Robust and Trustworthy Data Sharing Framework Leveraging On-Chain and Off-Chain Collaboration

The proliferation of Internet of Things(IoT)systems has resulted in the generation of substantial data,presenting new challenges in reliable storage and trustworthy sharing.Conventional distributed storage systems are hindered by centralized management and lack traceability,while blockchain systems are limited by low capacity and high latency.To address these challenges,the present study investigates the reliable storage and trustworthy sharing of IoT data,and presents a novel system architecture that integrates on-chain and off-chain data manage systems.This architecture,integrating blockchain and distributed storage technologies,provides high-capacity,high-performance,traceable,and verifiable data storage and access.The on-chain system,built on Hyperledger Fabric,manages metadata,verification data,and permission information of the raw data.The off-chain system,implemented using IPFS Cluster,ensures the reliable storage and efficient access to massive files.A collaborative storage server is designed to integrate on-chain and off-chain operation interfaces,facilitating comprehensive data operations.We provide a unified access interface for user-friendly system interaction.Extensive testing validates the system’s reliability and stable performance.The proposed approach significantly enhances storage capacity compared to standalone blockchain systems.Rigorous reliability tests consistently yield positive outcomes.With average upload and download throughputs of roughly 20 and 30 MB/s,respectively,the system’s throughput surpasses the blockchain system by a factor of 4 to 18.

Cross-Layer QoS Enabled SDN-Like Publish/Subscribe Communication Infrastructure for IoT

Publish/subscribe paradigm is often adopted to create the communication infrastructure of the Internet of Things(IoT)for many clients to access enormous real-time sensor data.However,most current publish/subscribe middlewares are based on traditional ossified IP networks,which are difficult to enable Quality of Service(QoS).How to design the next generation publish/subscribe middleware has become an urgent problem.The emerging Software Defined Networking(SDN)provides new opportunities to improve the QoS of publish/subscribe facilities for delivering events in IoT owing to its customized programmability and centralized control.We can encode event topics,priorities and security policies into flow entries of SDN-enabled switches to satisfy personalized QoS needs.In this paper,we propose a cross-layer QoS enabled SDN-like publish/subscribe communication infrastructure,aiming at building an IoT platform to seamlessly connect IoT services with SDN networks and improving the QoS of delivering events.We first present an SDN-like topic-oriented publish/subscribe middleware architecture with a cross-layer QoS control framework.Then we discuss prototype implementation,including topic management,topology maintenance,event routing and policy management.In the end,we use differentiated services and cross-layer access control as cross-layer QoS scenarios to verify the prototype.Experimental results show that our middleware is effective.

Bibliometric Analysis on Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. in China during 2006-2016

The development prospect of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. is receiving much concern of domestic researchers. In this paper,literature of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. was taken as basis,and bibliometric analysis method was used to make statistics of distribution of years,research institutions,authors,and research fields. The results showed that research fields of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. in China were mainly ecological restoration,accounting for 13. 27% of the total literature; the research took on dynamic and diversified cooperation trend. In recent 5 years,the number of papers significantly increased,accounting for 93. 04% of the total literature. The distribution of authors and regions were relatively concentrated,but the overall level of research is low.

Establishment of a Parkinson’s disease model in rats via striatal one-site double injection Feasibility observation

BACKGROUND： To date, many 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA）-lesioned rat models have been established by injecting 6-OHDA into two or more sites in the substantia nigra pars compacta, striatum or median forebrain bundle. The success rate of models established by this method is satisfactory, but it can raise the death rate, and is elaborate and tedious to perform. OBJECTIVE： To observe the difference between injections of 6-OHDA into the striatum from one site and two sites, and to explore the feasibility of establishing Parkinson＇s disease rat models via striatal one-site double injection. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal experiment based on a modeling comparison was performed at the Pharmacology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between August 2005 and April 2006. MATERIALS： A total of 46 male Wistar rats were purchased from Beijing Weitong Lihua Experimental Animal Technical Co., Ltd., China. 6-OHDA hydrogen bromide was sourced from Sigma Co., Ltd., USA. METHODS： All 46 rats were randomized to three groups： one-site injection （n = 18）, two-site injection （n = 18）, and control （n = 10）. Lesions in rat brains were established by infusing 5 μg 6-OHDA into the striatum at the following coordinates： anteroposterior （AP） 1.0 mm, mediolateral （ML） 2.7 mm, dorsoventral （DV）-5.2 or-6.0 mm for the one-site injection group, and AP 1.0 mm, ML 2.5 mm, DV -4.5 mm/AP-0.4 mm, ML 3.5 mm, DV-4.5 mm for the two-site injection group, respectively. Rats in the control group were injected with the same volume of 0.01% ascorbic acid as above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons were detected by immunohistochemistry. Success rates of PD models established by one-site and two-site injection techniques were examined. RESULTS： One rat died in the one-site injection group and four in the two-site injection group. Thus behavioral testing was performed on 31 rats. There was no significant difference in the success rate of PD model establishment between one-site injection and two-site injection groups [82% （14/17） vs. 86% （12/14）, P 〉 0.05]. The numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase -positive neurons in one-site injection and two-site injection groups were not significantly different （ P 〉 0.05）, but they were significantly lower than in the control group（P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： A Parkinson＇s disease model can be established in rats via striatal one-site double injection.

Study on Bryophytes in Sygara Mountain

In order to identify the species of bryophytes in Sygara Mountain in Tibet,2390 samples in the area were collected,identified and analyzed. The results show that bryophytes of Sygara Mountain have 26 families,70 genera and 134 species; among them,25 families,69 genera and 133 species are mosses,and only one is liverwort,namely Conocephalum conicum( L.) Dum. 4 dominant families are in the descending order of Bryaceae,Dicranaceae,Pottiaceae,Polytrichaceae respectively,and the dominant genera are Hypnum,Brachythecium,Plagiomnium,Racomitrium and Dicranodontium.

Literature Analysis of Bryophytes in China during 2005-2015

In order to study China's bryophyte,this paper uses bibliometrics for statistical analysis of literature about China's bryophyte during 2005-2015.The results show that in terms of published article distribution of different journals,there are 13 kinds of journals with more than 5 papers about bryophyte,accounting for 32.5%; in terms of the number of papers published in different years,it was smallest in 2005,only 16,while it reached the largest number of 33 in 2008; in terms of the number of papers published for different first authors,there are most authors publishing less than 9 papers,accounting for 87.5%,there is only one author publishing 9 papers,and there are 5 people publishing more than 9 papers; in terms of author unit distribution,in the 278 articles collected,there are 12 units publishing papers of less than 6,accounting for 30%,the unit publishing the most papers(36) is Guizhou Normal University,5 units publish 6 papers,accounting for 12.5%,and the units publishing papers of less than 6 account for 57.5%; in terms of literature research level,there are most papers about basic and applied basic research(natural science),accounting for 91.2%,the papers about engineering and technology(natural science) account for 5.5%,and other papers account for 3.3%.

Dissolved Air Flotation in Combination with Ultrafiltration Membrane Modules in Surface Water Treatment

The primary purpose of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of dissolved air flotation(DAF) as pretreatment process for membrane modules in river water treatment.The performances of DAF in combination with an up-flow membrane biofilter(MBF) and a hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane(UFM) were investigated respectively.Removal efficiency of ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm(UV254),ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),particle counts and microbial index were measured for both systems.Results showed that DAF was a robust pretreatment process for floc particles separation despite of raw water quality fluctuations.For DAFUFM system,the monitoring data indicated bacteria breeding,nitrite accumulation in membrane vessel and the ammonia concentration of permeate water even exceeded regulatory limits.By contrast,DAF-MBF system was established via the introduction of multilayer filter media between DAF and curtain type ultrafiltration membrane.In MBF,the matured biological activated carbon(BAC) and zeolite particles guaranteed the efficient removal of both organic matters and ammonia.Moreover,the high dissolved oxygen levels in DAF effluent significantly improved bio-adsorption and degradation of pollutants in MBF.The retention of microorganisms by the membrane not only ensured a high concentration of biomass,but also eliminated the risk of microbes leaking out from MBF.In addition,compared with UFM,the curtain membrane exhibited obviously slower fouling development.These results suggested that the DAF-MBF system was more suitable for purifying raw waters seriously polluted by dissolved contaminants.

An Analysis on the Forestry Technology Work after Afforestation

In recent years,the concept of"Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets"has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people,however,China is still a country with little forest and fragile ecology.This paper expounds the present situation of environmental protection in China,analyzes the main problems and deficiencies in afforestation,puts forward the function of afforestation construction,and makes strategic thinking on environmental protection and afforestation work.

Regulation and application of supramolecular gel with circularly polarized luminescence

Supermolecular gel is a three-dimensional network structure assembled by small molecules or polymers in solvents through noncovalent interaction.The emergence of system complexity occurs spontaneously during the molecular self-assembly process.A multitude of chiral molecular self-assembly systems have been engineered,facilitating the achievement of circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)through the amalgamation of chiral entities with fluorophores.Hydrogen bonding,π-πstacking,and noncovalent forces,such as host-guest interactions and Van der Waals'forces,confer upon supramolecular gels the capacity to react to diverse stimuli.Due to the flexibility of supramolecular assembly,the CPL properties of supramolecular gels have rich controllability and can be used in various applications.In this review,we summarized the examples of CPL-active supramolecular gel assembly,and further summarized the assembly environment factors and external stimuli.Furthermore,the versatility of CPL applications in supramolecular gels is demonstrated,ranging from optical devices,information encryption,biosensing and chemical sensing,and other practical applications.In conclusion,the study provides insights into the multicultural factors influencing CPL in supramolecular gels,describes their applications in various domains,and presents future perspectives in the field.

Chemical construction and anti-HCoV-OC43 evaluation of novel 10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives as dual cofactor inhibitors of TMPRSS2 and SR-B1

Thirty-one new 10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives were subtly constructed through a selective oxidation on the 10-α-C-H induced by sulfonyl and a nucleophilic substitution with the stereoselectivity and scalability.Of them,compound 6b displayed a moderate anti-human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43)potency and blocked the viral entry stage through a host mechanism of action.Using chemoproteomic techniques,both transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2)and scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1)proteins,which act as host cofactors of viral entry,were identified to be the direct targets of 6b against HCoV-OC43.Furthermore,6b may deactivate the TMPRSS2 by inducing a change in protein conformation,rather than binding to its catalytic center,thus suppressing the viral membrane fusion.Accordingly,our study provided key scientific data for the development of aloperine derivatives into a new class of antiviral candidates against humanβ-coronavirus,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).

Author correction to‘Discovery and identification of EIF2AK2 as a direct key target of berberine for anti-inflammatory effects’[Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 13(2023)2138-2151]

The authors regret that there are some misplaced figure numbers in the body of this article due to negligence in the layout and proofreading of the figures.Although it does not affect the conclusion,it is an obvious error.The authors have now modified as below.The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused to the journal and readers.

ETCM v2.0:An update with comprehensive resource and rich annotations for traditional Chinese medicine

Existing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization,integrity and precision,and need to be updated urgently.Herein,an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0(ETCM v2.0,http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/)was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books,9872 Chinese patent drugs,2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients.To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery,we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module,which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient,as well as their binding activities.Importantly,five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0,which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy,to summarize the rules of prescription use,and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials.Moreover,ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced Java Script-based network visualization tool for creating,modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks.ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs,the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing,and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.

Discovery and identification of EIF2AK2 as a direct key target of berberine for anti-inflammatory effects

Using chemoproteomic techniques,we first identified EIF2AK2,eEF1A1,PRDX3 and VPS4B as direct targets of berberine(BBR)for its synergistically anti-inflammatory effects.Of them,BBR has the strongest affinity with EIF2AK2 via two ionic bonds,and regulates several key inflammatory pathways through EIF2AK2,indicating the dominant role of EIF2AK2.Also,BBR could subtly inhibit the dimerization of EIF2AK2,rather than its enzyme activity,to selectively modulate its downstream pathways including JNK,NF-κB,AKT and NLRP3,with an advantage of good safety profile.In EIF2AK2 gene knockdown mice,the inhibitory IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-a secretion of BBR was obviously attenuated,confirming an EIF2AK2-dependent anti-inflammatory efficacy.The results highlight the BBR's network mechanism on anti-inflammatory effects in which EIF2AK2 is a key target,and inhibition of EIF2AK2 dimerization has a potential to be a therapeutic strategy against inflammationrelated disorders.

Discovery and development of tricyclic matrinic derivatives as anti-diabetic candidates by AMPKαactivation

We found compound 12N-p-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl matrinane(1)was a potent anti-diabetic agent.Thirty-five tricyclic matrinic derivatives were synthesized and determined for their stimulatory effects on glucose consumption in L6 myotubes,taking 1 as the lead.In high-fat diet(HFD)and STZ induced diabetic mice,9a significantly lowers blood glucose,improves glucose tolerance,and especially alleviates diabetic nephropathy and islet damage.Mechanism study indicates that 9a simultaneously targets mitochondrial complex I to increase AMP/ATP ratio,as well as liver kinase B1(LKB1)and calcium/calmodulindependent protein kinase(Ca MKK),which synergistically activates AMPKαand then stimulates glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)membrane translocation and 2-deoxyglucose(2-DG)uptake to exert anti-diabetic efficacy.Therefore,compound 9a with a novel structure is a promising anti-diabetic candidate with the advantage of multiple-target mechanism,worthy of further investigation.

D3Targets-2019-nCoV: a webserver for predicting drug targets and for multi-target and multi-site based virtual screening against COVID-19

A highly effective medicine is urgently required to cure coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).For the purpose,we developed a molecular docking based webserver,namely D3 Targets-2019-nCoV,with two functions,one is for predicting drug targets for drugs or active compounds observed from clinic or in vitro/in vivo studies,the other is for identifying lead compounds against potential drug targets via docking.This server has its unique features,(1)the potential target proteins and their different conformations involving in the whole process from virus infection to replication and release were included as many as possible;(2)all the potential ligand-binding sites with volume larger than 200 A^3 on a protein structure were identified for docking;(3)correlation information among some conformations or binding sites was annotated;(4)it is easy to be updated,and is accessible freely to public(https://www.d3 pharma.com/D3 Targets-2019-nCoV/index.php).Currently,the webserver contains 42 proteins[20 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)encoded proteins and 22 human proteins involved in virus infection,replication and release]with 69 different conformations/structures and 557 potential ligand-binding pockets in total.With 6 examples,we demonstrated that the webserver should be useful to medicinal chemists,pharmacologists and clinicians for efficiently discovering or developing effective drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 to cure COVID-19.

Organic manure input and straw cover improved the community structure of nitrogen cycle function microorganism driven by water erosion

Water erosion process induces differences to the nitrogen(N)functional microbial community structure,which is the driving force to key N processes at soil-water interface.However,how the soil N trans-formations associated with water erosion is affected by microorganisms,and how the microbial respond,are still unclear.The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of microbial diversity and community structure of the N-cycle function microorganisms as affected by water erosion under application of organic manure and straw cover.On the basis of iso-nitrogen substitution,four treatments were set up:1)only chemical fertilizer with N 150 kg ha^(-1),P2O560 kg ha^(-1) and K2O 90 kg ha^(-1)(CK);the N was substituted 20%by 2)organic manure(OM);3)straw(SW);and 4)organic manure+straw(1:1)(OMSW).The results showed that applying organic manure and straw to sloping farmland can increase soil N contents,but reduce runoff depth,Kw,sediment yield and N loss,especially in the OMSW.Straw cover and straw+organic manure increased the diversity(Chao1)of nitrifier(AOB),and both diversity and uniformity(Shannon)of denitrifier(nirK/S)were increased in the OMSW.All erosion control mea-sures reduced N-fixing bacteria diversity and increased their uniformity,and the combined application of organic manure and straw cover was a better erosion control measure than the single application of them.Improved soil chemistry and erodibility were the main drives for the changes of N-functional microbial community structure and the appearance of dominant bacteria with different organic materials.

Comparing the effects of Bassini versus tension-freehernioplasty: 3 years’ follow-up

In order to compare the effects of Bassini and tension-free mesh hernioplasty,a total of 552 patients with inguinal hernia who were subjected to surgical treatment in our hospital were randomly divided into the following two groups:the Bassini group(n=269)and the tension-free mesh group(n=283).The recurrence rates,pain,dis-comfort,and other complications were recorded,and the causes of the complications were explored.The recurrence rate in the Bassini group was 8.9%(24/269),significantly higher than that in the tension-free repair group(2.8%,8/283).In addition,the recurrence rates in the Bassini and tension-free groups before 2004 were 12.6%and 5.6%,respectively,which were markedly higher than the rates after 2004(5.3%and 0.7%,respectively).The rate of post-operative discomfort and pain within thefirst three months was higher in the Bassini group compared to the tension-free group(25.7%vs 18.5%,respectively).However,there was no difference after three months in the rate of post-operative discomfort and pain,incidence of infection,or scrotal edema between the two groups.The average hospital stay in the Bassini group was longer than that in the tension-free repair group(7.6�1.2 vs 4.5�2.2 days,respectively),but the cost was lower(4518.0�510 vs 6221.3�578 yuan,respectively).Thus,tension-free mesh hernioplasty is indicated for most inguinal hernia patients due to the low recurrence rate,rapid recovery time,and treatment success,but the traditional Bassini procedure has lower cost and other beneficial effects and is still suitable for some patients.

Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using dissolved air flotation

A novel, functionalized bubble surface can be obtained in dissolved air flotation （DAF） by dosing chemicals in the saturator. In this study, different cationic chemicals were used as bubble surface modifiers, and their effects on natural organic matter （NOM） removal from river water were investigated. NOM in the samples was fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The disinfection byproduct formation potentials of each fraction and their removal efficiencies were also evaluated. The results showed that chitosan was the most promising bubble modifier compared with a surfactant and a synthetic polymer. Tiny bubbles in the OAF pump system facilitated the adsorption of chitosan onto microbubble surfaces. The hydrophobic NOM fraction was preferentially removed by chitosan-modified bubbles. Decreasing the recycle water pH from 7.0 to 5.5 improved the removal of hydrophilic NOM with low molecular weight. Likewise, hydrophilic organic compounds gave high dihaloacetic acid yields in raw water. An enhanced reduction of haloacetic acid precursors was obtained with recycle water at pH values of 5.5 and 4.0. The experimental results indicate that NOM fractions may interact with bubbles through different mechanisms. Positive bubble modification provides an alternative approach for OAF to enhance NOM removal.