4-（2,2-diphenykvinyl）phenyl）perylene-3,4,9,10-diimide （DTTPE）, with the excellent chemical, thermal and photo-chemical stability, are synthesized through the convenient Suzuki coupling reaction, in which, the fluorescent properties can be modified easily from ACQ to AIE by just simply changing the bulky volume of the introduced aromatic substituents. After being fabricated into organic light-emitting diodes, STRPH exhibits the best performance with the maximum luminescence, power efficiency, current efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 1,948 cd m-2, 2.04lm W-1, 5.85 cd A-1, 4.93% at Commission Internationale de L＇Eclairage （CIE） coordinates of （0.56, 0.34）, as the result of the high efficient energy transfer and good energy match achieved in the device.

Aggregation-induced emission:Red and near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes

Red and near-infrared(NIR)organic light-emitting diodes(OLED)have gained remarkable interest due to their numerous applications.However,the construction of highly emissive emitters is hampered by the energy-gap law and aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)effect.Whereas,aggregationinduced emission(AIE)materials could avoid the undesirable ACQ effect and emit bright light in aggregated state,which is one class of the most promising materials to fabricate high-performance OLED with a high external quantum efficiency and low efficiency roll-off.This review summarizes recent advances in red and NIR OLED with AIE property,including the traditional fluorescence,thermally activated delayed fluorescence,and hybridized local and charge transfer compounds.Meanwhile,the emphasis attention is paid to the molecular design principles,as well as the molecular structure-photophysical characteristics.We also briefly further outlook the challenges and perspective of red and NIR AIE luminogens.

Hot spots engineering by dielectric support for enhanced photocatalytic redox reactions

Regulating the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)of metallic nanostructures is of great interests for optical and catalytic applications,however,it is still a great challenge for tuning SPR features of small metallic nanoparticles(<10 nm).In this work,we design a unique dielectric support-urchin-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles(U-SiO_(2))with ordered long spikes on its surface,which can well enhance the SPR properties of~3 nm gold nanocrystals(AuNCs).The U-SiO_(2)not only realizes the uniform self-assembly of AuNCs,but also prevents their aggregation due to the unique confinement effect.The finite-difference time-domain simulations show that the AuNCs on U-SiO_(2)can generate plasmonic hot spots with highly enhanced electromagnetic field.Moreover,the hot electrons can be effectively and rapidly transferred through the interface junction to TiO_(2).Thus,a high visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity can be observed,which is 3.8 times higher than that of smooth photocatalysts.The concept of dielectric supports engineering provides a new strategy for tuning SPR of small metallic nanocrystals towards the development of advanced plasmon-based applications.