Imiquimod:A potential option for inhibition of repigmentation of congenital melanocytic nevus after laser ablation

Congenital melanocytic nevi(CMN) are common skin tumors. Large and specially located nevi cannot be completely removed by surgery, posing the risks of both cosmetic deformities and potential malignancy.Nonsurgical treatments, such as laser therapy and physical dermabrasion, can overcome the limitations of surgery;however, the high rate of repigmentation remains an unresolved global challenge. We conducted a self-controlled observational study of a patient with a nevus on the chest. Two areas of the lesion were treated with an Er:YAG laser and 5% imiquimod cream was applied to one of these areas. After nearly 7-months of follow-up, we observed a significant difference in color between the two areas, suggesting that topical imiquimod may inhibit repigmentation and significantly enhance the effectiveness of laser treatment.

Esterification of acetic acid with isobutanol catalyzed by ionic liquid n-sulfopropyl-3-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate:Experimental and kinetic study

As an important organic,isobutyl acetate(IbAc)has been widely used in industries because of its good biodegradability,low surface tension,and other properties.The industrial production of IbAc is usually catalyzed by sulfuric acid.However,the use of sulfuric acid has the drawbacks of causing considerable corrosion to equipment and being difficult to be separated.In this work,n-sulfopropyl-3-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate([HSO_(3)-PMPY][CF_(3)SO_(3)])Bronsted acidic ionic liquid(BAIL)was used as the catalyst and the catalytic activity,solubility,and corrosiveness were evaluated for the esterification of acetic acid with isobutanol.The reaction kinetics and chemical equilibrium were systemically studied.Compared to conventional acid catalysts,[HSO_(3)-PMPY][CF_(3)SO_(3)]showed higher catalytic activity,more excellent reusability,more favorable phase separation,and non-corrosiveness.Three kinetic equations based on ideal homogeneous(IH),non-ideal homogeneous(NIH),and modified nonideal homogeneous(NIH-M)models were established and correlated with the experimental data to determine the parameters and errors.The NIH-M model exhibited the best agreement with the experimental data,owing to its prediction considering the non-ideality and the self-catalysis effect of acetic acid in this system.Besides,the error of NIH-M model fitting was mainly caused by the difference in solubility between[HSO_(3)-PMPY][CF_(3)SO_(3)]with reactants and products in the reaction system.Furthermore,the applicability of the NIH-M model was investigated by simulating the esterification of acetic acid with three short-chain alcohols(ethanol,n-butanol,and isobutanol)catalyzed by BAILs.The NIH-M model displayed an acceptable simulation for this type of acetic acid esterification reaction catalyzed by BAILs at different ranges of the BAILs concentration and temperature.This study confirmed the industrial prospects of[HSO_(3)-PMPY][CF_(3)SO_(3)]in isobutyl acetate production and the applicability of the NIH-M kinetic model in the esterification of acetic acid.

Application of the asynchronous advantage actor–critic machine learning algorithm to real-time accelerator tuning

This paper describes a real-time beam tuning method with an improved asynchronous advantage actor–critic(A3C)algorithm for accelerator systems.The operating parameters of devices are usually inconsistent with the predictions of physical designs because of errors in mechanical matching and installation.Therefore,parameter optimization methods such as pointwise scanning,evolutionary algorithms(EAs),and robust conjugate direction search are widely used in beam tuning to compensate for this inconsistency.However,it is difficult for them to deal with a large number of discrete local optima.The A3C algorithm,which has been applied in the automated control field,provides an approach for improving multi-dimensional optimization.The A3C algorithm is introduced and improved for the real-time beam tuning code for accelerators.Experiments in which optimization is achieved by using pointwise scanning,the genetic algorithm(one kind of EAs),and the A3C-algorithm are conducted and compared to optimize the currents of four steering magnets and two solenoids in the low-energy beam transport section(LEBT)of the Xi’an Proton Application Facility.Optimal currents are determined when the highest transmission of a radio frequency quadrupole(RFQ)accelerator downstream of the LEBT is achieved.The optimal work points of the tuned accelerator were obtained with currents of 0 A,0 A,0 A,and 0.1 A,for the four steering magnets,and 107 A and 96 A for the two solenoids.Furthermore,the highest transmission of the RFQ was 91.2%.Meanwhile,the lower time required for the optimization with the A3C algorithm was successfully verified.Optimization with the A3C algorithm consumed 42%and 78%less time than pointwise scanning with random initialization and pre-trained initialization of weights,respectively.

Multi-technique integration separation frameworks after steam reforming for coal-based hydrogen generation

Coal-based H2 generation has abruptly increased in recent years.The PSA-VPSA-SC process is the matured and standard framework for H2 purification and CO_(2) capture in many existing plants,including normal and vacuum pressure swing adsorption units in series(PSA-VPSA),and shallow condensation unit(SC).However,this standard process is frequently subjected to low H2 recovery ratio and high purification cost.In this work,H2-selective and C02-selective membrane units,i.e.,HM and CO_(2) M,are attempted to support the standard process and ameliorate constraints.In the beginning,HM unit is arranged after VPSA to enhance H2 recovery from the decarbonized stream,i.e.,the PSA-VPSA-SC/HM process.As a result,H2 recovery ratio can be enhanced significantly from 83%to 98%.In the following,VPSA is replaced with CO_(2) M unit to reduce investment and operation cost,i.e.,the PSA-CO_(2) M-SC/HM process.Accordingly,the specific purification cost is diminished from 33.46 to 32.02 USD·(103 m^(3) H_(2))-1,saved by 4.3%,meanwhile the construction cost is falling back and just a little higher than that for the standard process.In the end,another CO_(2) M unit is launched before PSA,i.e.,the CO_(2) M-PSA-CO_(2) M-SC/HM process,which could unbundle CO_(2) enrichment partially from H2 purification,and then save more investment and operation cost.In comparison with the standard process,this ultimate retrofitted process can be superior in all the three crucial indices,i.e.,recovery ratio,investment,and specific purification cost.On the whole,coal-based H2 generation can be ameliorated significantly through high efficient H2-selective and CO_(2)-selective membrane units.

Three New Coumarins from Micromelum integerrimum

Three derivatives of micromelin, named hydramicromelins A-C (1-3), were isolated from the aerial part of Micromelum integerrimum (Buch.-Ham) Roem., respectively. Hydramicromelins A-C (1-3) were epimers which possessed the same plane structure and molecular formula. Their structures were elucidated based on MS and NMR data. The relative configurations of 1-3 were established by NOE analysis.

Variable Parameter Nonlinear Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking Considering Mitigation of Drive-train Load

Since mechanical loads exert a significant influence on the life span of wind turbines, the reduction of transient load on drive-train shaft has received more attention when implementing a maximum power point tracking U+0028 MPPT U+0029 controller. Moreover, a trade-off between the efficiency of wind energy extraction and the load level of drive-train shaft becomes a key issue. However, for the existing control strategies based on nonlinear model of wind turbines, the MPPT efficiencies are improved at the cost of the intensive fluctuation of generator torque and significant increase of transient load on drive train shaft. Hence, in this paper, a nonlinear controller with variable parameter is proposed for improving MPPT efficiency and mitigating transient load on drive-train simultaneously. Then, simulations on FAST U+0028 Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence U+0029 code and experiments on the wind turbine simulator U+0028 WTS U+0029 based test bench are presented to verify the efficiency improvement of the proposed control strategy with less cost of drive-train load. © 2017 Chinese Association of Automation.

Robust reliable H-infinity control for nonlinear uncertain stochastic time-delay systems with Markovian jumping parameters

This paper deals with the problems of robust reliable exponential stabilization and robust stochastic stabilization with H-infinity performance for a class of nonlinear uncertain time-delay stochastic systems with Markovian jumping parameters. The time delays are assumed to be dependent on the system modes. Delay-dependent conditions for the solvability of these problems are obtained via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functionals. Furthermore, it is shown that the desired state feedback controller can be designed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the simulation is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

便携式深紫外280 nm半导体物证探测光源的研制及应用

人的指印各不同且具有唯一性,其吸收峰主要在279 nm左右。针对潜在指印的显现,我们设计了一种基于蓝宝石衬底的便携式深紫外280 nm半导体物证探测光源并应用于痕检。将便携式深紫外280 nm物证探测光源和266 nm激光器用于不同客体背景下指印的显现并进行对比。实验结果表明,便携式深紫外280 nm光源探照潜在指印的显现效果优于266 nm激光器。该光源具有便携、波段优、造价低等优点。此外,通过设计该光源的芯片阵列、控制系统、准直系统、散热系统等,优化了光束质量,为现场物证的发现和提取提供了一种便携式设备,在刑事科学技术领域具有很好的应用前景。

266 nm陶瓷激光器反射照相在指纹显现中的应用

本文研究潜在指纹显现的新技术,用自主研发的266 nm短波紫外陶瓷激光器作为光源照射检材,通过反射照相方法显现各种非渗透性客体表面的潜在指纹。紫外陶瓷激光器能有效显现出光滑客体表面的潜在指纹,并且油脂指纹检出率高于汗液指纹检出率。陶瓷材料由于其良好的化学稳定性、耐高温性、尺寸稳定性、光漫反射特性等优点,利用该266 nm短波紫外陶瓷激光器可以显现非渗透性客体表面的潜在指纹,在刑侦领域上有较好的应用前景。

Stiffness Degradation Characteristics Destructive Testing and Finite-Element Analysis of Prestressed Concrete T-Beam

The failure behavior of the precast prestressed concrete T girder was investigated by destructive test and finite-element analysis,and the mid-span deflection,girder stiffness and the variation of the cross section strain in the loading process were obtained,and the mechanical properties,mechanical behavior,elastic and plastic behavior and ultimate bearing capacity of T girder with large span were revealed.Furthermore,the relationship between the beam stiffness degradation,the neutral axis in cross-section,steel yielding and concrete cracking are investigated and analyzed.A method was proposed to predict the residual bearing capacity of a bridge based on the variation of the position of the cross section strain distribution and the section neutral axis,which provided a theoretical basis for predicting the stiffness detection and carrying capacity assessment of prestressed concrete beam.

A new model of the harmonic control based on Hadamard product

In terms of Hadamard product, a new model is proposed for the control of connection coefficients of the state variables of the systems. The control law to stabilize the systems via the regulations of connection coefficients is obtained via a Hadamard product involved bilinear matrix inequalities. This new control model may be of significant applications in many fields, especially may be of some special sense in the emergency control such as isolation and obstruction control.

Duality of 2-D singular systems of Roesser models

In this paper, the properties and concepts of dual systems of the two-dimensional singular Roesser models （2-D SRM） are studied. Two different concepts of the dual systems are proposed for the 2-D SRM. One is derived from the duality defined for two-dimensional singular general models （2-D SGM）-called the S-dual systems; the other one is defined based on 2-D SRM in a traditional sense-called the T-dual systems. It is shown that if a 2-D SRM is jump-mode free or jump-mode reachable, then it can be equivalently transformed into a canonical form of a 2-D SRM, for which the T-duality and the S-duality are equivalent. This will be of some perspective applications in the robust control of 2-D SRM.

Stability and output feedback stabilization for systems with Markovian switching and impulse effects

We investigate the exponential stability in the mean square sense for the systems with Markovian switching and impulse effects.Based on the statistic property of the Markov process,a stability criterion is established.Then,by the parameterizations via a family of auxiliary matrices,the dynamical output feedback controller can be solved via an LMI approach,which makes the closed-loop system exponentially stable.A numerical example is given to demonstrate the method.

Ductility and Ultimate Capacity of Concrete-Filled Lattice Rectangular Steel Tube Columns

A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation curves from the test results,the rationality and reliability of the finite element model has been confirmed,moreover,the change of the section stiffness and stress in the forcing process and the ultimate bearing capacity of the column were analyzed.Based on the model,the comparison of ultimate bearing capacity and ductility between CFLRST column and reinforced concrete(RC)column were also analyzed.The results of the finite element analysis show that the loading process of CFLRST column consists of elastic stage,yield stage and failure stage.The failure modes are mainly strength failure and failure of elastoplastic instability.CFLRST column has higher bearing capacities in comparison with reinforced concrete columns with the same steel ratio.In addition,the stiffness degeneration of CFLRST column is slower than RC column and CFLRST column has good ductility.

Stability Analysis and Hadamard Synergic Control for a Class of Dynamical Networks

Hadamard synergic control is a new kind of control problem which is achieved via a composite strategy of the state feedback control and the direct regulation of the part of connection coefficients of system state variables. Such a control is actually used very often in the practical areas. In this paper, we discuss Hadamard synergic stabilization problem for a class of dynamical networks. We analyze three cases: 1) Synergic stabilization problem for the general twonodenetwork. 2) Synergic stabilization problem for a special kind of networks. 3) Synergic stabilization problem for special kind of networks with communication timedelays. The mechanism of the synergic action between two control strategies: feedback control and the connection coefficients regulations are presented.

Bleomycin inhibits CLEC14A to attenuate the progression of extracranial arteriovenous malformations

Background:We previously reported that interstitial injection of bleomycin(BLM)reduces the size of early-stage extracranial arteriovenous malformation(AVM).Here,we sought to investigate the potential mechanism of BLM in treating extracranial AVM.Methods:Samples of human extracranial AVM(n=3)with no pharmacological treatment were harvested.AVM endothelial cells were isolated and cultured in primary cell culture.The transcriptome was examined using RNAsequencing,and differentially expressed C-type lectin domain family 14 member A(CLEC14A)was validated at the transcriptomic and protein levels.Immunocytochemical staining of CLEC14A was performed in samples of human extracranial AVM,with and without BLM treatment.Results:Through second-generation sequencing,we found that the expression of 5689 genes were differentially increased or decreased following 24-h BLM stimulation.We found that CLEC14A may play an important role in the progression of AVM and can be inhibited by BLM treatment.Conclusion:BLM inhibited CLEC14A expression to attenuate the progression of AVM.

Role of Heat Treatment Temperatures on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance Properties of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy

The microstructure and phase evolution of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy of as-cast,250℃+12 h,300℃+12 h,and 400℃+12 h were studied by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscope,and X-ray diffraction.The mechanical properties of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy in different states were tested by microhardness tester and tension tester.The corrosion resistance of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy in different states was measured by electrochemical workstation combined with hydrogen evolution and mass loss tests.The results show that the microstructure of as-cast Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy consists ofα,β,AlLi,Al3Er and MgAlLi_(2)phases.Changes of microstructure are morphology and quantity ofαphase,and second phases of MgAlLi_(2)and AlLi by heat treatments at different temperatures.The best comprehensive tensile properties of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er at 400℃are attributed to theαphase structure,solution strengthening and second phase strengthening.After heat treatments at different temperatures,the corrosion resistance of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er was improved compared with as-cast samples.The Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy has the best corrosion resistance at 250℃due to the best homogenization at this temperature.

Intralesional Interstitial Injection of Bleomycin for Management of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations in Children

Background Despite many advances in the treatment for extracranial arteriovenous malformations(AVMs),they still result in tedious dissection and potential unacceptable complications,particularly in children.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of intralesional interstitial injection of bleomycin for the treatment of children with AVMs.Methods A total of 10 children(6 boys and 4 girls)with AVMs were treated with serial interstitial bleomycin injections between May 2014 and January 2017.Maximum single doses of 15 U and 1 U/kg per session were administered for six sessions at a 1-month interval.Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated and classified into four categories:complete response(CR),partial response(PR),no response,and worsening at 3 months after the last session.Further clinical follow-up outcomes were classified as improved,stable,or aggravated.Adverse events were recorded according to the Society of Interventional Radiology classification.Results All 10 children completed the sessions and follow-ups.CR occurred in 3(30%)patients,PR in 6(60%),and no response in 1(20%).Minor complications(class A)included maculopapular rash,bulla,vomiting,and hyperpigmentation,whereas no major complications occurred.Conclusion Intralesional interstitial injection of bleomycin is a feasible approach for the treatment of AVMs in children and provides safe and effective outcomes.This method may be an earlier treatment alternative in children to prevent potential destructive progression,considering the serious complications of currently available therapeutic methods.

Torque Limit-based Inertial Control Method Based on Delayed Support for Primary Frequency Control of Wind Turbines

To avoid the secondary frequency dip caused by the steep drop of the electrical power of wind turbines(WTs)at the end of frequency support stage,the torque limit-based iner-tial control(TLIC)method sets the power reference as a linear function of rotor speed,rather than the step form for the step-wise inertial control.However,the compensation effect on the frequency nadir(FN)caused by the load surge is weakened as the TLIC power is no longer in the step form.Specifically,the maximum point of the frequency response component(FRC)contributed by TLIC occurs earlier than the minimum point of FRC corresponding to the load surge,so that the FN cannot be adequately raised.Therefore,this paper first investigates the relation between the peak and nadir times of FRCs stimulated by the TLIC and load power.On this basis,with the compensation principle of matching the peak and nadir times of FRCs,the improved TLIC method based on delayed support is proposed.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via the experiments on the test bench of wind-integrated power system.

High synchronization absolute distance measurement using a heterodyne and superheterodyne combined interferometer

We propose an absolute distance measurement method that employs heterodyne and superheterodyne combined interferometers to achieve synchronous detection and demodulation of multiwavelengths.Coarse and fine synthetic wavelengths are generated by a dual-longitudinal-mode He-Ne laser and four acoustic optical frequency shifters.Further,to improve phase synchronization measurement for multiwavelengths,we analyze the demodulation characteristics of coarse and fine measurement signals and adopt a demodulation method suitable for both signals.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve high-precision synchronous demodulation of multiwavelengths,and standard deviation is 1.7×10^(-5)m in a range of 2 m.