A green cross-linking method for the preparation of renewable threedimensional graphene sponges for efficient adsorption of Congo red dye

Graphene-based materials possess significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater due to their exceptional adsorption properties toward stubborn pollutants.However,their utilization is hindered by high preparation costs,low yields,environmental pollution during synthesis,and challenges in regenerating the adsorbent.This study proposes a novel approach to address these limitations by developing nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)crosslinked graphene sponges(N-PGA)using a cross-linking method with ammonium carbonate.This method offers a relatively mild,environmentally friendly approach.Ammonium carbonate serves as both a reducing and modifying agent,facilitating the formation of the intrinsic structure of N-PGA and acting as a nitrogen source.Meanwhile,PVA is utilized as the cross-linking agent.The results demonstrate that N-PGA exhibits a favorable internal 3D hierarchical porous structure and possesses robust mechanical properties.The measured specific surface area(BET)of N-PGA was as high as406.538 m^(2)·g^(-1),which was favorable for its efficient adsorption of Congo red(CR)dye molecules.At an initial concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),N-PGA achieved an impressive removal rate of 89.6%and an adsorption capacity of 112 mg·g^(-1)for CR dye.Furthermore,it retained 79%of its initial adsorption capacity after 10 cycles,demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.In summary,the synthesized N-PGA displays remarkable efficacy in the adsorption of CR dye in wastewater,opening up new possibilities for utilizing 3D porous graphene nanomaterials as efficient adsorbents in wastewater treatment.

Insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in the obesity management of canines and felines

Obesity is a prevalent chronic disease that has significant negative impacts on humans and our companion animals,including dogs and cats.Obesity occurs with multiple comorbidities,such as diabetes,hypertension,heart disease and osteoarthritis in dogs and cats.A direct link between lipid metabolism dysregulation and obesity-associated diseases has been implicated.However,the understanding of such pathophysiology in companion animals is lim-ited.This review aims to address the role of lipid metabolism in various metabolic disorders associated with obesity,emphasizing the involvement of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,we also discuss the management of obesity,including approaches like nutritional interventions,thus providing novel insights into obesity prevention and treatment for canines and felines.

The cytosolic isoform of triosephosphate isomerase,ZmTPI4,is required for kernel development and starch synthesis in maize(Zea mays L.)

Triosephosphate isomerase(TPI)is an enzyme that functions in plant energy production,accumulation,and conversion.To understand its function in maize,we characterized a maize TPI mutant,zmtpi4.In comparison to the wild type,zmtpi4 mutants showed altered ear development,reduced kernel weight and starch content,modified starch granule morphology,and altered amylose and amylopectin content.Protein,ATP,and pyruvate contents were reduced,indicating ZmTPI4 was involved in glycolysis.Although subcellular localization confirmed ZmTPI4 as a cytosolic rather than a plastid isoform of TPI,the zmtpi4 mutant showed reduced leaf size and chlorophyll content.Overexpression of ZmTPI4 in Arabidopsis led to enlarged leaves and increased seed weight,suggesting a positive regulatory role of ZmTPI4 in kernel weight and starch content.We conclude that ZmTPI4 functions in maize kernel development,starch synthesis,glycolysis,and photosynthesis.

Research progress in development and application of Calotropis gigantea fiber

Calotropis gigantea fiber(CGF)is to a type of seed fiber collected from the fruits of the Calotropis gigantea(CG).From a sustainable biomass resource,CGF is a naturally abundant cellulose fiber with good economic value,excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability.CGF has a high hollow structure and is lightweight,which means CGF has received increasing attention in recent years as the starting material for fabrication of different types of functional materials.In this paper,we have reviewed the morphology and characteristics of CGF,including its biological properties,chemical composition,and physical properties.Additionally,we provide an overview of the recent advancements in the extraction process,toughening treatment process,spinning process,and weaving process of CGF,which have garnered significant attention from researchers in the field.The applications of CGF in the fields of environment processing,antibacterial,and smart materials are also summarized.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of CGF are introduced with the ultimate goal of implementing its potential in real-world applications.

A novel biodegradable Mg-1Zn-0.5Sn alloy:Mechanical properties,corrosion behavior,biocompatibility,and antibacterial activity

To meet the growing demand for antibacterial implants for bone-implant-associated infection therapy and avoid the adverse effects of secondary surgery,a degradable platform with pH responsiveness and ion-associated antibacterial properties was constructed.A small amount of Sn added to Mg-1Zn alloy reduces the biocorrosion rate,which can be attributed to Sn participation in outer-layer film formation,significantly reducing the biocorrosion rate and hydrogen evolution rate after implantation in vivo.These Mg alloys,which are susceptible to degradation in the acidic bacterial microenvironment,degrade by releasing Mg,Zn and Sn,producing favorably alkaline and antibacterial conditions.Samples with the composition of Mg-1Zn-0.5Sn were found to be beneficial for promoting initial cell adhesion and proliferation,resulting in improved biocompatibility and biosafety.The biocompatibility of this alloy was confirmed by the healthy behavior of animals and the absence of acute or chronic toxicity in the liver,spleen,and kidneys.Our results demonstrate that Mg-1Zn-0.5Sn is safe for biological systems,enabling its efficacious use in biomedical applications.

Influence of vegetation restoration on matrix structure and erosion resistance of iron tailings sites in eastern Hebei, China

The effects of vegetation restoration on matrix structure and erosion resistance of iron tailings were studied at dump sites in Malanzhuang, Qian'an, Hebei province, China. The restoration process involved soil spray sowing restoration model with Rhus typhina, soil and iron tailings admixture spray sowing restoration model with Amorpha fruticosa Linn. and six-hole brick restoration model with Pinus tabulaeformis Carriere.–Amorpha fruticosa Linn. mixed-forest, and direct restoration model with Hippophae rhamnoides and Sabina vulgaris. Results show that the composition and distribution of particles and aggregates were closely related to erosion resistance(P < 0.05), indicating that matrix structure of iron tailings play an important role in erosion resistance. The improvement in matrix structure of iron tailings by the different restoration models was in the order of R. typhina soil spray sowing > A. fruticosa soil and iron tailings admixture spray sowing > mixed-forest six-hole brick >H. rhamnoides direct restoration > S. vulgaris direct restoration. The R. typhina soil spray sowing restorationmodel resulted in the greatest improvement in matrix structure of iron tailings, increasing the clay(10.6%) and large particle aggregates(18.7%) contents significantly(P < 0.01). Simultaneously, particle population, grading conditions(Cu= 28.86, Cs= 1.65), and aggregate stability(6.02) were significantly improved. The A. fruticosa soil and iron tailings admixture spray sowing restoration model,which effectively improved particle distribution(Cu-= 8.51, Cs= 1.07), increased the number of large aggregates considerably(9.6%), thereby increasing aggregate stability(6.2). The six-hole brick model significantly increased the number of large aggregates(4.0%) and improved the stability of aggregates(6.2). H. rhamnoides direct restoration improved the stability of aggregates(5.1)but showed no other significant improvements. The effect of S. vulgaris direct restoration on matrix structure of iron tailings was not significant. Due to its dependence on matrix structure of iron tailings, the erosion resistance of R.typhina soil spray sowing restoration model was the greatest, while that of S. vulgaris direct restoration was the weakest. There was no significant difference in the erosion resistance of the other models. Overall, vegetation restoration supplemented by soil spray sowing restoration and engineering measures is superior to in situ direct vegetation restoration in the short-term. In-situ direct restoration has long-term ecological significance because of its advanced concept of near-natural restoration and the advantages of low cost, easy operation, and low secondary damage.

Sentiment Classification Based on Piecewise Pooling Convolutional Neural Network

Recently,the effectiveness of neural networks,especially convolutional neural networks,has been validated in the field of natural language processing,in which,sentiment classification for online reviews is an important and challenging task.Existing convolutional neural networks extract important features of sentences without local features or the feature sequence.Thus,these models do not perform well,especially for transition sentences.To this end,we propose a Piecewise Pooling Convolutional Neural Network(PPCNN)for sentiment classification.Firstly,with a sentence presented by word vectors,convolution operation is introduced to obtain the convolution feature map vectors.Secondly,these vectors are segmented according to the positions of transition words in sentences.Thirdly,the most significant feature of each local segment is extracted using max pooling mechanism,and then the different aspects of features can be extracted.Specifically,the relative sequence of these features is preserved.Finally,after processed by the dropout algorithm,the softmax classifier is trained for sentiment classification.Experimental results show that the proposed method PPCNN is effective and superior to other baseline methods,especially for datasets with transition sentences.

Evaluation on Heat Transferring Performance of Fabric Heat Sink by Finite Element Modeling

Considering current technology limitation in manufacturing present pin fin heat sinks, a new fabric heat sink has been previously designed. However, there is a lack of an understanding of the heat transferring performance of this new kind of heat sink. Nowadays, finite element analysis has been generally developed for determining heat transfer from in-line and staggered pin fin heat sinks used in electronic packaging applications. In this study, this method is used to predict the heat transfer performance of the new heat sink with woven fabric structure, called fabric pin fin heat sink. Effect of the fin length and the material types made of heat sink on the thermal-structure response of the pin fin was investigated under forced convection. The results show that the minimum temperature of heat sink decreases with an increase of pin fin length,but the decreasing amplitude has decreased. Moreover, the heat transfer performance of fabric heat sink made of continuous carbon Fibers/Polymer (PPS) is worse than that of copper and of aluminum.

分析化学理论教学中课程思政的实践与探索

以分析化学理论教学中的课程思政为主题,概述了分析化学课程思政建设的研究现状;从思政目标的建立、课程思政的教学探索、教师素养三方面对专业课程思政进行了实践探索;通过精准备课、优化课堂互动、构建反馈渠道等方式,实现知行合一的课程思政教学目标。

Spatial pattern and mechanisms of farmland abandonment in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Qingzang Plateau

With the rapid development of social economy and urban−rural integration,the phenomenon of farmland aban-donment worldwide has proved to be one of the main trends of land use and land cover change(LUCC),and profoundly affected the rural landscape and regional ecological environment.Restricted by the natural environ-ment,economic development and backward agricultural technology,the phenomenon of farmland abandonment is also common in the Qingzang Plateau(QP).Therefore,this paper adopted the spatial autocorrelation method to analyze the spatial pattern of abandonment in the agricultural and pastoral areas of the Qingzang Plateau(APA−QP)in 2017,and the geographically weighted regression(GWR)model to explore the effects of geograph-ical resources,socio-economic development and location conditions on farmland abandonment.This study found that:1)From 2015 to 2017,the abandoned farmland area in the APA−QP was approximately 18.23×10^(4)ha,with an overall abandonment rate of 15.18%.On the whole,it showed the distribution characteristics of“strong in the south and weak in the north,strong in the east and weak in the west”.2)There were positive spatial correlation between both abandoned area and abandonment rate in the APA−QP,showing“concave”and“convex”patterns,respectively,mainly concentrated in the Huang−shui Valley and the Southeast Tibet;while in the western and northern regions,the degree of abandonment was relatively low.3)Farmland abandonment in the APA−QP was mainly driven by the geographical environment changes and farmers’decision−making on farmland utilization.There was significant spatial heterogeneity on farmland abandonment associated with the impact of geographical resources,socio−economics and location conditions.The geographical resource factors had a positive impact on the abandonment,and were strongly constrained by natural geographic conditions such as altitude and slope.The farmland resources in the Qingzang Plateau are limited,but are of strategic significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in the whole Qingzang Plateau.In order to realize the rational distribution of agricul-ture and animal husbandry and the sustainable utilization of farmland resources in the plateau region,land use strategies should be implemented according to regional differences and regional advantages in order to ensure the ecological environment security of Qingzang Plateau.

Calotropis gigantea Fiber‑Based Sensitivity‑Tunable Strain Sensors with Insensitive Response to Wearable Microclimate Changes

Wearable tensile strain sensors have attracted substantial research interest due to their great potential in applications for the real-time detection of human motion and health through the construction of body-sensing networks.Conventional devices,however,are constantly demonstrated in non-real world scenarios,where changes in body temperature and humidity are ignored,which results in questionable sensing accuracy and reliability in practical applications.In this work,a fabric-like strain sensor is developed by fabricating graphene-modified Calotropis gigantea yarn and elastic yarn(i.e.Spandex)into an independently crossed structure,enabling the sensor with tunable sensitivity by directly altering the sensor width.The sensor possesses excellent breathability,allowing water vapor generated by body skin to be discharged into the environment(the water evaporation rate is approximately 2.03 kg m^(-2) h^(-1))and creating a pleasing microenvironment between the sensor and the skin by avoiding the hindering of perspiration release.More importantly,the sensor is shown to have a sensing stability towards changes in temperature and humidity,implementing sensing reliability against complex and changeable wearable microclimate.By wearing the sensor at various locations of the human body,a full-range body area sensing network for monitoring various body movements and vital signs,such as speaking,coughing,breathing and walking,is successfully dem-onstrated.It provides a new route for achieving wearing-comfortable,high-performance and sensing-reliable strain sensors.

Phylogenetic estimation and morphological evolution of Alsineae(Caryophyllaceae)shed new insight into the taxonomic status of the genus Pseudocerastium

Pseudocerastium is a monotypic genus in Caryophyllaceae endemic to China.The genus has been widely accepted since it was described in 1998,however its phylogenetic position within Caryophyllaceae has never been studied.In the present study,the whole plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS)sequences of Pseudocerastium stellarioides was obtained through genome skimming,and the phylogenetic position of the species was studied for the first time.Plastid phylogenomic analysis of Caryophyllaceae revealed that Pseudocerastium is clustered within the tribe Alsineae with strong support.Phylogenetic analyses based on an enlarged taxon sampling of Alsineae using five DNA regions(matK,rbcL,rps16 intron,trnL-F and ITS)revealed that P.stellarioides was nested deeply within Cerastium with strong support.Analyses of morphological character evolution suggest that the ancestral states in Alsineae include three styles and a six-lobed capsule at the apex,while both Cerastium and Pseudocerastium have five styles and ten lobes at the apex of the capsule,further supporting their close relationship.The species Pseudocerastium stellarioides is similar to Cerastium wilsonii in morphology,but differs in having villous indumentum on the lower part of the filaments and compressed globose seeds.Therefore,based on the present molecular and morphological evidence,the generic name Pseudocerastium is reduced here as a new synonym of Cerastium and the species P.stellarioides is transferred to Cerastium as C.jiuhuashanense.

The Situation and Educational Development of University Auditing

Auditing is a kind of practical economical subject, with a strong practical and operational. It is the backbone course of accounting major and plays a crucial role in the professional cultivation. But recently, in stage of our country university education, audition＇ s teaching effectiveness is almost the lowest in all the core curriculum of accounting professional. Students generally reflect that Auditing is difficult to learn and abstract, while the teachers of auditing courses also reflect students have low interest in auditing learning, meanwhile there is less relevant case, fewer choices and other materials. This paper analyzes the problems and limitations of the auditing teaching, proposes measures about the teaching reform of university auditing, and finally makes our own suggestions about the reform measures of our university auditing teaching research.

Interspecific competition predicts the potential impact of little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) invasion on resident ants in southern China

The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata(Roger)is a major invasive species that seriously threatens the biodiversity of invaded areas.W.auropunctata was first reported in Chinese mainland in 2022 and its impact on native species is still unknown.To evaluate the impact of W.auropunctata invasion on the ant communities in southern China,a series of interspecific competition experiments were conducted in this study.The individual aggression index and group aggression experiments showed the advantage of W.auropunctata in competition with 5 resident ants under equal worker numbers.When encountering Anoplolepis gracilipes,Camponotus nicobarensis,Tetramorium bicarinatum,Polyrhachis dives,and Solenopsis invicta,W.auropunctata gradually gained a competitive advantage with an increase in its number of workers.In the group aggression experiments with equal worker numbers,there was a negative correlation between the body length and mortality rate of resident ants.The results of the foraging behavior experiments showed that W.auropunctata was able to dominate food resources under competition with Carebara diversa,which also displayed weak competition in the group aggression bioassay.In addition,the abilities to recruit workers and retrieve food were inhibited under competition with S.invicta and T.bicarinatum.The results of the nesting behavior experiments showed that in the 24-h bout of space resource competition,W.auropunctata was dominant over C.diversa,S.invicta,and T.bicarinatum.The results of this study show that W.auropunctata has certain advantages in competition for food and space resources over resident ants in southern China,and some resident ant species may be replaced in the future.

Changing Patterns in Digestive Diseases Mortality in Urban and Rural Areas—China,1987-2021

What is already known about this topic?Digestive diseases(DDs)are a global health concern with a substantial epidemiological and economic impact,given their high prevalence.What is added by this report?This study investigated the trends in mortality related to DDs in China from 1987 to 2021,focusing on the urban-rural divide.Additionally,it aimed to determine the specific impacts of age,period,and cohort on DDs mortality.What are the implications for public health practice?There is a need to prioritize and allocate more resources toward the future management of DDs in order to effectively address the challenges posed by urbanization and aging populations.

Progress in regulating inflammatory biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration

Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)is rising worldwide and leading to significant health issues and financial strain for patients.Traditional treatments for IVDD can alleviate pain but do not reverse disease progression,and surgical removal of the damaged disc may be required for advanced disease.The inflammatory microenvironment is a key driver in the development of disc degeneration.Suitable anti-inflammatory substances are critical for controlling inflammation in IVDD.Several treatment options,including glucocorticoids,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,and biotherapy,are being studied for their potential to reduce inflammation.However,anti-inflammatories often have a short half-life when applied directly and are quickly excreted,thus limiting their therapeutic effects.Biomaterial-based platforms are being explored as anti-inflammation therapeutic strategies for IVDD treatment.This review introduces the pathophysiology of IVDD and discusses anti-inflammatory therapeutics and the components of these unique biomaterial platforms as comprehensive treatment systems.We discuss the strengths,shortcomings,and development prospects for various biomaterials platforms used to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment,thus providing guidance for future breakthroughs in IVDD treatment.

Hydrogel microspheres for bone regeneration through regulation of the regenerative microenvironment

Bone defects are a prevalent category of skeletal tissue disorders in clinical practice,with a range of pathogenic factors and frequently suboptimal clinical treatment effects.In bone regeneration of bone defects,the bone regeneration microenvironment-composed of physiological,chemical,and physical components-is the core element that dynamically coordinates to promote bone regeneration.In recent years,medical biomaterials with bioactivity and functional tunability have been widely researched upon and applied in the fields of tissue replacement/regeneration,and remodelling of organ structure and function.The biomaterial treatment system based on the comprehensive regulation strategy of bone regeneration microenvironment is expected to solve the clinical problem of bone defect.Hydrogel microspheres(HMS)possess a highly specific surface area and porosity,an easily adjustable physical structure,and high encapsulation efficiency for drugs and stem cells.They can serve as highly efficient carriers for bioactive factors,gene agents,and stem cells,showing potential advantages in the comprehensive regulation of bone regeneration microenvironment to enhance bone regeneration.This review aims to clarify the components of the bone regeneration microenvironment,the application of HMS in bone regeneration,and the associated mechanisms.It also discusses various preparation materials and methods of HMS and their applications in bone tissue engineering.Furthermore,it elaborates on the relevant mechanisms by which HMS regulates the physiological,chemical,and physical microenvironment in bone regeneration to achieve bone regeneration.Finally,we discuss the future prospects of the HMS system application for comprehensive regulation of bone regeneration microenvironment,to provide novel perspectives for the research and application of HMS in the bone tissue engineering field.

Regulation of the inflammatory cycle by a controllable release hydrogel for eliminating postoperative inflammation after discectomy

Surgery is the final choice for most patients with intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD).Operation-caused trauma will cause inflammation in the intervertebral disc.Serious inflammation will cause tissue defects and induce tissue degeneration,IDD recurrence and the occurrence of other diseases.Therefore,we proposed a scheme to treat recurrence after discectomy by inhibiting inflammation with an aspirin(ASP)-loaded hydrogel to restore the mechanical stability of the spine and relieve local inflammation.ASP-liposomes(ASP-Lips)were incorporated into a photocrosslinkable gelatin-methacryloyl(GelMA)via mixing.This material can effectively alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the release of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.We further assessed the expression of inflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin 6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and degeneration-related factors,such as type II collagen(COL-2),Aggrecan,matrix metallopeptidases-3(MMP-3),MMP-13,a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4(ADAMTS-4)and ADAMTS-5 in rat nucleus pulpous cells.The level of IDD was analyzed through H&E,safranin-O staining and immunohistochemistry in rabbit samples.In vitro,we found that ASP-Lip@GelMA treatment significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines,MMP-3 and-13,and ADAMTS-4 and-5 and up-regulated COL-2 and Aggrecan via the inhibited release of HMGB-1 from the nucleus.In vivo,ASP-Lip@GelMA can effectively inhibit inflammation of local tissue after disc surgery and fill local tissue defects.This composite hydrogel system is a promising way to treat the recurrence of IDD after surgery without persistent complications.

Exhausted local lactate accumulation via injectable nanozyme-functionalized hydrogel microsphere for inflammation relief and tissue regeneration

Local lactate accumulation greatly hinders tissue repair and regeneration under ischemic condition.Herein,an injectable microsphere(MS@MCL)for local lactate exhaustion was constructed by grafting manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))-lactate oxidase(LOX)composite nanozyme on microfluidic hyaluronic acid methacrylate(HAMA)microspheres via chemical bonds,achieving a long-term oxygen-promoted lactate exhaustion effect and a long half-life in vivo.The uniform and porous microspheres synthesized by microfluidic technology is beneficial to in situ injection therapy and improving encapsulation efficiency.Furthermore,chemical grafting into HAMA microspheres through amide reactions promoted local enzymatic concentration and activity enhancement.It was showed that the MS@MCL eliminated oxidative and inflammatory stress and promoted extracellular matrix metabolism and cell survival when co-cultured with nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)in vitro.In the rat degenerative intervertebral disc model caused by lactate injection,MS@MCL showed a long-term therapeutic effect in reducing intervertebral height narrowing and preventing extracellular matrix(ECM)degradation as well as inflammatory damage in vivo.Altogether,this study confirms that this nanozyme-functionalized injectable MS@MCL effectively improves the regenerative and reparative effect in ischemic tissues by disposing of enriched lactate in local microenvironment.

Abnormal Brain Structure and Function in First-Episode Childhood- and Adolescence-Onset Schizophrenia: Association with Clinical Symptoms

Dear Editor,Schizophrenia is one of the most complicated and serious psychiatric disorders, and patients often show markedly disrupted structural and functional abnormalities during resting-state imaging scans of the brain. Patients with firstepisode childhood- and adolescence-onset schizophrenia (CAOS) refers to individuals under the age of 18 years whose first episode of illness had occurred before they were 13 years old [1]. The symptoms are similar to adultonset schizophrenia-auditory hallucinations or language deficits and abnormal cognition. However, CAOS patients often present with more severe psychotic symptoms and have a worse prognosis and treatment effect [2].