High-resolution neutronics model for ^(238)Pu production in high-flux reactors

We proposed and compared three methods(filter burnup,single energy burnup,and burnup extremum analysis)to build a high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux reactors.The filter burnup and single energy burnup methods have no theoretical approximation and can achieve a spectrum resolution of up to~1 eV,thereby constructing the importance curve and yield curve of the full energy range.The burnup extreme analysis method combines the importance and yield curves to consider the influence of irradiation time on production efficiency,thereby constructing extreme curves.The three curves,which quantify the transmutation rate of the nuclei in each energy region,are of physical significance because they have similar distributions.A high-resolution neutronics model for ^(238)Pu production was established based on these three curves,and its universality and feasibility were proven.The neutronics model can guide the neutron spectrum optimization and improve the yield of ^(238)Pu by up to 18.81%.The neutronics model revealed the law of nuclei transmutation in all energy regions with high spectrum resolution,thus providing theoretical support for high-flux reactor design and irradiation production of ^(238)Pu.

Rapid diagnostic method for transplutonium isotope production in high flux reactors

Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of transplutonium isotope produc-tion using ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu as examples.Traditional methods based on the Monte Carlo burnup calculation have the limitations of many calculations and cannot analyze the individual energy intervals in detail;thus,they cannot sup-port the refined evaluation,screening,and optimization of the irradiation schemes.After understanding the physical nature and simplifying the complexity of the production process,we propose a rapid diagnostic method for evaluating radiation schemes based on the concepts“single energy interval value(SEIV)”and“energy spectrum total value(ESTV)”.The rapid diagnostic method not only avoids tedious burnup calculations,but also provides a direction for optimization.The optimal irradiation schemes for producing ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu are determined based on a rapid diagnostic method.Optimal irradiation schemes can significantly improve production efficiency.Compared with the initial scheme,the optimal scheme improved the production efficiency of ^(238)Pu by 7.41 times;^(242)Cm,11.98 times;^(244)Cm,65.20 times;and ^(252)Cf,15.08 times.Thus,a refined analysis of transplutonium isotope production is conducted and provides a theoretical basis for improving production efficiency.

基于最优匹配的异质处理效应估计

在观察性研究中,识别子组和探索异质性具有实际意义。然而,由于缺乏反事实结果和存在选择偏差,基于个体层面的因果推断是一个具有挑战性的问题。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个名为TRIMATCH的通用框架,用于估计异质处理效应。首先,通过解决基于三分图网络结构中的最小平均成本流优化问题来找到最佳匹配。其次,利用上一步获得的伪个体处理效应,建立了一个非参数回归模型来预测具有不同特征的个体的异质处理效应。实验结果证明了本文提出的匹配方法的有效性和结果的可解释性。

Discussion on Collection of Precious Meteorological Archives under the Background of New Archives Law

On January 1,2021,the newly revised Archives Law of the People's Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the new Archives Law)was officially implemented,providing legal protection for archive management,archive work and archive undertaking in the new era.Starting from the relevant provisions of the new Archives Law,the collection of precious meteorological archives was discussed,and it is believed that only on the basis of clarifying the definition,collection responsibility subject,collection scope,ways and methods of precious meteorological archives can the relevant units be convenient to practice and obtain substantive collection effect.

Psychological status and diabetes-related distress of Chinese type 1 diabetes patients in Jiangsu province, China

We sought to assess the psychological status and diabetes-related distress of Chinese type 1 diabetes patients in Jiangsu province, China. According to the World Health Organization criteria, 42 patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled in the study and assessed with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Diabetes Distress Scale （DDS）. All data were tabulated and statistical analyses were performed. The study summarized cases of 42 patients with type 1 diabetes, including 17 males and 25 females with a mean age of 23- 12 years and a mean duration of diabetes of 7_ 6 years. Compared to the Chinese normative data, the SAS standard score was significantly higher, whereas SDS standard score had no statistical significance. The SAS standard score was most highly correlated with diabetes duration （y = 0.547, P = 0.011）. Additionally, 19.5% of the patients had moderate or even severe diabetes-related distress and 21.4% had moderate or even severe emo- tional burden while 26.2% had regimen-related distress. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the mean correlation between DDS and the four domains was high, particularly the emotional burden domain （esti- mated D = 0.363, P 〈 0.001） and regimen-related distress domain （estimated 13 = 0.356, P 〈 0.001）. The correlation between SAS and DDS was positive （estimated 13 = 0.039, P = 0.027）. In conclusion, the results showed the im- portance of psychological aspects in Chinese individuals with type 1 diabetes. Screening and treatment of psycho- logical aspects may result in better adherence and increased quality of life for patients with diabetes.

Novel Ru - K/Carbon Nanotubes Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis

A novel ammonia synthesis catalyst, potassium-promoted ruthenium supported on carbon nanotubes, was developed. It was found that the Ru-K/carbon nanotubes catalyst had higher activity for ammonia synthesis (20.85 ml NH3/h/g-cat) than the Ru-K/fullerenes ( 13.3 ml NH3/h/g-cat) at atmospheric pressure and 623 K. The catalyst had activity even at 473 K, and had the highest activity( 23.46 ml NH3/h/g-cat) at 643 K. It was suggested that the multi-walled structure favored the electron transfer, the hydrogen-storage and the hydrogen-spill which were favorable to ammonia synthesis.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy subject to deep cryogenic treatments

AZ91 magnesium alloy was subjected to a deep cryogenic treatment. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electronic microscopy （TEM） methods were utilized to characterize the composition and microstructure of the treated samples. The results show that after two cryogenic treatments, the quantity of the precipitate hardening β phase increases, and the sizes of the precipitates are refined from 8-10μm to 2-4μm. This is expected to be due to the decreased solubility of aluminum in the matrix at low temperature and the significant plastic deformation owing to internal differences in thermal contraction between phases and grains. The polycrystalline matrix is also noticeably refined, with the sizes of the subsequent nanocrystalline grains in the range of 50-100 nm. High density dislocations are observed to pile up at the grain boundaries, inducing the dynamic recrystallization of the microstructure, leading to the generation of a nanocrystalline grain structure. After two deep cryogenic treatments, the tensile strength and elongation are found to be substantially increased, rising from 243 MPa and 4.4% of as-cast state to 299 MPa and 5.1%.

单侧入路双侧减压TLIF手术与双侧小切口PLIF手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的疗效对比

目的探讨后路减压椎间植骨融合内固定手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的手术疗效,并对比单侧入路双侧减压TLIF手术与双侧小切口PLIF手术的临床疗效。方法共纳入2013-07-2015-07手术治疗的71例腰椎管狭窄症患者,依据随机数字表法,将71例分为两组:其中A组33例,均采用单侧入路双侧减压TLIF手术治疗;B组38例,均采用双侧小切口PLIF手术治疗。术后均随访2年以上,对比两组患者的手术疗效。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量和住院时间均相近,但与B组相比,A组的术后引流量更少(P<0.05),且A组术后1、3 d的肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)水平显著低于B组(P<0.05);两组术后VAS评分和ODI评分均显著低于术前,但A组术后3、12个月的两项指标均显著低于B组(P<0.05);末次随访时,A组的椎间融合率为93.9%(31/33),B组为92.1%(35/38),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与双侧小切口PLIF手术相比,单侧入路双侧减压技术行TLIF手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症亦可取得较好疗效,且创伤更小,较好地保留了脊柱后方结构,有临床应用价值。

Optimization of reed-specific degrading bacteria by response surfaces for remediation of crude oil-polluted soil in Xinjiang,China

This paper discussed the optimization of conditions for remediation of crude oil-polluted soil based on pot experiment by applying reed-specific degrading bacteria, and using response surfaces methodology. We took the initial crude oil concentration, the amount of inoculation, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the use of surfactant （Tween-80） as independent variables （factors）, and the degrading ratio of crude oil as the dependent variable （response） after a 90-day experiment. The experiment explored the impacts of each independent variable and their interactions on the bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil using the Box-Behnken design. Working with a simulated forecasting model the study obtained optimization va reed＋specific degrading bacteria, a nitrogen to phosphorus ues for the treatment parameters of 200 g/kg of the ratio of about 6.0. and 0.2% surfactant. Under experimental conditions, for crude oil concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 g/kg, the optimal effects of the treatments achieved 71.87%, 66.61% and 54.52% degradation of the crude oil, respectively. The results can provide a basis for the technical development of plant-microorganism combined bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil.

Sensitivity enhancement of WS2-coated SPR-based optical fiber biosensor for detecting glucose concentration

In this paper,we propose a theoretical model of the surface plasmon resonance-based optical fiber biosensor for detecting glucose concentration.The Au/ZnO/WS2 multilayer film is coated around optical fiber.Compared with the conventional surface plasmon resonance sensor,WS2 material can increase the sensitivity of the biosensor.The absorption capacity of WS2 is used to load glucose oxidase by forming a sensitive area to recognize glucose.Refractive index of the solution is calculated and then the concentration of the glucose can be obtained by the correspondence between refractive index and glucose concentration.The highest sensitivity of the SPR biosensor with a structure of 40-nm Au/5-nm ZnO/14 layers of WS2 is 4310 nm/RIU.The proposed WS2-based SPR fiber biosensor has a unique effect on the detection of glucose concentration.It is expected to have potential applications in future medical blood glucose concentration detection.

外踝远端钩钢板治疗外踝远端骨折的疗效分析

目的评价外踝远端钩钢板治疗外踝远端骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自2013年1月至2017年1月收治的单纯外踝远端骨折27例,男性16例,女性11例;年龄25～55岁,平均年龄(38±9)岁。27例均采用外踝远端钩钢板治疗。术后定期随访,采用踝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)和评分系统评价踝关节功能康复情况。结果 27例中25例获得随访,术后随访19～47个月,平均(31±9)个月。末次随访时,患侧踝关节活动度ROM(包括屈伸、内翻、外翻)较健侧比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Mazur评分平均(88.64±3.41)分,优17例,良6例,可1例,差1例,优良率92.00%。结论外踝远端钩钢板治疗外踝远端骨折可达到解剖复位,固定牢靠,满足早期功能锻练,有利于踝关节功能康复,操作简便,对软组织刺激小。

两种方法整复合并Hill-Sacks损伤的难复性肩关节喙突下脱位

目的:评价对抗牵引法整复合并Hill-Sacks损伤的难复性肩关节喙突下脱位的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2013年12月至2020年6月收治的56例合并Hill-Sacks损伤的难复性肩关节前脱位患者,脱位类型均为喙突下脱位。在肩关节腔注射麻醉下分别采用对抗牵引法(试验组)和传统Hippocrates法(对照组)进行复位,各28例。其中试验组男11例,女17例;年龄(61.95±19.32)岁;左侧9例,右侧19例。对照组男12例,女16例;年龄(63.13±12.75)岁;左侧11例,右侧17例。治疗前后分别对两组疗效进行评价,包括复位成功率、复位时长、复位成功距离受伤时间、并发症和功能恢复情况(肩关节Constant评分)。结果:试验组和对照组复位成功率分别为92.86%(26/28)和67.86%(19/28),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单纯复位时长分别为(4.25±2.13)min和(6.31±1.69)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);复位成功距离受伤时间分别为(9.16±0.94)h和(8.94±1.31)h,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组无血管神经损伤和骨折等并发症发生,对照组2例腋神经损伤,1例肱骨头骨折。试验组和对照组肩关节Constant评分分别为(92.34±5.62)分和(90.91±4.73)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:采用肩关节腔注射麻醉下对抗牵引法整复合并Hill-Sacks损伤的难复性肩关节喙突下脱位的成功率高,并发症相对较少。

Novel Silicon Nanotubes

Novel silicon nanotubes with inner-diameter of 60-80 nm was prepared using; hydrogen-added dechlorination of SiCl4 followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a NixMgyO catalyst. The TEM observation showed that the suitable reaction temperature is 973 K for the formation of silicon nanotubes. Most of silicon nanotubes have one open end and some have two closed ends. The shape of nanoscale silicon, however, isa micro-crystal type at 873 K, a rod or needle type at 993 K and an onion-type at 1023 K, respectively.

合并Hill-Sack损伤的难复性肩关节前脱位对抗牵引法整复效果

目的探讨合并Hill-Sack损伤的难复性肩关节前脱位对抗牵引法整复的技巧、机制和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析北京市石景山医院2017-01至2020-12收治的26例合并Hill-Sack损伤的难复性喙突下肩关节脱位的患者,采用肩关节腔注射麻醉下对抗牵引法进行整复,总结复位前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、复位成功率、复位时长、复位过程中的面部表情评分(FRS)和相关并发症。结果本组患者术前VAS评分为(7.23±2.19)分,术中FRS评分为(2.04±0.37)分,复位后即刻VAS评分为(2.17±0.93)分,复位时长为(6.35±2.31)min,复位成功率为96.15%,整复过程中无血管、神经损伤和医源性骨折发生。术后6周Constant评分总分为(91.71±6.28)分,所有患者在此期间均未发生再次脱位。结论在肩关节腔注射麻醉下,采用对抗牵引法整复合并Hill-Sack损伤的喙突下肩关节脱位的成功率高,并发症少,整体复位过程患者满意度高。

Detection of scene-irrelevant head movements via eye-head coordination information

Background Accurate motion tracking in head-mounted displays(HMDs)has been widely used in immersive VR interaction technologies.However,tracking the head motion of users at all times is not always desirable.During a session of HMD usage,users may make scene-irrelevant head rotations,such as adjusting the head position to avoid neck pain or responding to distractions from the physical world.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study that addresses the problem of scene-irrelevant head movements.Methods We trained a classifier to detect scene-irrelevant motions using temporal eye head-coordinated information sequences.To investigate the usefulness of the detection results,we propose a technique to suspend motion tracking in HMDs where scene-irrelevant motions are detected.Results/Conclusions Experimental results demonstrate that the scene-relevancy of movements can be detected using eye-head coordination information,and that ignoring scene-irrelevant head motions in HMDs improves user continuity without increasing sickness or breaking immersion.

The difference of the ionomer–catalyst interfaces for poly(aryl piperidinium)hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells

The microstructures of the ionomer–catalyst interfaces in the catalyst layers are important for the fuel cell performance because they determine the distribution of the active triple-phase boundaries.Here,we investigate the ionomer–catalyst interactions in hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells(HEMFCs)using poly(aryl piperidinium)and compare them with proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).It is found that different catalyst layer microstructures are between the two types of fuel cell.The ionomer/carbon(I/C)ratio does not have a remarkable impact on the HEMFC performance,while it has a strong impact on the PEMFC performance,indicating the weaker interaction between the HEMFC ionomer and catalyst.Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the HEMFC ionomer tends to distribute on the carbon support,unlike the PEMFC ionomer,which heavily covers the Pt nanoparticles.These results suggest that the poisoning effect of the ionomer on the catalyst is much weaker in HEMFCs,and the improved ionomer/catalyst interaction is beneficial for the HEMFC performances.

Decitabine in combination with idarubicin within a modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen for patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome:A prospective multicenter clinical cohort study

To the Editor:Allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)represents the only long-term survival treatment choice for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)and MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN).Unfortunately,post-hemopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)relapse remains a cause of treatment failure and the results of salvage treatments are poor.Developing better conditioning regimens is urgently needed.Previous studies have shown synergistic antileukemic effects between decitabine(DEC)and idarubicin(IDA).[1]In an attempt to design a conditioning strategy with very low toxicity but considerable myelosuppressive activity and potential immune-enhancing effects for patients with high-risk MDS and MDS/MPN,we combined DEC and IDA with busulfan,cyclophosphamide,andudarabine for a modied myeloablative regimen in this prospective,multicenter cohort study(hereafter referred to as the“DEC/IDA study”).

Focusing on your subject:Deep subject-aware image composition recommendation networks

Photo composition is one of the most important factors in the aesthetics of photographs.As a popular application,composition recommendation for a photo focusing on a specific subject has been ignored by recent deep-learning-based composition recommendation approaches.In this paper,we propose a subject-aware image composition recommendation method,SAC-Net,which takes an RGB image and a binary subject window mask as input,and returns good compositions as crops containing the subject.Our model first determines candidate scores for all possible coarse cropping windows.The crops with high candidate scores are selected and further refined by regressing their corner points to generate the output recommended cropping windows.The final scores of the refined crops are predicted by a final score regression module.Unlike existing methods that need to preset several cropping windows,our network is able to automatically regress cropping windows with arbitrary aspect ratios and sizes.We propose novel stability losses for maximizing smoothness when changing cropping windows along with view changes.Experimental results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods not only on the subject-aware image composition recommendation task,but also for general purpose composition recommendation.We also have designed a multistage labeling scheme so that a large amount of ranked pairs can be produced economically.We use this scheme to propose the first subject-aware composition dataset SACD,which contains 2777 images,and more than 5 million composition ranked pairs.The SACD dataset is publicly available at https://cg.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/SACD/.

The heterogeneity of islet autoantibodies and the progression of islet failure in type 1 diabetic patients

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is heterogeneous in many facets. The patients suffered from type 1 diabetes present several levels of islet function as well as variable number and type of islet-specific autoantibodies. This study was to investigate prevalence and heterogeneity of the islet autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes of type 1 diabetes mellitus; and also discussed the process of islet failure and its risk factors in Chinese type 1 diabetic patients. A total of 1,291 type 1 diabetic patients were enrolled in this study. Demographic information was collected. Laboratory tests including mixed-meal tolerance test, human leukocyte antigen alleles, hemoglobin A1 c, lipids, thyroid function and islet autoantibodies were conducted. The frequency of islet-specific autoantibody in newly diagnosed T1 DM patients(duration shorter than half year) was 73% in East China. According to binary logistic regressions, autoantibody positivity, longer duration and lower Body Mass Index were the risk factors of islet failure. As the disease developed, autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase declined as well as the other two autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 and islet antigen 2. The decrease of autoantibodies was positively correlated with aggressive beta cell destruction. Autoantibodies can facilitate the identification of classic T1 DM from other subtypes and predict the progression of islet failure. As there were obvious heterogeneity in autoantibodies and clinical manifestation in different phenotypes of the disease, we should take more factors into consideration when identifying type 1 diabetes mellitus.

双隧道弹性固定下胫腓联合损伤

[目的]介绍双束双隧道弹性固定下胫腓联合损伤的手术技术和初步临床结果。[方法]2017年6月~2019年6月,对13例下胫腓联合完全损伤的患者采用Endobutton钢板进行双束双隧道立体仿生弹性固定。先将下胫腓联合解剖复位,然后在踝关节休息位采用定位导向器自腓骨外侧偏后、胫距关节近端3.0 cm处分别朝前内上方和后内方建立两条骨隧道,再将组装好的3枚Endobutton钢板系统分别穿过2个骨隧道,拉紧后打结固定。[结果]13例手术均顺利完成,术后所有患者均获得随访(14.37±5.63)个月,末次随访时健患侧踝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),AOFAS评分平均(88.76±3.15)分,Mazur评分优良率为92.31%。[结论]双束双隧道弹性固定下胫腓损伤,疗效满意,该固定装置无需在完全负重前取出。