A modified method for suprachoroidal fluid drainage in kissing choroidal detachment

●AIM:To introduce a new method for suprachoroidal fluid drainage before 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.●METHODS:A 15o side-port blade was firstly used to create a sclerotomy into the suprachoroidal space for initial drainage.A 30-guage needle was then applied to inject balanced saline solution through the existing sclerotomy for further drainage.After most of the suprachoroidal fluid was drained,standard 3-port 23-guage pars plana vitrectomy was performed.●RESULTS:We have succeeded in using this technique to treat five patients with retinal detachment and kissing choroidal detachment(KCD).The choroidal detachment was visibly recessed in all cases after drainage with no intraoperative complications.After removal of silicon oil at 3 mo follow-up,all patients obtained a reattached retina.No postoperative complications such as hypotony and endophthalmitis occurred.●CONCLUSION:The new technique is efficient and safe for suprachoroidal fluid drainage for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.In future,further larger series are needed to attest to its safety and efficacy.

Correction:Brillouin scattering spectrum for liquid detection and applications in oceanography

After publication of this article1,it was brought to our at-tention that the mathematical expressions‘‰’were mis-takenly replaced by‘%’for salinities.Details are listed below.1.In the last sentence in abstract,“approximately 0.1℃and 0.5%”should be“approximately 0.1℃and 0.5‰”.

光学相干断层扫描血管成像在DR中的诊疗进展

光学相干断层扫描成像(OCT)是眼科影像学中发展最快的技术之一。随着OCT技术逐步改良更新,光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)随之出现,OCTA在视网膜和脉络膜血流成像中能为多种眼底血管性疾病提供诊疗价值。本文综述了OCTA的原理,以及OCTA观察糖尿病患者眼底的微动脉瘤(MAs)、视网膜缺血、视网膜新生血管(RNV)及其在DR各期组织病理改变的特征、OCTA的局限性及其发展前景。

针刺肝俞、太冲穴对高尿酸血症大鼠模型尿酸生成的影响及机制研究

目的:探究针刺肝俞、太冲穴对高尿酸血症(HUA)大鼠模型尿酸生成相关代谢酶活性的影响,阐释针刺肝俞、太冲穴防治HUA的可能机制。方法:将32只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分成4组,空白组、模型组、肾俞组、肝俞组,每组8只。用氧嗪酸钾灌胃构建HUA大鼠模型。肾俞组和肝俞组分别给予肾俞、太溪穴和肝俞、太冲穴针刺干预。采用生化分析仪检测大鼠SUA的含量,比色法观察大鼠肝匀浆中XOD、ADA的活性,IHC检测XOD阳性相对表达情况,ELISA检测GD的浓度。结果:与模型组比较,肾俞组和肝俞组XOD、ADA的活性降低(P <0. 01)及XOD阳性相对表达水平显著降低(P <0. 01),肝俞组GD的浓度降低(P <0. 01)。与肾俞组比较,肝俞组XOD阳性相对表达水平降低(P <0. 05)。结论:针刺肾俞、太溪穴和肝俞、太冲穴都能降低HUA大鼠XOD、ADA的活性,且针刺肝俞、太冲穴抑制HUA大鼠XOD的效果更明显,还能降低GD的活性,这可能与抑制了嘌呤分解代谢途径,从而减少了尿酸的生成有关。

Brillouin scattering spectrum for liquid detection and applications in oceanography

The Brillouin scattering spectrum has been used to investigate the properties of a liquid medium.Here,we propose an improved method based on the double-edge technique to obtain the Brillouin spectrum of a liquid.We calculated the transmission ratios and deduced the Brillouin shift and linewidth to construct the Brillouin spectrum by extracting the Brillouin edge signal through filtered double-edge data.We built a detection system to test the performance of this method and measured the Brillouin spectrum for distilled water at different temperatures and compared it with the theoretical prediction.The observed difference between the experimental and theoretical values for Brillouin shift and linewidth is less than 4.3 MHz and 3.2 MHz,respectively.Moreover,based on the double-edge technique,the accuracy of the extracted temperatures and salinity is approximately 0.1°C and 0.5‰,respectively,indicating significant potential for application in water detection and oceanography.

Optic disc and peripapillary changes by optic coherence tomography in high myopia

Myopia,a worldwide condition,is a multifactorial disease resulting in many ocular complications.Early onset of myopia has a great tendency to develop high myopia and pathological myopia later in life.The pathophysiology and progression of myopia is still unclear.Owing to its involving in visual function,optic disc and peripapillary change in high myopia can＇t be neglected,and it may help in better understanding of the pathophysiology or mechanism of myopia progression.Recently,advanced imaging techniques have been developed,such as optical coherence tomography（OCT）,allowing for better detecting of optic disc and peripapillary change.OCT is a highresolution and noninvasive measurement for detection of ocular structure.Herein,we provide an updated review of optic disc and peripapillary change in OCT image,including its characteristics and clinical significance.We also propose some problems needed further investigation.

3DMKDR:3D Multiscale Kernels CNN Model for Depression Recognition Based on EEG

Depression has become a major health threat around the world,especially for older people,so the effective detection method for depression is a great public health challenge.Electroencephalogram(EEG)can be used as a biomarker to effectively explore depression recognition.Motivated by the studies that multiple smaller scale kernels could increase nonlinear expression compared to a larger kernel,this article proposes a model named the three-dimensional multiscale kernels convolutional neural network model for the depression disorder recognition(3DMKDR),which is a three-dimensional convolutional neural network model with multiscale convolutional kernels for depression recognition based on EEG signals.A three-dimensional structure of the EEG is built by extending one-dimensional feature sequences into a two-dimensional electrode matrix to excavate the related spatiotemporal information among electrodes and the collected electrode matrix.By the major depressive disorder(MDD)and the multi-modal open dataset for mental-disorder analysis(MODMA)datasets,the experiment shows that the accuracies of depression recognition are up to99.86%and 98.01%in the subject-dependent experiment,and 95.80%and 82.27%in the subjectindependent experiment,which are higher than alternative competitive methods.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 3DMKDR is potentially useful for depression recognition in older persons in the future.

Brain Functional Network Based on Small-Worldness and Minimum Spanning Tree for Depression Analysis

Since the outbreak and spread of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),the prevalence of mental disorders,such as depression,has continued to increase.To explore the abnormal changes of brain functional connections in patients with depression,this paper proposes a depression analysis method based on brain function network(BFN).To avoid the volume conductor effect,BFN was constructed based on phase lag index(PLI).Then the indicators closely related to depression were selected from weighted BFN based on small-worldness(SW)characteristics and binarization BFN based on the minimum spanning tree(MST).Differences analysis between groups and correlation analysis between these indicators and diagnostic indicators were performed in turn.The resting state electroencephalogram(EEG)data of 24 patients with depression and 29 healthy controls(HC)was used to verify our proposed method.The results showed that compared with HC,the information processing of BFN in patients with depression decreased,and BFN showed a trend of randomization.

Research on the model of high robustness computational optical imaging system

Computational optical imaging is an interdisciplinary subject integrating optics, mathematics, and information technology. It introduces information processing into optical imaging and combines it with intelligent computing, subverting the imaging mechanism of traditional optical imaging which only relies on orderly information transmission. To meet the high-precision requirements of traditional optical imaging for optical processing and adjustment, as well as to solve its problems of being sensitive to gravity and temperature in use, we establish an optical imaging system model from the perspective of computational optical imaging and studies how to design and solve the imaging consistency problem of optical system under the influence of gravity, thermal effect, stress, and other external environment to build a high robustness optical system. The results show that the high robustness interval of the optical system exists and can effectively reduce the sensitivity of the optical system to the disturbance of each link, thus realizing the high robustness of optical imaging.

Transurethral assistant transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site radical prostatectomy

The laparoendoscopic single-site （LESS） technique is the latest technical innovation in laparoscopic surgery to undergo exponential development in urology. This study undertaken to illustrate our initial experience LESS radical prostatectomy （RP） and analyze early outcomes. Nineteen patients diagnosed with prostate cancer underwent LESS-RP in our institute. The patients were divided into two groups： conventional LESS and transurethral assistant LESS. Preoperative, perioperative, postoperative, pathologic, and functional outcomes data were assessed. With the help of a transurethral assistant, the mean operation and anastomosis time were decreased markedly. No focal positive margins were encountered. No prostate-specific antigen recurrence was detected 1 month postoperatively. Complete continence recovery （no pad） was observed in 32% of the patients at 1 month after the operation. No intraoperative and postoperative complications were reported, LESS-RP is a feasible and effective surgical procedure for treatment of prostate cancer. Moreover, transurethral assistant LESS could reduce the difficulty of LESS-RP and shorten the operation time.

Impact of Media Information on Social Response in Disasters:A Case Study of the Freezing‑Rain and Snowstorm Disasters in Southern China in 2008

Disaster information content is an objective mapping of disaster situations,social response,and public opinions.Social response to emergency is an important mechanism for implementing and guaranteeing emergency management of major natural hazard-related disasters.Understanding how disaster information content affects social response to emergencies is helpful for managing risk communication and efficient disaster response.Based on the 2008 freezing-rain and snowstorm disasters in southern China,this study used Python to extract 7,857 case-related media reports and applied natural language processing for text analysis.It used three typical cases to identify and analyze disaster media report content and the relationship between these reports and the social response to the emergency.Eight categories of disaster response-such as prewarning and forecasting,announcements by the authorities,and social mobilization-appeared in the disaster information in the media,along with disaster impact information,that is,real-time disaster status.Disaster response information and an appropriate amount of disaster impact information played important roles in prewarning,disaster relief,public opinion guidance,and social stability maintenance and can serve important functions in communicating with all stakeholders of emergency management,assisting or influencing emergency departments or individuals in decision making,and eliminating "information islands." Empathy caused the general public to become "disaster responders" through receiving information.Rumors and an excess of negative information may have a perverse amplification effect on public opinion and increase the unpredictability of the disaster situation and the risk of social crisis.

Influencing assessment of different heating modes on thermal comfort in electric vehicle cabin

Electric vehicle(EV)is more environmental-friendly than gasoline vehicle because the main power is not petrol.For the heating system,the waste heat generated by engines is recycled to heat the cabin of gasoline ones,while the EV need extra electric energy consumption for heating the cabin which decreases the driving range.Personal comfort system(PCS)has been reported that it is an alternative technique to improve occupant thermal comfort and indirectly save building heating energy.This study aims to investigate the occupants’thermal sensation under four heating modes in the EV cabin in winter,including no heating,only PCS,only air conditioning,and both air conditioning and PCS.The field survey is conducted in a parked EV with 12 subjects.Three thermal comfort indexes(PMV,SET^(*),and operative temperature Top)are used and assessed for their applicability in the thermal environment of the EV.Results show that the thermal environment in the cabin is non-uniform and dynamic with the air conditioning mode,while the PCS mode just slightly affects the temperature differences inside.Meanwhile,the subjects’thermal sensations cannot maintain neutral or warmer under the PCS mode only.The results of PMV are lower than the subjects’actual thermal sensation votes(TSV),while the results of SET^(*)and Top show significant linear relationships with the TSV for the correlation coefficients above 0.80.Compare to the air conditioning mode,the neutral SET^(*)and neutral Top are decreased by 2.7℃ and 1.6℃ under the mode with PCS and air conditioning,respectively.The findings indicate that PCS not only has a positive effect on improving the cabin environment and occupant’s thermal sensation but also has the potential to lower the setting temperature of air conditioner of EVs in winter.

针刺“肾俞”“太溪”穴对高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸的影响及其机制研究

目的:通过观察针刺"肾俞""太溪"穴对高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸和肾脏相关尿酸转运蛋白的调控作用,探讨其降尿酸机制。方法:32只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,剔除死亡大鼠后,最终纳入统计的大鼠为空白组、肝俞组和肾俞组各6只,模型组7只。采用氧嗪酸钾灌胃制备高尿酸血症大鼠模型。肝俞组和肾俞组分别给予针刺"肝俞""太冲"穴和"肾俞""太溪"穴,每日1次,20min/次,连续针刺6次后休息1d,持续3周。全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清尿酸(SUA)、肌酐(SCr)含量,HE染色观察大鼠肾脏组织病理学变化,免疫组织化学法和Western blot法分别检测大鼠肾脏尿酸盐阴离子转运体1(URAT1)和有机阴离子转运体1(OAT1)的蛋白表达。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠SUA含量显著升高(P<0.01),肾脏URAT1表达显著升高(P<0.01),OAT1表达显著下降(P<0.01);镜下观察肾脏切片显示,肾小管扩张,炎性细胞浸润,细胞空化严重。与模型组比较,肝俞组和肾俞组SUA含量均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),URAT1表达下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),肾俞组OAT1表达显著升高(P<0.01)。与肝俞组比较,肾俞组URAT1表达显著下降(P<0.01),OAT1表达显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,肝俞组和肾俞组肾小管扩张程度减轻,细胞空化现象减少,而肾俞组较肝俞组肾脏损伤程度更轻。结论:针刺"肾俞""太溪"穴可显著降低大鼠SUA含量,其机制可能与抑制大鼠肾脏URAT1表达而减少了尿酸重吸收,增加了肾脏OAT1表达有关。

Apoptosis and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses of Primary Mouse Microglia and Astrocytes Induced by Human H1N1 and Avian H5N1 Influenza Viruses

Patients with an influenza virus infection can be complicated by acute encephalopathy and encephalitis. To investigate the immune reactions involved in the neurocomplication, mouse microglia and astrocytes were isolated, infected with human H1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza viruses, and examined for their immune responses. We observed homogeneously distributed viral receptors, sialic acid （SA）-a2,3-Galactose （Gal） and SA-a2,6-Gal, on microglia and astrocytes. Both viruses were replicative and productive in microglia and astrocytes. Virus-induced apoptosis and cytopathy in infected cells were observed at 24 h post-infection （p.i.）. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a mRNA examined at 6 h and 24 h p.i. was up-regulated, and their expression levels were considerably higher in H5N1 infection. The amounts of secreted proinflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a at 6 h and 24 h p.i. were also induced, with greater induction by H5N1 infection. This study is the first demonstration that both human H1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza viruses can infect mouse microglia and astrocytes and induce apoptosis, cytopathy, and proinflammatory cytokine production in them in vitro. Our results suggest that the direct cellular damage and the consequences of immunopathological injury in the CNS contribute to the influenza viral pathogenesis. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

Disaster Risk Science:A Geographical Perspective and a Research Framework

In this article,we recall the United Nations’30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework,review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations disaster risk reduction initiatives,and summarize the framework and contents of disaster risk science research.The object of disaster risk science research is the"disaster system"consisting of hazard,the geographical environment,and exposed units,with features of regionality,interconnectedness,coupling,and complexity.Environmental stability,hazard threat,and socioeconomic vulnerability together determine the way that disasters are formed,establish the spatial extent of disaster impact,and generate the scale of losses.In the formation of a disaster,a conducive environment is the prerequisite,a hazard is the necessary condition,and socioeconomic exposure is the sufficient condition.The geographical environment affects local hazard intensity and therefore can change the pattern of loss distribution.Regional multi-hazard,disaster chain,and disaster compound could induce complex impacts,amplifying or attenuating hazard intensity and changing the scope of affected areas.In the light of research progress,particularly in the context of China,we propose a threelayer disaster risk science disciplinary structure,which contains three pillars(disaster science,disaster technology,and disaster governance),nine core areas,and 27 research fields.Based on these elements,we discuss the frontiers in disaster risk science research.

Low-coordinated Ni-N_(1)-C_(3)sites atomically dispersed on hollow carbon nanotubes for efficient CO_(2)reduction

Low-coordinated single atom catalysts compared to M-N4 are appealing in optimized electronic structure for CO_(2)electroreduction,but the preparation is still very challenging.Herein,a novel single Ni atom catalyst with Ni-N_(1)-C_(3)configuration is in-situ evolved on curved carbon nanotubes.The obtained Ni-N_(1)-C_(3)catalyst exhibits a superior CO Faradaic efficiency of 97%and turnover frequency of 2,890 h^(−1)at−0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode,as well as long-term stability over 45 h.High current densities exceeding 200 mA·cm^(−2)and CO Faradaic efficiency of 99%are achieved in flow-cell.Moreover,in-situ potentialand time-dependent Raman spectra identify the key intermediates of*COOH and*CO during CO_(2)-to-CO conversion.Theoretical calculations reveal that the upward-shifted d-band center and charge-rich Ni sites of Ni-N_(1)-C_(3)facilitate the electron transfer to*COOH and thus reduce the*COOH formation energy barrier.This work demonstrates a strategy for modulating the coordination environment for efficient CO_(2)reduction.

Hysteroscopic Appearence of Midsecretory Endometrium in Relation to Pinopodes Expression and the Reproductive Outcome in Infertile Women

Objective To investigate the relation between hysteroscopic finding and pinopodes expression, meanwhile to explore whether hysteroscopic finding was a predictor of reproductive outcome for infertile women. Methods A total of 79 infertile patients underwent hysteroscopic assessement of the midsecretory endometrium and hormonal measurement 7 9 d after a spontaneous ovulation assessed with transvaginal ultrasound. Pinopodes expression by scanning electron microscope was examined simultaneously in randomly selected 32 patients. All patients were followed up to determine their reproductive outcomes. Results Twenty-six （32.9%） patients were diagnosed as having ＇good＇ midsecretory endometrium and 53 （67.1%） as ＇poor＇ midsecretory endometrium by hysteroscopy. There were no significant differences of endometrial thickness and pattern in the ＇good＇ group compared with the ＇poor＇ group. Serum progesterone level in the ＂good＇ group was apparently higher than that in the ＇poor＇ group （P=0.025）, but no correlation was observed between serum oestradiol level and hysteroscopic finding. Significant differences of the development stage and number of pinopodes were observed between the two groups （P〈O.05）. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the ＇good＇ group （53.9%） than in the ＇poor＇ group （26.4%） （P=O.O17）. Conclusion The hysteroscopic appearance of the midsecretory endometrium is associated with serum progesterone level and pinopodes expression, which provides prognostic information with regard to the reproductive outcome of infertile women.

First record of Liposcelis entomophila(Enderlein)(Psocodea: Liposcelididae) from Sri Lanka based on morphological and molecular data

The booklice genus,Liposcelis(Psocodea:Liposcelididae),owns some stored product pests and have economic importance.In this study,6 booklice specimens from Sri Lanka were collected and identified based on morphological and molecular data.According to the morphological and phylogenetic analyses,the samples were identified as Liposcelis entomophila.The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I(COI)and second internal transcribed spacer(ITS2)were sequenced for phylogenetic work.The phylogenetic trees show that the samples assemble with L.entomophila together and could be distinguished with other Liposcelis spp.apparently.The genus Liposcelis and the species L.entomophila are firstly reported in Sri Lanka.

Uncontacted tire explosion causing trauma to bilateral lower extremities： A case report

It is uncommon for tire explosion related injuries on the lower extremity. The bilateral lower extremities were injured by tire explosion when the patient was seated in a bus. She sustained an open fracture with partial bone loss in the right calcaneus （a comminuted fracture in the right ankle joint） and a closed comminuted fracture in the left tibia and fibula. This damage was caused by uncontacted tire explosion, thanks to a thick floor between the exploded tire and the patient＇s feet. This type of injury on lower extremity caused by uncontacted tire explosion was uncommon.