Residual fluoride self-activated effect enabling upgraded utilization of recycled graphite anode

Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure and performance.Herein,the residual fluoride self-activated effect is proposed for the upgraded utilization of RG.Simple and low-energy water immersion treatment not only widens the interlayer spacing,but also retains appropriate fluoride on the surface of RG.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the residual fluoride can optimize Li~+migration and deposition kinetics,resulting in better Li~+intercalation/deintercalation in the interlayer and more stable Li metal plating/stripping on the surface of RG,As a result,the designed LFP||RG full cells achieve ultrahigh reversibility(~100%Coulombic efficiency),high capacity retention(67%after 200 cycles,0.85 N/P ratio),and commendable adaptability(stable cycling without short-circuiting,0.15 N/P ratio).The energy density is improved from 334 Wh kg^(-1)of 1.1 N/P ratio to 367 Wh kg^(-1)of 0.85 N/P ratio(total mass based on cathode and anode).The exploration of RG by residual fluoride self-activated effect achieves upgraded utilization beyond fresh commercial graphite and highlights a new strategy for efficient reuse of SLIBs.

Corrigendum to“First demonstration of improving laser propagation inside the spherical hohlraums by using the cylindrical laser entrance hole”[Matter Radiation Extremes 1(1)(2016)2-7]

Corrigendum Text:On page 2 of this letter,there is a misprint in the unit.The unit of the geometrical dimension of the spherical hohlraums on this page should always be“mm”rather than“mm”,i.e.in the second paragraph,“…with 800 J per beam at 0.35 mm…”should be“…with 800 J per beam at 0.35 mm…”,“The slit of 400 mm width is parallel…”should be“The slit of 400 mm width is parallel…”,“The laser focal diameter is about 500 mm…”should be“The laser focal diameter is about 500 mm…”;in the third paragraph,“…we take 850 mm as the radius…”should be“…we take 850 mm as the radius…”,“The LEH radius R_(L) is 400 mm…”should be“The LEH radius R_(L) is 400 mm…”,“…the radius of the cylindrical LEH outer ring is taken as 1.5 R_(L)=600 mm”should be“…the radius of the cylindrical LEH outer ring is taken as 1.5 R_(L)=600 mm”.This mistake does not affect any of the main results of the original letter.

First experimental comparisons of laser-plasma interactions between spherical and cylindrical hohlraums at SGⅢ laser facility

We present our recent laser-plasmas instability(LPI)comparison experiment at the SGIII laser facility between the spherical and cylindrical hohlraums.Three kinds of filling are considered:vacuum,gas-filling with or without a capsule inside.A spherical hohlraum of 3.6 mm in diameter,and a cylindrical hohlraum of 2.4 mm?4.3 mm are used.The capsule diameter is 0.96 mm.A flat-top laser pulse with 3 ns duration and up to 92.73 kJ energy is used.The experiment has shown that the LPI level in the spherical hohlraum is close to that of the outer beam in the cylindrical hohlraum,while much lower than that of the inner beam.The experiment is further simulated by using our 2-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic code LARED-Integration,and the laser back-scattering fraction and the stimulated Raman scatter(SRS)spectrum are post-processed by the high efficiency code of laser interaction with plasmas HLIP.According to the simulation,the plasma waves are strongly damped and the SRS is mainly developed at the plasma conditions of electron density from 0.08 n_(c) to 0.1 n_(c) and electron temperature from 1.5 keV to 2.0 keV inside the hohlraums.However,obvious differences between the simulation and experiment are found,such as that the SRS back-scattering is underestimated,and the numerical SRS spectrum peaks at a larger wavelength and at a later time than the data.These dif-ferences indicate that the development of a 3D radiation hydrodynamic code,with more accurate physics models,is mandatory for spherical hohlraum study.

First demonstration of improving laser propagation inside the spherical hohlraums by using the cylindrical laser entrance hole

The octahedral spherical hohlraums have natural superiority in maintaining high radiation symmetry during the entire capsule implosion process in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion.While,in contrast to the cylindrical hohlraums,the narrow space between the laser beams and the spherical hohlraum wall is usually commented.In this Letter,we address this crucial issue and report our experimental work conducted on the SGIII-prototype laser facility which unambiguously demonstrates that a simple design of cylindrical laser entrance hole(LEH)can dramatically improve the laser propagation inside the spherical hohlraums.In addition,the laser beam deflection in the hohlraum is observed for the first time in the experiments.Our 2-dimensional simulation results also verify qualitatively the advantages of the spherical hohlraums with cylindrical LEHs.Our results imply the prospect of adopting the cylindrical LEHs in future spherical ignition hohlraum design.

A terahertz on-chip InP-based power combiner designed using coupled-grounded coplanar waveguide lines

This article presents the design and performance of a terahertz on-chip coupled-grounded coplanar waveguide(GCPW)power combiner using a 50μm-thick InP process.The proposed topology uses two coupled-GCPW lines at the end of the input port to substitute two quarter-wavelength GCPW lines,which is different from the conventional Wilkinson power combiner and can availably minimize the coverage area.According to the results obtained,for the frequency range of 210-250 GHz,the insertion losses for each two-way combiner and four-way combiner were lower than 1.05 dB and1.35 dB,respectively,and the in-band return losses were better than 11 dB.Moreover,the proposed on-chip GCPW-based combiners achieved a compromise in low-loss,broadband,and small-size,which can find wide applications in terahertz bands,such as power amplifiers and signal distribution networks.

A 16-QAM 45-Gbps 7-m Wireless Link Using InP HEMT LNA and GaAs SBD Mixers at 220-GHz-Band

This paper presents a 220-GHz-band 7-m wireless link with a 45-Gbps transmission data rate by using 16 quadrature amplitude modulation(16-QAM).Super-heterodyne transceiver modules are developed for transmission and reception of the modulated signals,which consist of a Schottky barrier diodes(SBD)based sub-harmonic mixer(SHM),an InP HEMT low noise amplifier(LNA),a waveguide band-pass filter(BPF),and a 108-GHz local oscillator(LO)multiplier chain.The transmitter features a peak transmit power of 1.41 dBm,and the IF frequency varies from 5 GHz to 20 GHz.Besides,the receiver features a conversion gain of 9.3 dB in average and a noise temperature of 3052.8 K.The measured results indicate that the transceiver modules enable data transmission of a 45-Gbps 16-QAM signal with Signal-Noise-Ratio(SNR)from 11.59 dB to 15.36 dB in a 7-m line-of-sight channel.

Progress in octahedral spherical hohlraum study

In this paper,we give a review of our theoretical and experimental progress in octahedral spherical hohlraum study.From our theoretical study,the octahedral spherical hohlraums with 6 Laser Entrance Holes(LEHs)of octahedral symmetry have robust high symmetry during the capsule implosion at hohlraum-to-capsule radius ratio larger than 3.7.In addition,the octahedral spherical hohlraums also have potential superiority on low backscattering without supplementary technology.We studied the laser arrangement and constraints of the octahedral spherical hohlraums,and gave a design on the laser arrangement for ignition octahedral hohlraums.As a result,the injection angle of laser beams of 50°-60°was proposed as the optimum candidate range for the octahedral spherical hohlraums.We proposed a novel octahedral spherical hohlraum with cylindrical LEHs and LEH shields,in order to increase the laser coupling efficiency and improve the capsule symmetry and to mitigate the influence of the wall blowoff on laser transport.We studied on the sensitivity of the octahedral spherical hohlraums to random errors and compared the sensitivity among the octahedral spherical hohlraums,the rugby hohlraums and the cylindrical hohlraums,and the results show that the octahedral spherical hohlraums are robust to these random errors while the cylindrical hohlraums are the most sensitive.Up till to now,we have carried out three experiments on the spherical hohlraum with 2 LEHs on Shenguang(SG)laser facilities,including demonstration of improving laser transport by using the cylindrical LEHs in the spherical hohlraums,spherical hohlraum energetics on the SGIII prototype laser facility,and comparisons of laser plasma instabilities between the spherical hohlraums and the cylindrical hohlraums on the SGIII laser facility.

Tracking charge transfer pathways in SrTiO_(3)/CoP/Mo_(2)C nanofibers for enhanced photocatalytic solar fuel production

Photocatalytic solar fuel generation is currently a hot topic because of its potential for solving the energy crisis owing to its low cost and zero-carbon emissions.However,the rapid bulk recombination of photoexcited carrier pairs is a fundamental disadvantage.To resolve this problem,we synthesized a dual cocatalysts system of cobalt phosphide(Co P)and molybdenum carbide(Mo_(2)C)embedded on strontium titanate(Sr TiO_(3))nanofibers.Compared with those of pristine SrTiO_(3) and binary samples,the dual cocatalysts system(denoted SCM)showed a significant improvement in the hydrogen evolution and CO_(2) reduction performance.Further,the structure of SCM effectively promoted spatial charge separation and enhanced the photocatalytic performance.In addition,the Schottky junction formed between the SrTiO_(3) and cocatalysts enabled the rapid transfer of photoexcited electrons from SrTiO_(3) to the cocatalysts,resulting in effective separation and prolonged photoexcited electron lifetimes.The electron migration route between SrTiO_(3) and the cocatalysts was determined by in situ irradiation X-ray spectroscopy,and band structures of Sr TiO_(3) and the cocatalysts are proposed based on results obtained from UV-vis diffraction reflection spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.On the basis of our results,the dual cocatalysts unambiguously boosts charge separation and enhances photocatalytic performance.In summary,we have investigated the flux of photoexcited electrons in a dual cocatalysts system and provided a theoretical basis and ideas for subsequent research.

PGE2/EP4 skeleton interoception activity reduces vertebral endplate porosity and spinal pain with low-dose celecoxib

Skeletal interoception regulates bone homeostasis through the prostaglandin E2(PGE2)concentration in bone.Vertebral endplates undergo ossification and become highly porous during intervertebral disc degeneration and aging.We found that the PGE2 concentration was elevated in porous endplates to generate spinal pain.Importantly,treatment with a high-dose cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor(celecoxib,80 mg·kg−1 per day)decreased the prostaglandin E2 concentration and attenuated spinal pain in mice with lumbar spine instability.However,this treatment impaired bone formation in porous endplates,and spinal pain recurred after discontinuing the treatment.Interestingly,low-dose celecoxib(20 mg·kg−1 per day,which is equivalent to one-quarter of the clinical maximum dosage)induced a latent inhibition of spinal pain at 3 weeks post-treatment,which persisted even after discontinuing treatment.Furthermore,when the prostaglandin E2 concentration was maintained at the physiological level with low-dose celecoxib,endplate porosity was reduced significantly,which was associated with decreased sensory nerve innervation and spinal pain.These findings suggest that low-dose celecoxib may help to maintain skeletal interoception and decrease vertebral endplate porosity,thereby reducing sensory innervation and spinal pain in mice.

基于实践问题归因的教师培训课程创生设计研究

“实践问题归因”等同于“实践经验+教学反思”的教师专业成长公式,实践问题归因是教师培训课程创生设计的逻辑起点。基于实践问题归因的教师培训课程创生设计有其固有缘由和操作思路,提出了用“教师教育教学实践问题及其归因”进行培训需求、培训目标、培训主题、培训专题、培训实施和考核等设计方法。

Bead-like cobalt-nitrogen co-doped carbon nanocage/carbon nanofiber composite:A high-performance oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for zinc-air batteries

Proper regulation of metal-nitrogen carbon(M-N-C)materials derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)is essential to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance.However,most of the reports focus on the component regulation,and the structure regulation of ZIFs-derived M-N-C materials by a simple preparation method has been barely reported.Herein,using a one-step electrospinning method with subsequent pyrolysis,we have prepared a bead-like cobalt-nitrogen co-doped carbon nanocage/carbon nanofiber(Co-N-C/CNF)composite electrocatalyst with the porous carbon nanocages arranged one by one in the highly conductive carbon nanofibers.Profiting from the fully exposed active sites and improved conductivity,the Co-NC/CNF catalyst exhibits an excellent ORR performance even surpassing the commercial Pt/C catalyst.Density functional theory(DFT)results demonstrate that the CoNP-N1-C2 active sites on Co-N-C/CNF make the core contribution to the improvement of ORR properties.Moreover,the zinc-air battery(ZAB)based on the Co-N-C/CNF catalyst also shows outstanding discharge performance.This study provides a new strategy for the preparation and structural design for ZIFs-derived M-N-C materials as efficient ORR catalysts.

Zika virus non-structural protein 4B interacts with DHCR7 to facilitate viral infection

Zika virus(ZIKV)evolves non-structural proteins to evade immune response and ensure efficient replication in the host cells.Cholesterol metabolic enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase(DHCR7)was recently reported to impact innate immune responses in ZIKV infection.However,the vital non-structural protein and mechanisms involved in DHCR7-mediated viral evasion are not well elucidated.In this study,we demonstrated that ZIKV infection facilitated DHCR7 expression.Notably,the upregulated DHCR7 in turn facilitated ZIKV infection and blocking DHCR7 suppressed ZIKV infection.Mechanically,ZIKV non-structural protein 4B(NS4B)interacted with DHCR7 to induce DHCR7 expression.Moreover,DHCR7 inhibited TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)and interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3)phosphorylation,which resulted in the reduction of interferon-beta(IFN-β)and interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs)productions.Therefore,we propose that ZIKV NS4B binds to DHCR7 to repress TBK1 and IRF3 activation,which in turn inhibits IFN-βand ISGs,and thereby facilitating ZIKV evasion.This study broadens the insights on how viral non-structural proteins antagonize innate immunity to facilitate viral infection via cholesterol metabolic enzymes and intermediates.

Development of microstructural inhomogeneity in multi-pass flow forming of TA15 alloy cylindrical parts

Revealing the development of microstructural inhomogeneity in the multi-pass flow forming of titanium alloy components is of great significance to the microstructure control and property tailoring.To this end,the microstructural inhomogeneity of TA15 alloy spun cylindrical parts was analyzed based on the deformation history.The results indicate that the material underwent significant compressive strain in the normal direction(ND),tension strain in the rolling and circumferential directions(RD and CD),while tension strain in the CD is slightly small due to the limited material flow in this direction.These strain characteristics make the microstructure,especially the primary a(ap),present different morphologies in the different planes of the part.Meanwhile,the combined effects of inhomogeneous deformation and temperature distribution in the ND also cause the inhomogeneity of microstructure morphology and parameters in this direction.Quantitative analyses show that with the forming pass increasing,the aspect ratio of apincreases most in the normal-rolling plane,then in the normal-circumferential plane and least in the circumferential-rolling plane,whereas apcontent decreases in an opposite trend.Along the ND,the aspect ratio and content of apis relatively high in the outer and inner surface areas but lowest in the central area,and these inhomogeneous characteristics can be gradually diminished with the forming pass increasing.Furthermore,the variation of hardness inhomogeneity factor indicates that a four-pass forming with the total reduction ratio of 63%could obtain a homogenous microstructure along the ND of the TA15 alloy spun cylindrical part.

STRONG CONVERGENCE OF A FULLY DISCRETE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR A CLASS OF SEMILINEAR STOCHASTIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MULTIPLICATIVE NOISE

This paper develops and analyzes a fully discrete finite element method for a class of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations(SPDEs)with multiplicative noise.The nonlinearity in the diffusion term of the SPDEs is assumed to be globally Lipschitz and the nonlinearity in the drift term is only assumed to satisfy a one-sided Lipschitz condition.These assumptions are the same ones as the cases where numerical methods for general nonlinear stochastic ordinary differential equations(SODEs)under“minimum assumptions”were studied.As a result,the semilinear SPDEs considered in this paper are a direct generalization of these nonlinear SODEs.There are several difficulties which need to be overcome for this generalization.First,obviously the spatial discretization,which does not appear in the SODE case,adds an extra layer of difficulty.It turns out a spatial discretization must be designed to guarantee certain properties for the numerical scheme and its stiffness matrix.In this paper we use a finite element interpolation technique to discretize the nonlinear drift term.Second,in order to prove the strong convergence of the proposed fully discrete finite element method,stability estimates for higher order moments of the H1-seminorm of the numerical solution must be established,which are difficult and delicate.A judicious combination of the properties of the drift and diffusion terms and some nontrivial techniques is used in this paper to achieve the goal.Finally,stability estimates for the second and higher order moments of the L^(2)-norm of the numerical solution are also difficult to obtain due to the fact that the mass matrix may not be diagonally dominant.This is done by utilizing the interpolation theory and the higher moment estimates for the H1-seminorm of the numerical solution.After overcoming these difficulties,it is proved that the proposed fully discrete finite element method is convergent in strong norms with nearly optimal rates of convergence.Numerical experiment results are also presented to validate the theoretical results and to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed numerical method.

Short-form OPA1 is a molecular chaperone in mitochondrial intermembrane space

Mitochondria,double-membrane organelles,are known to participate in a variety of metabolic and signal transduction pathways.The intermembrane space(IMS)of mitochondria is proposed to subject to multiple damages emanating from the respiratory chain.The optic atrophy 1(OPA1),an important protein for mitochondrial fusion,is cleaved into soluble short-form(S-OPA1)under stresses.Here we report that S-OPA1 could function as a molecular chaperone in IMS.We purified the S-OPA1(amino acid sequence after OPA1 isoform 5 S1 site)protein and showed it protected substrate proteins from thermally and chemically induced aggregation and strengthened the thermotolerance of Escherichia coli(E.coli).We also showed that S-OPA1 conferred thermotolerance on IMS proteins,e.g.,neurolysin.The chaperone activity of S-OPA1 may be required for maintaining IMS homeostasis in mitochondria.

A novel and effective hyperthermia method for Schistosomiasis japonica prevention and treatment

The emerging resistance to schistosoma has been paid much attention and is in urgent need for a novel strategy to control the prevalent parasitic zoonosis. In this study, the efficiency of hyperthermia therapy was investigated by the skin hyperthermia device. The survival rate of cercariae decreased from 68.15 % （37 ℃, 5 min） to 0 （49℃, 10 min） with the thermal dosages increased, which proved the preventing effect of hyperthermia therapy （P 〈 0.05）. Therapeutic effects were assessed in Schistosoma japonicum-infected BALB/c mice. When the cercarial contact region of the skin was treated at 45-49℃ for 5 min within 8 h of infection, worm reduction rate （WRR） reached 74 %-83 % （P 〈 0.01）. The sensitivity of adult schistosoma to heat was also investigated using microwave intraperitoneal hyperthermia （thermal dosages 42-43℃, 20 min）. The WRR, hepatic shift rates and egg reduction rates were 23.7 %, 40 % and 30 %, respectively, comparing with 80.2 %, 59.6 % and 53.9 % of praziquantel （PZQ）-treated group. Encouraging results have been obtained that hyperthermia can effectively kill schistosomula, especially with the appearance of cercarial dermatitis, while PZQ lacks efficacy against the cercariae. Thus, hyperthermia therapy would show significant benefit in preventing and treatment of schistosoma, especially in the early stage.

Automatic test system development for digital beam position monitor of HEPS and BEPCII

Purpose Hundreds of digital beam position monitor processors(DBPM)are required to be produced during the construction of projects such as High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)and the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider(BEPCII),which brings great challenges to the test work.In order to achieve accurate,fast,and complete mass production tests of DBPMs,an automatic test system(ATS)has been developed in this article.Methods According to the test items of DBPM,the standardized testing softwareflow is designed based on virtual instru-ment program control technology and experimental physics and industrial control system(EPICS),which realize automatic adjustment of test parameters and automatic acquisition of test result data.Results and conclusions The ATS can realize one-button testing of channel coefficients,channel linearity,attenuator linearity,beam current dependence(BCD)and sampling signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),and generate test reports.The total test time is less than 3 minutes,which is significantly more efficient compared to manual testing.More than 90 BEPCII DBPMs has been tested by this ATS in the lab.The test results proved that such a system could automatically recognize defective products and satisfy the requirements of mass testing.

X-MOL: large-scale pre-training for molecular understanding and diverse molecular analysis

In silico modeling and analysis of small molecules substantially accelerates the process of drug development. Representing and understanding molecules is the fundamental step for various in silico molecular analysis tasks. Traditionally, these molecular analysis tasks have been investigated individually and separately.

Clone-World:A visual analytic system for large scale software clones

With the era of big data approaching,the number of software systems,their dependencies,as well as the complexity of the individual system is becoming larger and more intricate.Understanding these evolving software systems is thus a primary challenge for cost-effective software management and maintenance.In this paper we perform a case study with evolving code clones.The programmers often need to manually analyze the co-evolution of clone fragments to decide about refactoring,tracking,and bug removal.However,manual analysis is time consuming,and nearly infeasible for a large number of clones,e.g.,with millions of similarity pairs,where clones are evolving over hundreds of software revisions.We propose an interactive visual analytics system,Clone-World,which leverages big data visualization approach to manage code clones in large software systems.Clone-World,gives an intuitive yet powerful solution to the clone analytic problems.Clone-World combines multiple informationlinked zoomable views,where users can explore and analyze clones through interactive exploration in real time.User studies and experts’reviews suggest that Clone-World may assist developers in many real-life software development and maintenance scenarios.We believe that Clone-World will ease the management and maintenance of clones,and inspire future innovation to adapt visual analytics to manage big software systems.