面向教学“测评”的智能教育软件评估指标体系——《2023人工智能促进教育发展报告》节选六

数智技术方兴未艾,智能教育软件层出不穷,面向教学“测评”的智能教育软件鱼龙混杂。构建面向教学“测评”的智能教育软件评估指标体系是掌握其质量线的关键。基于文献研究、市场调研、专家协商研讨等方法,探讨面向教学“测评”的智能教育软件评价指标体系的构建。该指标体系由二级评估维度和三级评估指标组成。评估维度中包含三个一级维度:考试测试、教师评估、学生评估。其中,考试测试维度包含五个二级维度:智能组卷、智能阅卷、智能考试分析、智能考试管理、在线考试管理;教师和学生评估维度均包含五个二级维度:数据收集、数据处理、评价方案、评价反馈、评估场景。三级评估指标包含三个一级指标:功能实现值、业务契合值、魅力属性值;五个二级指标:功能实现值、功能完整值、场景需求匹配值、功能先进值、业务创新值;若干三级指标。基于所提出的评估指标体系,可同时为深入了解现有面向教学“测评”的智能教育软件的发展水平与特征、挖掘不同类型用户使用智能教育测评软件潜在功能需求、开发新的智能教育测评软件等工作提供科学依据和理论指导。

Application of Six Sigma Theory in Process Reengineering of Food Safety Monitoring Laboratory

Based on the survey of customer satisfaction,the authors found existing problems in inspection process of the food safety monitoring laboratory A( including the whole process from receiving samples to issue of inspection report),and determined solutions using flow chart supplied by sig sigma( 6σ) theory. Through comparing overall effect before and after improvement of the inspection process,it is proved that 6σmanagement theory is a new effective management tool for eliminating errors,simplifying process,and meeting requirements of customers to the maximal extent.

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Resveratrol Synthase Gene from Vitis vinifera

[Objectives] To obtain a resveratrol synthase gene of Vitis vinifera and make bioinformatics analysis. [Methods] Taking total RNA of V. vinifera as the template,by RT-PCR method,a complete c DNA sequence of resveratrol synthase gene was amplified from V. vinifera,and the resveratrol synthase gene was named as RS. The nucleic acid and protein sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software.[Results]This sequence was 1179 bp in length,the similarity with reported resveratrol synthase gene reached 94%-99%,and the similarity with amino acid sequence reached 96%-99%; the RS gene encoded 392 amino acids,and amino acid sequence contained complete characteristic sequence GVLFGPGLT and active center sequence GCYAGGTVLR of stilbene synthase family; the predicted molecular weight was42. 78 k Da,the theoretical isoelectric point was 6. 57,the instability parameter was 35. 92,and it belonged to stable protein in the classification; the secondary structure was mainly α-helix,random coil and β-folding,α-helix content was 44. 13%,the random coil content was26. 53%,and β-folding content was 17. 66%. [Conclusions] The isolated RS gene is a resveratrol synthase gene from V. vinifera. This experiment is expected to lay a certain foundation for biosynthesis of resveratrol by the genetic engineering method.

Genetic polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and T1 in associated with carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective:The aim of our study was to investigate the distribution of glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) gene polymorphism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients in a high risk area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China.Methods:It was a case-control study.The genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in 181 HCC and 126 NPC patients were compared with 641 matched control.The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were detected using conventional multiplex PCR method.Results:The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in HCC,NPC and control groups were 65.2%,61.9% and 47.6% respectively,significant difference between these two cancer groups and control was observed (P < 0.01).The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype in HCC,NPC and control groups were 57.5%,62.7% and 43.1% respectively,significant difference between these two cancer groups and control was observed (P < 0.01).Conclusion:The distributions of GSTM1 and T1 genes are polymorphic in HCC and NPC patients in a high risk area in Guangxi,individuals with GSTM1-null or GSTT1-null would have an increasing risk of developing HCC and NPC,especially when combination with virus infection (HBV or EBV) and absorbed chemical toxin (AFB1 or cigarette).

人工智能教育发展理念的评估:内涵与框架——《2023人工智能促进教育发展报告》节选二

人工智能技术的发展催生新的教育形态,即“智能教育”。人工智能教育水平在很大程度上影响一个国家在新一轮科技革命中所处的地位,发展人工智能教育已成为我国当前的重要战略任务,呈现出蓬勃发展的势态。智能教育理念是引领未来教育发展的重要方向,关注其发展有利于更好把握教育的发展趋势,满足社会对于智能素养人才的需求。基于此,采用综合文献回顾、专家评估、层次分析等方法,重点关注人工智能教育的文化层面,构建人工智能教育发展理念测评框架,形成包括智能教育关注点、人工智能促进教育发展的适切性、智能文化氛围3个二级指标,7个三级指标的智能教育发展理念评价指标体系,旨在通过强调中小学校的智能教育理念建设,更好地引领中小学校开展人工智能教育。据此为学校提出建议:一是全面制定与人工智能教育相关的政策文件,为智能教育发展提供明确的指导方针;二是明晰人工智能教育的具体目标,确保培养学生具备未来社会所需的实际技能和能力;三是加大对人工智能文化设施和活动的投资,提升学生对人工智能的兴趣和参与度。

基于整体性治理的地域文化档案资源建设

我国地域文化档案资源建设在学术、实践方面不受重视,面临地域性集体记忆构建缺位、建设资源层次单一和不同主体各自建设的困境。文章以整体性治理理论为出发点,借鉴其回归公共服务、协调各级组织、实现多元供给的思想构建理论框架,提出应以公民为中心、多元主体合作对地域文化档案资源进行收集和开发,并通过责任机制防范风险,加强地域文化档案资源的影响力。

环评体制改革的央地逻辑——基于合法性与效率的二元视角

早期环评改革中,以实现法制统一和矫正地方执行偏差为目标的央地逻辑无法解释“放管服”背景下环评改革的效率转向,基于政策实验的渐进式改革路径使得央地互动在传统“集权-分权”路径之外呈现差异化和选择性特征。理论上须寻求综合性框架以解释央地逻辑的转换,规范上须寻求央地关系的稳态结构,纾解改革与法治的内在张力。研究构建了“合法性-效率”二元维度的分析框架,着眼于环评“放管服”改革尤其是环评豁免制度的个案观察,引入政策创新的合法性依赖程度变量,对政策创新工具中的央地互动方式进行类型化。研究发现,合法性与效率维度在环评改革中呈现出制度上的共生叠加,环评改革演化为渐进交互的制度谱系。合法性依赖程度的差异是影响政策实验中央地互动的因素,也是中央对地方的政策试验进行选择性控制的重要工具,地方与中央博弈能力的差异影响到政策创新的认可和复制推广。效率导向的环评改革无论是在政策试验的改革路径抑或是具体的政策工具层面,均面临合法性约束困境,应从政策试验的准入评估、启动授权的制度化、全流程监督、央地权限划分稳态化、重申环评功能定位与价值位阶等方面予以纾解。

ChatGPT教育应用的优化路径

研究ChatGPT教育应用对通用人工智能时代下的教育数字化转型具有重要意义。通过系统测试和文献研究等方法,首先厘清ChatGPT的技术路线、应用场景和发展历程;然后从重塑教育的底层逻辑、催生学校结构变革和重构教育生态三个层面,论述ChatGPT给教育带来的机遇,并从技术局限性、伦理道德、知识产权、数据安全、知识异化等角度来论述其教育应用面临的挑战;最后提出ChatGPT教育应用的优化路径。一是加强自主研发,完善顶层设计。加强人工智能技术研发是掌握数字主权的必然要求,也是解决数据安全问题的关键。二是开发应用指南,引导应用方式。加快提升教育中各类主体的人工智能能力素养和伦理素养,遵循“伦理先行”意识,强化自律自治,共同打造良性发展的人工智能教育应用生态。三是认清技术本质,回归育人本位。只有辨明技术本质,回归到育人的本质,才能在技术与人的双向耦合中,培育出新的自由全面发展的个体。四是明确各方责任,加强情感互动。在开发者、教师、学校、学生等组成的教育生态系统中,要明确各主体的角色、责任与义务,重视对学生情感、态度、价值观的塑造,构建积极、健康且充满活力的教学环境。

基于网络药理学研究一贯煎治疗肝纤维化的有效成分及作用机制

背景中药复方具有多成分综合调节的特点,在肝纤维化防治中显示出独特的优势.一贯煎始载于魏之琇所著《续名医类案》,是滋阴疏肝的著名方剂,能够改善肝纤维化症状,研究其抗肝纤维化机制有助于药物开发和推广.目的通过网络药理学探究一贯煎治疗肝纤维化的机制并实验验证.方法利用文献和TCMSP数据库收集一贯煎成分及靶点,GeneCard、OMIM数据库收集肝纤维化疾病靶点.通过STRING数据库构建一贯煎-肝纤维化蛋白互作网络(protein-protein interaction,PPI)子网络,应用重启随机游走算法获得关键基因,通过DAVID数据库进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)富集分析及京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析.动物实验验证,18只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、一贯煎组.模型组、一贯煎组大鼠采用腹腔注射50%四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride,CCl_(4))橄榄油溶液造模6周,正常组注射等量橄榄油.造模结束后一贯煎组每天灌胃一贯煎溶液(6.67 g/kg)共4 wk,其他组灌胃等量蒸馏水,取血和肝脏.全自动生化仪检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST).HE、Masoon染色观察肝脏病理学变化.Western blot法和qRT-PCR法检测肝脏关键蛋白表达水平和mRNA转录水平.结果筛选得到一贯煎成分52个,潜在作用靶点186个,肝纤维化疾病靶点1080个,得到一贯煎治疗肝纤维化的关键基因,其中亲和度前10的基因为STAT6、SRC、MAPK3、STX1A、EP300、STAT3、PLG、CTNNB1、CDKN1B、CANX,亲和度前50的基因KEGG富集得到PI3K-Akt信号通路、FoxO信号通路等134条.动物实验结果发现,一贯煎能够改善CCL4肝纤维化大鼠肝功能和减轻纤维化,降低α-肌动蛋白表达,促进信号转导和转录激活因子6(signal transducer and activator of transcription 6,STAT6)磷酸化,提高过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ,PPAR-γ)、白细胞分化抗原163(cluster of differentiation 163,CD163)蛋白表达和精氨酸酶1、白细胞分化抗原206、CD163mRNA转录水平,降低白细胞介素6的mRNA转录水平.结论一贯煎治疗肝纤维化作用涉及多个成分、多条信号通路,其中包括STAT6/PPAR-γ通路.

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and post-liver transplantation diabetes mellitus

Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection have a significantly increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to controls or HBV-infected patients. Moreover, the incidence rate of post-liver transplantation diabetes mellitus （PTDM） also appears to be higher among patients wibh HCM infection. PTDM is often assodated with direct viral infection, autoimmune disorders, and immunosuppressive regimen. Activation of tumor necrosis factor-α may be the link between HCV infection and diabetes. In this article, we reviewed the epidemiologic association between HCV infection and PTDM, highlighting the most recent pathophysiologic insights into the mechanisms underlying this association.

Noninvasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in children with infant hepatitis syndrome

AIM： To elucidate the impact of hemodynamic parameters on ultrasonography and serum fibrosis markers for the assessment of liver fibrosis in the children with infant hepatitis syndrome （IHS）. METHODS： Forty-one children with IHS and 46 healthy infants were examined by ultrasonography, and several hemodynamic indices such as peak systolic velocity （PSV） and resistant index （RI） of proper hepatic artery （PHA） were measured. Serum fibrosis markers including hyaluronic acid （HA）, pre-collagen type-Ⅲ （PC-Ⅲ）, collagen type Ⅳ （C-Ⅳ）, and laminin （LN） were assayed by radioimmunoassays. In children with IHS, liver tissues were obtained either by ultrasound-guided liver biopsy （n = 35） or in the course of operation （n = 6）. The stages of hepatic fibrosis were scored as mild （S1 and S2）, moderate （S3）, or severe （S4） according to liver histological diagnosis. Multiple groups comparative and Spearman correlative analyses were carried out. RESULTS： Histopathologically, 39 children （95.1%） were found to have hepatic fibrosis, 12 of them stage Sl or S2, 12 stage S3, and 15 stage S4. PSV, RI of the PHA, and serum HA showed a consecutive increase from mild to severe hepatic fibrosis and a close positive correlation with hepatic fibrosis in IHS group （r = 0.717, 0.745 and 0.712, respectively, P = 0.001）. The Doppler waveform of HV was also positively correlated with the degree of hepatic fibrosis in IHS group （r = 0.783, P 〈 0.001）.CONCLUSION： Combination of ultrasonic studies on the hepatic hemodynamics with the evaluation of serum HA may provide an indicator for hepatic fibrosis in patients with IHS, This may be a useful noninvasive method for the diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of IHS.

GSTM1 and XRCC3 Polymorphisms:Effects on Levels of Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adducts

Objective： Aflatoxin B1 （AFB1）, which can cause the formation of AFB1-DNA adducts, is a known human carcinogen. AFB1-exposure individuals with inherited susceptible carcinogen-metabolizing or repairing genotypes may experience an increased risk of genotoxicity. This study was designed to investigate whether the polymorphisms of two genes, the metabolic gene Glutathione S-transferase M1 （GSTM1） and DNA repair gene x-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 （XRCC3）, can affect the levels of AFB1-DNA adducts in Guangxi Population （n= 966） from an AFB1-exposure area. Methods： AFB1-DNA adducts were measured by ELISA, and GSTM1 and XRCC3 codon 241 genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP. Results： The GSTM1-null genotype [adjusted odds ratio （OR） = 2.09; 95% confidence interval （CI） = 1.61-2.71] and XRCC3 genotypes with 241 Met alleles [i.e., XRCC3-TM and -MM, adjusted ORs （95% CI） were 1.43 （1.08-1.89） and 2.42 （1.13-5.22）, respectively] were significantly associated with higher levels of AFB1-DNA adducts. Compared with those individuals who did not express any putative risk genotypes as reference （OR = 1）, individuals featuring all of the putative risk genotypes did experience a significantly higher DNA-adduct levels （adjusted ORs were 2.87 for GSTM1-null and XRCC3-TM; 5.83 for GSTM1-null and XRCC3-MM）. Additionally, there was a positive joint effect between XRCC3 genotypes and long-term AFB1 exposure in the formation of AFB1-DNA adducts. Conclusion： These results suggest that individuals with susceptible genotypes GSTM1-null, XRCC3-TM, or XRCC3-MM may experience an increased risk of DNA damage elicited by AFB1 exposure.

Rescue of the albino phenotype by introducing a functional tyrosinase minigene into Kunming albino mice

AIM： To use the tyrosinase minigene as a visual marker to perform microinjection training and improve the techniques related with transgene to greatly elevate the effidency of gene transfer. METHODS： A mouse tyrosinase minigene, i.e., TyBS, in which the 2.25-kb authentic genomic 5＇ non-coding flanking sequence of mouse tyrosinase was fused to a mouse tyrosinase cDNA, was introduced into the fertilized eggs of outbred Kunming albino mice. RESULTS： Of the 11 animals that developed from the injected eggs, two mice （P1 and #8） exhibited pigmented hair （P1） and eyes （P1 and #8）, as confirmed by PCR analysis for the tyrosinase minigene integrated into the genome. When founder P1 was bred to Kunming male mouse, six progeny out of 11 offspring inherited the transgene and the pigmented-eye phenotype. CONCLUSION： Taken together, these results suggest that this minigene encodes the active tyrosinase protein and that its 5＇ flanking region contains the sequences regulating the expression of mouse tyrosinase gene as expected. We have rescued the albino phenotype by introduction and expression of a functional tyrosinase minigene in the Kunming albino mouse and the transgene can be passed to subsequent generation. These findings also indicate that TyBS can be a useful visual marker gene in the co-transgenic experiments.

Fast Scene Reconstruction Based on Improved SLAM

Simultaneous location and mapping(SLAM)plays the crucial role in VR/AR application,autonomous robotics navigation,UAV remote control,etc.The traditional SLAM is not good at handle the data acquired by camera with fast movement or severe jittering,and the efficiency need to be improved.The paper proposes an improved SLAM algorithm,which mainly improves the real-time performance of classical SLAM algorithm,applies KDtree for efficient organizing feature points,and accelerates the feature points correspondence building.Moreover,the background map reconstruction thread is optimized,the SLAM parallel computation ability is increased.The color images experiments demonstrate that the improved SLAM algorithm holds better realtime performance than the classical SLAM.

P6软件在盾构隧道管道安装项目管理中的应用

在盾构隧道管道安装项目中,应用P6软件进行项目管理,收集施工现场最基础的作业数据,从而自动计算整个项目的计划执行状态,保证了计划执行、分析的准确性.同时,将以往施工管理过程中的定性分析改为定量分析,避免责任含糊不清.在开工前完成项目建设的过程设计,即项目网络计划;在项目管理过程中,通过P6软件对原定过程实时控制、预测、微调纠偏,最大限度减少项目建设过程的计划偏差.面对空间小、管道数量多、工作效率低、风险大等诸多影响因素,P6软件根据原定计划与当前计划,推算出未来计划的可能执行情况,为项目管理提供决策依据,将事后抢险变为事先处理,节约建设成本,使项目管理水平达到新高度.

PMBOK在油气管道工程项目管理中的研究和应用

随着“一带一路”战略的深入实施和中国对于油气能源需求量的不断增加,油气管道行业正在迎来机遇与挑战——构筑更多的油气能源管道.然而,国内油气管道工程施工企业的项目管理水平参差不齐,不能满足国际工程项目高效、精细化管理的需求.根据近年来工程项目管理经验和对国际公认的项目管理知识体系（PMBOK）的研究,论述其在项目管理中的典型应用方法.

A convenient method for the determination of molecular weight cut-off of ultrafiltration membranes

With the rapid increase of water contamination,membrane separation technology and their corresponding molecular weight cut-off(MWCO) evaluation method become more necessary.In this study,Panax notoginseng saponins was used as a new standard marker to determinate ultrafiltration(UF) membrane MWCOs,series of Millipore membranes were selected as control group to analyze and calculate the relationship between retention rate and MWCOs with exponential or logarithmic equation.A new and convenient method was provided for determining the membrane MWCO by modeling analysis retention rate with MWCOs,and the regression coefficients >0.990.The feasibility and practicability of established method was verified by different manufactures' membrane and dextrans.In the detection progress,as the main ingredient of Panax notoginseng saponins,Notoginsenoside R_1,Ginsenoside Rg_1,Ginsenoside Rb_1 and Ginsenoside Rd with different surface activity,the MWCO range of UF membranes can be divided into two zones mainly due to the retention rate difference among Notoginsenoside R_1,Ginsenoside Rg_1,Ginsenoside Rb_1 and Ginsenoside Rd.Zone 1,1000-10000;and Zone II,10000-100000.Thus,the new method would be helpful to improve the applicability of UF membrane in separation technology.

Ferritin,heavy polypeptide 1 interacts with fragile X-related protein 1

Fragile X-related protein 1（FXR1P） is a member of the FXR gene family,which also includes fragile X mental retardation protein and fragile X-related protein 2（FXR2P）.To understand the functions of FXR1P,we screened FXR1P-interacting proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system.FXR1P was fused to pGBKT7 and used as the bait to screen a human fetal brain cDNA library.This screening revealed 10 FXR1P-interacting proteins including FTH1.FTH1 encodes Homo sapiens ferritin,heavy polypeptide 1.The interaction between FXR1P and FTH1 was confirmed by retesting in yeast using both a β-galactosidase assay and growth studies on selective media.A co-immunoprecipitation assay in mammalian cells further confirmed the FXR1P/FTH1 interaction.Moreover,the results revealed that FTH1 colocalized with FXR1P in the cytoplasm around the nucleus in mammalian cells.The present findings suggest that FXR1P plays an important role in iron metabolism in the brain by interacting with FTH1.This provides clues for elucidating the relationship between FXR1P function and fragile X syndrome.

Source model of 2016 Mw6.6 Aketao earthquake,Xinjiang derived from Sentinel-1 InSAR observation

On 25 November 2016（14:24:30 UTC）, an Mw6.6 earthquake occurred in Aketao county of Xinjiang. We derived the coseismic deformation field of the earthquake from ESA’s Sentinel-1 B images and inverted the fault geometry and slip distribution by using a homogenous half-space elastic model and the Steepest Decent Method（SDM） program. The slip model shows that the rupture plane is about 68 km in length and 40 km in width and has an average strike of 105.2°SE and an average dip of 76.0°S. The average amount of slip is-0.16 m and the maximum amount of slip is 0.59 m. The estimated seismic moment is 1.31 × 1019 N·m and the corresponding moment magnitude is Mw6.68. The dislocation is mainly distributed in the depth of 5-22 km, where the rupture center is located at 39.170 E, 74.38°N, and a depth of-8.8 km, so this earthquake is a shallow earthquake. In terms of the tectonic settings, the earthquake was triggered by the release of residual stresses on the seismogenic Muji fault. The ruptures were stimulated simultaneously by the main shock, which made the slip distribution pattern of a strike-slip fault with a double fracture. Due to the tectonic setting and the seismic gap between the ruptures, the Muji fault would have a risk of rupture to some extent and trigger an earthquake in future.

Using eye movements in the dot-probe paradigm to investigate attention bias in illness anxiety disorder

BACKGROUND Illness anxiety disorder(IAD)is a common,distressing,and debilitating condition with the key feature being a persistent conviction of the possibility of having one or more serious or progressive physical disorders.Because eye movements are guided by visual-spatial attention,eye-tracking technology is a comparatively direct,continuous measure of attention direction and speed when stimuli are oriented.Researchers have tried to identify selective visual attention biases by tracking eye movements within dot-probe paradigms because dot-probe paradigm can distinguish these attentional biases more clearly.AIM To examine the association between IAD and biased processing of illness-related information.METHODS A case-control study design was used to record eye movements of individuals with IAD and healthy controls while participants viewed a set of pictures from four categories(illness-related,socially threatening,positive,and neutral images).Biases in initial orienting were assessed from the location of the initial shift in gaze,and biases in the maintenance of attention were assessed from the duration of gaze that was initially fixated on the picture per image category.RESULTS The eye movement of the participants in the IAD group was characterized by an avoidance bias in initial orienting to illness-related pictures.There was no evidence of individuals with IAD spending significantly more time viewing illness-related images compared with other images.Patients with IAD had an attention bias at the early stage and overall attentional avoidance.In addition,this study found that patients with significant anxiety symptoms showed attention bias in the late stages of attention processing.CONCLUSION Illness-related information processing biases appear to be a robust feature of IAD and may have an important role in explaining the etiology and maintenance of the disorder.