Interdecadal variability of summer precipitation in the Three River Source Region: Influences of SST and zonal shifts of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet

Summer precipitation in the Three Rivers Source Region(TRSR)of China is vital for the headwaters of the Yellow,Yangtze,and Lancang rivers and exhibits significant interdecadal variability.This study investigates the influence of the East Asian westerly jet(EAWJ)on TRSR rainfall.A strong correlation is found between TRSR summer precipitation and the Jet Zonal Position Index(JZPI)of the EAWJ from 1961 to 2019(R=0.619,p<0.01).During periods when a positive JZPI indicates a westward shift in the EAWJ,enhanced water vapor anomalies,warmer air,and low-level convergence anomalies contribute to increased TRSR summer precipitation.Using empirical orthogonal function and regression analyses,this research identifies the influence of large-scale circulation anomalies associated with the Atlantic–Eurasian teleconnection(AEA)from the North Atlantic(NA).The interdecadal variability between the NA and central tropical Pacific(CTP)significantly affects TRSR precipitation.This influence is mediated through the AEA via a Rossby wave train extending eastward along the EAWJ,and another south of 45°N.Moreover,the NA–CTP Opposite Phase Index(OPI),which quantifies the difference between the summer mean sea surface temperatures of the NA and the CTP,is identified as a critical factor in modulating the strength of this teleconnection and influencing the zonal position of the EAWJ.

Characterization of the core microflora and nutrient composition in packaged pasteurized milk products during storage

Pasteurized milk contains complex microbial communities affected by sterilization and storage conditions.This complex microflora may be the possible reason that pasteurized dairy products are highly prone to spoilage.In this study,packaged pasteurized milk products collected from dairy processing factories in China were stored at 0,4,10,15,and 25℃ for 0−15 days and subjected to microbial identification using high-throughput sequencing.Accordingly,6 phyla and 44 genera were identified as the dominant microbiota.Moreover,the changes in nutritional composition of the pasteurized milk,including in 16 free amino acids,7 taste values,and 8 chemical constituents,were analyzed using principal component and multi-factor analyses.The Pearson correlation analysis identified Pseudomonas,Aeromonas,Paenibacillus,and Serratia genera as the core functional microbiota that significantly affects the nutritional composition of pasteurized milk.Hence,the results provide a comprehensive understanding of the safety and shelf-life of stored pasteurized milk.

Encapsulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using self-assembling food-derived proteins for efficient biological functions

Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA;22n-6)possesses multiple biological functions, including antioxidant activity and ameliorating hypertriglyceridemia. However, the application of DHA has been limited due to poor aqueous solubility and susceptible to oxidation. Here, ovalbumin(O), myosin(M), 7S soy globulin(S), and β-lactoglobulin(β), hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin, self-assembled into micelles, respectively. Adding incremental DHA to micelles caused endogenous fluorescence quenching of O, M, S, and β micelles, implying successful incorporation of DHA into hydrophobic cores of micelles(O(DHA), M(DHA), S(DHA), and β(DHA)). The results showed that micelles provided spatial stability and improved solubility, and stability against thermal and ultraviolet(UV)light for DHA. The uptake of DHA from M(DHA), β(DHA), O(DHA), and S(DHA)was 3.27-, 3.91-, 2.7-, and 3.95-fold higher, respectively, than that of DHA by Caco-2 cells. Encapsulation in micelles increased DHA aqueous solubility and uptake, which enhanced cellular endogenous antioxidant defense. Meanwhile, increased uptake of DHA was verified by HepG2 cells, and O, M, S, and β micelles were proven to increase DHA uptake to reduce lipid deposition. Our findings strongly support the possibility that O, M, S, and β micelles can be regarded as a carrier for loading DHA.

Stability evaluation method of large cross-section tunnel considering modification of thickness-span ratio in mechanized operation

Purpose-This study aims to research the large cross-section tunnel stability evaluation method corrected after considering the thickness-span ratio.Design/methodology/approach-First,taking the Liuyuan Tunnel of Huanggang-Huangmei High-Speed Railway as an example and taking deflection of the third principal stress of the surrounding rock at a vault after tunnel excavation as the criterion,the critical buried depth of the large section tunnel was determined.Then,the strength reduction method was employed to calculate the tunnel safety factor under different rock classes and thickness-span ratios,and mathematical statistics was conducted to identify the relationships of the tunnel safety factor with the thickness-span ratio and the basic quality(BQ)index of the rock for different rock classes.Finally,the influences of thickness-span ratio,groundwater,initial stress of rock and structural attitude factors were considered to obtain the corrected BQ,based on which the stability of a large cross-section tunnel with a depth of more than 100 m during mechanized operation was analyzed.This evaluation method was then applied to Liuyuan Tunnel and Cimushan No.2 Tunnel of Chongqing Urban Expressway for verification.Findings-This study shows that under different rock classes,the tunnel safety factor is a strict power function of the thickness-span ratio,while a linear function of the BQ to some extent.It is more suitable to use the corrected BQ as a quantitative index to evaluate tunnel stability according to the actual conditions of the site.Originality/value-The existing industry standards do not consider the influence of buried depth and span in the evaluation of tunnel stability.The stability evaluation method of large section tunnel considering the correction of overburden span ratio proposed in this paper achieves higher accuracy for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock in a full or large-section mechanized excavation of double line high-speed railway tunnels.

Consumers' Travel Behavior to Shopping Centers

Based on the questionnaire data,this study analyzes the characteristics of Wuhu citizens' travel behavior in shopping centers.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)the frequency of trips to shopping centers has a great correlation with consumersJ economic level and social status;(2)the time spent to purchase goods is positively correlated with the level of goods;(3)multipurpose shopping becomes the mainstream;(4)traffic becomes the primary factor for consumers to consider;(5)the availability of supermarkets and cinemas at shopping centers affect consumers'choice of shopping centers.

Suboptimal reporting of randomized controlled trials on non-pharmacological therapies in Chinese medicine

With the successive release of the CONSORT extensions for acupuncture,moxibustion,cupping,and Tuina/massage,this review aims to assess the reporting characteristics and quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)based on these specific guidelines.A comprehensive review was conducted by searching multiple databases,including Embase,Ovid MEDLINE(R),All EBM Reviews,AMED,CNKI,VIP Chinese Medical Journal Database,and Wanfang Data,for publications from January 1 to December 31,2022.Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility of the records,extracted predetermined information,and assessed the reporting based on the STRICTA,STRICTOM,STRICTOC,and STRICTOTM checklists.Among the included 387 studies(acupuncture,213;Tuina/massage,85;moxibustion,73;cupping,16),the overall reporting compliance averaged 56.0%,with acupuncture leading at 62.6%,followed by cupping(60.2%),moxibustion(53.1%),and Tuina/massage(47.9%).About half of the evaluated items showed poor reporting(compliance rate<65%).Notably,international journals demonstrated significantly higher reporting quality than Chinese journals(P<0.05).Although acupuncture trials had relatively higher compliance rates,deficiencies persist in reporting non-pharmacological therapies of Chinese medicine,particularly in areas like treatment environment details and provider background information.

城市产业的就业扩张对个体创业活动的影响研究

本文阐述了产业扩张对创业行为影响的理论机制,通过研究宏观经济创业环境因素与个体创业活动的关系,进一步拓展了创业研究。利用CFPS数据和地级市层面的分产业就业扩张数据,探究城市产业扩张对生存型创业和机会型创业的影响。研究表明,中间服务行业的扩张对机会型创业和生存型创业均产生了显著的负向影响;新兴服务行业的扩张对机会型创业产生了显著的负向影响;第二产业的扩张对生存型创业产生了显著的负向影响;传统服务行业扩张对生存型和机会型个体选择创业并没有产生显著影响。总的来说,产业的就业扩张会抑制个体的创业意愿。高质量的就业机会增加与创业对于经济稳定发展都很重要。

An electronic nose using a single graphene FET and machine learning for water, methanol, and ethanol

The poor gas selectivity problem has been a long-standing issue for miniaturized chemical-resistor gas sensors.The electronic nose(e-nose)was proposed in the 1980s to tackle the selectivity issue,but it required top-down chemical functionalization processes to deposit multiple functional materials.Here,we report a novel gas-sensing scheme using a single graphene field-effect transistor(GFET)and machine learning to realize gas selectivity under particular conditions by combining the unique properties of the GFET and e-nose concept.Instead of using multiple functional materials,the gas-sensing conductivity profiles of a GFET are recorded and decoupled into four distinctive physical properties and projected onto a feature space as 4D output vectors and classified to differentiated target gases by using machine-learning analyses.Our single-GFET approach coupled with trained pattern recognition algorithms was able to classify water,methanol,and ethanol vapors with high accuracy quantitatively when they were tested individually.Furthermore,the gas-sensing patterns of methanol were qualitatively distinguished from those of water vapor in a binary mixture condition,suggesting that the proposed scheme is capable of differentiating a gas from the realistic scenario of an ambient environment with background humidity.As such,this work offers a new class of gas-sensing schemes using a single GFET without multiple functional materials toward miniaturized e-noses.

Preparation,structural characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharides from mulberry(Mori Fructus)

Mulberry(Mori Fructus),a highly promising functional food,has long exhibited multiple therapeutic effects as a tonic in traditional Chinese food and pharmacology.Polysaccharides have been regarded as the pivotal pharmacological ingredient in mulberry.In this study,structural characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharides from mulberry(PFM-3)were determined.The results showed that PFM-3 was a pyranose containing carboxyl group,which was mainly composed of glucose(Glc)and a small amount of mannose(Man)and fucose(Fuc).The molecular weight of PFM-3 was 96.17 kDa,and the surface of PFM-3 was compact and uniform crack.PFM-3 markedly decreased lipid accumulation,triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterin(LDL-C)on hyperlipidemia human hepatocellular carcinoma(HepG2)cells.PFM-3 recovered nuclear morphometry and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),enhanced the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GPx)and decreased cell arrest in G2 phase on oxidative stress HepG2 cells.In addition,PFM-3 promoted the decline of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and the augment of interleukin-10(IL-10)secretion on inflammatory mouse leukemia cells of monocyte macrophage(RAW 264.7).This work provides a certificate that PFM-3 could markedly improve cellular lipid accumulation,endogenous antioxidant defense capacity and inflammation levels to further use for treatment and amelioration of related diseases.