阿尔茨海默病居家筛查专家共识

老年人痴呆或认知障碍多由一种以上年龄相关的常见脑部疾病所致。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是其中最常见的神经变性疾病,且是全球前10位死因中唯一无法治愈或缺乏长期对症疗效的疾病,给个人、家庭和全球经济都带来了巨大的负担。早期及时发现和干预是对抗AD的最佳策略。在过去的30年中,许多研究都提出了降低痴呆风险的方法,2020年《柳叶刀》杂志的痴呆预防报告已阐明通过应对风险因素可以预防或延缓超过40%的痴呆。然而,目前全球医疗体系尚未具备早期或及时发现AD的足够能力。最近的一项研究发现,只有不到10%的轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是在初级医疗机构中诊断出来的。近来,抗淀粉样蛋白β(Amyloid beta,Aβ)抗体药物lecanemab和donanemab被批准上市用于早期AD治疗,以及30年的随访研究证明改善风险因素显著减少AD痴呆的发病率并延长了寿命,使得人们对AD早期识别的关注迅速增加。阿尔茨海默病防治协会(China Association for Alzheimer's Disease,CAAD)认识到居家早期和及时发现AD的重要性,并成立了一个由协会成员、临床医生和研究人员组成的全球AD多领域专家团队,就以下目标达成共识:①为个人、家庭、社区、协会和组织提供专家指导意见;②介绍用于认知障碍和痴呆居家筛查的数字工具和可用资源,并为AD高危人群或疑似患者制定下一步应对策略;③讨论现有可用或将来可能的居家筛查适宜AD生物标志物;④为未来的改进和全球应用建立可行性框架。专家组对于当前可用的证据、工具和资源进行综述,并进一步考量其在AD居家筛查中的价值。

A Predictive Energy Management Strategies for Mining Dump Trucks

The plug-in hybrid vehicles(PHEV)technology can effectively address the issues of poor dynamics and higher energy consumption commonly found in traditional mining dump trucks.Meanwhile,plug-in hybrid electric trucks can achieve excellent fuel economy through efficient energy management strategies(EMS).Therefore,a series hybrid system is constructed based on a 100-ton mining dump truck in this paper.And inspired by the dynamic programming(DP)algorithm,a predictive equivalent consumption minimization strategy(P-ECMS)based on the DP optimization result is proposed.Based on the optimal control manifold and the SOC reference trajectory obtained by the DP algorithm,the P-ECMS strategy performs real-time stage parameter optimization to obtain the optimal equivalent factor(EF).Finally,applying the equivalent consumption minimization strategy(ECMS)realizes real-time control.The simulation results show that the equivalent fuel consumption of the P-ECMS strategy under the experimentally collected mining cycle conditions is 150.8 L/100 km,which is 10.9%less than that of the common CDCS strategy(169.3 L/100 km),and achieves 99.47%of the fuel saving effect of the DP strategy(150 L/100 km).

Clinical Analysis of 240 Patients with HLA-B27 Associated Acute Anterior Uveitis

Purpose: To analyze the prevalence of HLA-B27 associated acute anterior uveitis and to identify its clinical features. Methods: A total of 240 patients with HLA-B27 associated acute anterior uveitis,who were admitted to Zhejiang Ophthalmologic Hospital between December 2006 and October 2012, were retrospectively analyzed.The age of onset,sex,affected eyes,HLA-B27 antigen detection,recurrence,joint involvement, and surgical complications were investigated. Results:The average age of onset was 37.0 ±12.0 years and the ratio of male to female patients was 2.4:1. Most cases had alternate unilateral or bilateral involvement. Among all participants, 234 cases (97.5%) were HLA-B27 positive, and 124 cases (51.7%) had spondyloarthropathies (SpA), dominated by 108 cases with ankylosing spondylitis. (AS,45.0%),and mostly seen in male subjects(P<0.05).Six patients were HLA-B27 negative(2.5%)and on statistical significance was noted between male and female patients (P >0.05).A total of 193 cases (80.4%) presented with complications, mainly fibrinous exudation, posterior synechia, and vitreous opacity. Conclusion: HLA-B27 that is associated acute anterior uveitis with a relatively high incidence and recurrence presents with more severe clinical features than does idiopathic acute anterior uveitis,and it often accompanies systemic arthritic diseases. HLA-B27 antibody detection is associated with the diagnosis and treatment of acute anterior uveitis.

EZCalm:A User Emotion Regulation System by Immersive Music Based on Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions

Nowadays,many companies hire professional trainers to keep their employees emotionally positive.In addition,more and more people are visiting psychological doctors to adjust their emotion,in order to treat mental illness or gain sense of happiness.All kinds of people mentioned above want to adjust emotions in an effective way.Therefore,a simple and effective household pattern of emotion adjustment is particularly important for people to use in common days.For such a pattern,an emotion regulation pattern combined with Plutchiks' wheel of emotions is proposed for emotion adjustment.In order to enhance the effectiveness of emotion adjustment from both the vision channel and the hearing channel,we adjust the user's emotion by visualizing music on a Helmet mounted display(HMD)device.Findings demonstrate that the proposed system can calm down participants e'motions effectively.

Cerium phosphate-supported Au catalysts for CO oxidation

LaPO_4 and hydroxyapatite(Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2)are typical metal phosphates recently found to be useful for making supported metal or metal oxide catalysts,but CePO_4(also belonging to the metal phosphate family)has been rarely used to make supported catalysts.It would be interesting to develop CePO_4-supported catalysts and explore their catalytic applications.Herein,hexagonal CePO_4 nanorods(denoted as CePO_4-H),hexagonal CePO_4 nanowires(CePO_4-HNW),monoclinic CePO_4 nanoparticles(CePO_4-M),and monoclinic CePO_4 nanowires(CePO_4-MNW)prepared by different methods were used to support gold via deposition-precipitation with urea(DPU).The gold contents of these catalysts were all around 1 wt%.The catalytic activities of these Au/CePO_4 catalysts in CO oxidation were found to follow the sequence of Au/CePO_4-MNW>Au/CePO_4-HNW> Au/CePO_4-M>Au/CePO_4-H.These catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),N_2 adsorption–desorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),oxygen temperature-programmed desorption(O_2-TPD),and CO_2 temperature-programmed desorption(CO_2-TPD)to find possible correlations between the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of these catalysts.

Analysis of one-dimensional consolidation of soft soils with non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid

Based on non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid, the theory of one-dimensional (1D) consolidation was modified to consider variation in the total vertical stress with depth and time. The finite difference method (FDM) was adopted to obtain numerical solutions for excess pore water pressure and average degree of consolidation. When non-Darcian flow is degenerated into Darcian flow, a comparison between numerical solutions and analytical solutions was made to verify reliability of finite difference solutions. Finally, taking into account the ramp time-dependent loading, consolidation behaviors with non-Darcian flow under various parameters were analyzed. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of 1D consolidation combined with non-Darcian flow caused by non-Newtonian liquid was conducted in this paper.

基于镍纳米团簇-铕混合物的纸基比率荧光传感器检测四环素——推荐一个研究型综合化学实验

介绍了一个科研转化的综合化学实验项目,基于镍纳米团簇(NiNCs)-铕混合物(NiNCs-Eu^(3+))荧光传感器检测四环素。实验包括NiNCs-Eu^(3+)的制备、表征及对四环素的响应性能,纸基传感器的构建及可视化识别的分析方法探究。该实验综合性强、操作简便、成本低,有利于培养学生的实验技能和科研探究能力,让学生体验到一个“看得见”的综合化学实验。

Surgical Correction of Coronary Artery Ectasia Combining Congenital Coronary Artery Fistula

Background:Coronary artery ectasia(CAE)complicated with concomitant congenital coronary artery fistula(CCAF)is rare.This study characterizes the clinical characteristics of CAE combining CCAF,and reports a single-institution experience with surgical correction of CAE combining CCAF.Methods:A total of 24 symptomatic patients(8 males,median 52.5 years old)who underwent surgical correction of CAE combining CCAF in this center were reviewed.Based on the size of ectatic segment,the CAE were classified as a giant CAE(>20 mm,n=14)and a non-giant CAE(≤20 mm,n=10).Individualized surgical approaches were chosen.The patients were followed up for a median of 3.8 years.Results:The overwhelming majority of CAEs were solitary,and only 4.2%of CAEs were associated with multiple lesions.CAEs were predominantly located in the right coronary artery with predilection to women more than to men(2:1).95.8%of patients with the CCAF had single fistula defect.The right atrium was the most frequent drainage site(33.3%)followed by the left ventricle(25.0%).Surgical mortality was 4.2%.All 22 follow-up patients survived with recovery from symptoms and New York Heart Association(NYHA)functional class I-II.In 10 patients with non-giant CAEs undergoing closure of fistula alone,favorable in-hospital outcomes were recorded,but residual fistula(one patient)and acute inferior wall myocardial infarction related to intracoronary thrombosis(one patient)were observed at follow-up.In 11 patients with giant CAEs undergoing aneurysm resection plus distal bypass grafting at the time of closure of fistula,favorable in-hospital outcomes and encouraging midterm results were recorded.Additionally,in 3 patients with giant CAEs undergoing closure of fistula plus aneurysmal plication,adverse events occurred,including surgical death related to rupture of the ectatic segment(one patient),perioperative myocardial infarction caused by acute thromboembolism(one patient),nonfatal inferior wall myocardial infarction related to intracoronary thrombosis(one patient)at follow-up.Conclusion:Individualized surgical approaches based on the size and the location of ectatic coronary artery as well as fistula should be offered to symptomatic patients with CAE combining CCAF.

A Novel Digital Rights Management Scheme in P2P Networks

P2P networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. How to integrate P2P networks and DRM to offer a novel content distribution mode for digital media resources is a significant research project. In this paper, a novel DRM architecture in P2P Networks is proposed, three phases include content provide phase, content purchase phase and content access phase, are modeled, and key technologies are introduced. Finally analysis indicates that the proposed scheme has the characteristics of security, controllability and scalability.

Architecture and Methodology of Unit Testing Embedding Pair-Wise Mode for Small Team

In this paper, the new organization for unit testing embedding pair-wise mode is proposed with the core thought focused on the cooperation of programmer and tester by “cross-testing”. The typical content of unit testing for the new organizing mode should have three aspects, including self-checking, cross-testing and independent-testing. For cross-testing, executing “pair-wise” mode, mainly tackles data testing, function testing and state testing, which function testing must be done by details and state testing must be considered for completeness. With the specializing of independent-testing, it should be taken as more rigid testing without arbitrariness. Consequently, strategy and measure are addressed for data testing focusing on boundary testing and function/state testing. And organizing method of procedure and key points of tackling unit testing are investigated for the new organizing mode. In order to assess the validity of our study and approach, a series of actual examples are demonstrated for GUI software. The result indicates that the execution of unit testing for the new organizing mode is effective and applicable.

超声矢量血流成像对2型糖尿病患者颈动脉壁剪切应力的研究

目的探究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈总动脉(CCA)壁剪切应力(WSS)的特征,以及WSS检测T2DM患者发生心血管疾病(CVD)的应用价值。方法选取2020年11月至2021年2月于四川省人民医院接受治疗的49例T2DM患者作为DM组及19例健康志愿者作为对照组,并根据DM组患者有无高血压(HPT)分为DM+HPT组(26例)和DM+非HPT组(23例),根据是否伴有CVD分为DM+CVD组(15例)和DM+非CVD组(34例)。所有受试者均行常规颈动脉超声检查,并应用超声矢量血流(V-Flow)成像技术检测CCA中段、近分叉处及分叉处的最大壁剪切应力(WSSmax)和平均壁剪切应力(WSS_(mean))。DM组和对照组之间比较采用t检验;亚组之间超声参数的比较采用单因素方差分析,其中两两比较采用SNK检验;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析T2DM患者合并CVD的超声诊断参数。结果与对照组相比,DM组患者CCA中段及近分叉处的WSS_(mean)降低[中段:(0.81±0.23)Pa vs(1.02±0.21)Pa;近分叉处:(0.73±0.21)Pa vs(0.90±0.16)Pa],差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.451、-3.127,P=0.001、0.003)。在亚组分析中,DM+非HPT组CCA中段和近分叉处的WSS_(mean)仍小于对照组[中段:(0.87±0.24)Pa vs(1.02±0.21)Pa;近分叉处:(0.78±0.18)Pa vs(0.90±0.16)Pa],差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。DM+CVD组CCA中段及近分叉处WSS_(mean)明显小于DM+非CVD组[中段:(0.71±0.18)Pa vs(0.85±0.23)Pa;近分叉处:(0.62±0.20)Pa vs(0.78±0.20)Pa],差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示CCA近分叉处的WSS_(mean)对T2DM患者发生CVD具有诊断价值(曲线下面积为0.699,P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者CCA中段和近分叉处的WSS_(mean)低于正常人,在合并CVD患者中降低更明显,近分叉处的WSS_(mean)在检测T2DM患者发生CVD方面具有潜在临床应用价值。

Gut microbial interactions based on network construction and bacterial pairwise cultivation

Association networks are widely applied for the prediction of bacterial interactions in studies of human gut microbiomes.However,the experimental validation of the predicted interactions is challenging due to the complexity of gut microbiomes and the limited number of cultivated bacteria.In this study,we addressed this challenge by integrating in vitro time series network(TSN)associations and cocultivation of TSN taxon pairs.Fecal samples were collected and used for cultivation and enrichment of gut microbiome on YCFA agar plates for 13 days.Enriched cells were harvested for DNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing.A total of 198 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)were recovered.Temporal dynamics of bacteria growing on the YCFA agar were used to infer microbial association networks.To experimentally validate the interactions of taxon pairs in networks,we selected 24 and 19 bacterial strains from this study and from the previously established human gut microbial biobank,respectively,for pairwise co-cultures.The co-culture experiments revealed that most of the interactions between taxa in networks were identified as neutralism(51.67%),followed by commensalism(21.67%),amensalism(18.33%),competition(5%)and exploitation(3.33%).Genome-centric analysis further revealed that the commensal gut bacteria(helpers and beneficiaries)might interact with each other via the exchanges of amino acids with high biosynthetic costs,short-chain fatty acids,and/or vitamins.We also validated 12 beneficiaries by adding 16 additives into the basic YCFA medium and found that the growth of 66.7%of these strains was significantly promoted.This approach provides new insights into the gut microbiome complexity and microbial interactions in association networks.Our work highlights that the positive relationships in gut microbial communities tend to be overestimated,and that amino acids,short-chain fatty acids,and vitamins are contributed to the positive relationships.

多巴胺能药物治疗Percheron动脉梗死引起的意识障碍1例

1例72岁女性患者, 因意识不清于发病当天入院, 颅脑磁共振成像显示双侧丘脑急性梗死, 临床诊断为Percheron动脉梗死, 虽给予了强效的抗栓药物治疗, 患者意识水平逐渐加重, 逐渐滴加美多芭和金刚烷胺药物, 患者意识水平逐渐好转, 短期内患者出院。

Genome-wide Dissection of Co-selected UV-B Responsive Pathways in the UV-B Adaptation of Qingke

Qingke (Tibetan hulless barley) has long been cultivated and exposed to long-term and strong UV-B radiation on the Tibetan Plateau, which renders it an ideal species for elucidating novel UV-B responsive mechanisms in plants. Here we report a comprehensive metabolite profiling and metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) using 196 diverse qingke and barley accessions. Our results demonstrated both constitutive and induced accumulation, and common genetic regulation, of metabolites from different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway that are involved in UV-B protection. A total of 90 significant mGWAS loci for these metabolites were identified in barley-qingke differentiation regions, and a number of high-level metabolite trait alleles were found to be significantly enriched in qingke, suggesting co-selection of various phenylpropanoids. Upon dissecting the entire phenylpropanoid pathway, we identified some key determinants controlling natural variation of phenylpropanoid content, including three novel proteins, a flavone C-pentosyltransferase, a tyramine hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferase, and a MYB transcription factor. Our study, furthermore, demonstrated co-selection of both constitutive and induced phenylpropanoids for UV-B protection in qingke.

Sub-optimal fixed-finite-horizon spacecraft configuration control on SE(3)

For achieving the desired configuration of spacecraft at the desired fixed time,a suboptimal fixed-finite-horizon configuration control method on the Lie group SE(3)is developed based on the Model Predictive Static Programming(MPSP).The MPSP technique has been widely used to solve finite-horizon optimal control problems and is known for its high computational efficiency thanks to the closed-form solution,but it cannot be directly applied to systems on SE(3).The methodological innovation in this paper enables that the MPSP technique is extended to the geometric control on SE(3),using the variational principle,the left-invariant properties of Lie groups,and the topology structure of Lie algebra space.Moreover,the energy consumption,which is crucial for spacecraft operations,is considered as the objective function to be optimized in the optimal control formulation.The effectiveness of the designed sub-optimal control method is demonstrated through an online simulation under disturbances and state measurement errors.

A multi-objective optimization problem research for amphibious operational mission of shipboard helicopters

Airborne landing with shipboard helicopters gradually replaces surface landing to dominate joint amphibious operations.A problem with shipboard helicopter mission planning is conducted in the context of amphibious operations.First,the typical missions of shipborne helicopters in amphibious operations are analyzed.An Amphibious Operational Mission Planning Model for Shipboard Helicopters(AOMPMSH)is established,with the objectives of minimizing the completion time of the amphibious campaign and minimizing troop and helicopter losses,taking the available operational resources and the order of the mission sub-phases into account.Then,a simulationbased amphibious operations effectiveness assessment model is constructed to calculate the optimization objectives of AOMPMSH by simulating the campaign development with an amphibious objective area situation transfer model and simulating the engagement process with a modified Lanchester model.A reference point based multi-objective optimization algorithm is designed to solve the proposed AOMPMSH.The population iteration mechanism employs an initial population generation method and a local search method to solve the problem of vast definition space.The population ranking selection mechanism employs a population distribution based reference point generation method to solve the problem of population irregular distribution.Finally,a simulation case with the background of a battalion-scaled amphibious campaign is presented.The calculation results verify the rationality of the proposed model and the superiority of the designed algorithm and have some reference value for the operational applications of shipboard helicopters in amphibious operations.

Electroactive chitosan-aniline pentamer hydrogel for peripheral nerve regeneration

Electroactive hydrogels could guide the regeneration of nerves and promote their functional recovery.An aniline pentamer-crosslinked chitosan(CS-AP)hydrogel with better electroactivity and degradation was fabricated by the carbodiimide method,and then injected into the repair site of sciatic nerve damage,with its gelation time,tensile strength,and conductivity reaching 35 min,5.02-6.69 MPa,and from 2.97×10^(-4) to 3.25×10^(-4) S-cm^(-1),respectively,due to the cross-linkage and well-distribution of AP.There was better cytocompativility of CS-AP hydrogel on nerve cells.The results of the in vivo repair indicated that CS-AP10 hydrogel induced the capillaries formation and the repair of sciatic nerve defect,and re-innervated gastrocnemius muscle in the CS-AP10 group were obviously better than other experimental groups,due to the electroactivity of CS-AP and its degradation into fragments.These results indicated the potential application of CS-AP hydrogel in the regeneration and function recovery of peripheral nerve injury.

Meta-Semi:A Meta-Learning Approach for Semi-Supervised Learning

Deep learning based semi-supervised learning(SSL)algorithms have led to promising results in recent years.However,they tend to introduce multiple tunable hyper-parameters,making them less practical in real SSL scenarios where the labeled data is scarce for extensive hyper-parameter search.In this paper,we propose a novel meta-learning based SSL algorithm(Meta-Semi)that requires tuning only one additional hyper-parameter,compared with a standard supervised deep learning algorithm,to achieve competitive performance under various conditions of SSL.We start by defining a meta optimization problem that minimizes the loss on labeled data through dynamically reweighting the loss on unlabeled samples,which are associated with soft pseudo labels during training.As the meta problem is computationally intensive to solve directly,we propose an efficient algorithm to dynamically obtain the approximate solutions.We show theoretically that Meta-Semi converges to the stationary point of the loss function on labeled data under mild conditions.Empirically,Meta-Semi outperforms state-of-the-art SSL algorithms significantly on the challenging semi-supervised CIFAR-100 and STL-10 tasks,and achieves competitive performance on CIFAR-10 and SVHN.