Strigolactones modulate cotton fiber elongation and secondary cell wall thickening

Cotton is one of the most important economic crops in the world,and it is a major source of fiber in the textile industry.Strigolactones(SLs)are a class of carotenoid-derived plant hormones involved in many processes of plant growth and development,although the functions of SL in fiber development remain largely unknown.Here,we found that the endogenous SLs were significantly higher in fibers at 20 days post-anthesis(DPA).Exogenous SLs significantly increased fiber length and cell wall thickness.Furthermore,we cloned three key SL biosynthetic genes,namely GhD27,GhMAX3,and GhMAX4,which were highly expressed in fibers,and subcellular localization analyses revealed that GhD27,GhMAX3,and GhMAX4 were localized in the chloroplast.The exogenous expression of GhD27,GhMAX3,and GhMAX4 complemented the physiological phenotypes of d27,max3,and max4 mutations in Arabidopsis,respectively.Knockdown of GhD27,GhMAX3,and GhMAX4 in cotton resulted in increased numbers of axillary buds and leaves,reduced fiber length,and significantly reduced fiber thickness.These findings revealed that SLs participate in plant growth,fiber elongation,and secondary cell wall formation in cotton.These results provide new and effective genetic resources for improving cotton fiber yield and plant architecture.

Aerosol deposition technology and its applications in batteries

Aerosol deposition(AD)method is a kind of additive manufacturing technology for fabricating dense films such as metals and ceramics at room temperature.It resolves the challenge of integrating ceramic films onto temperaturesensitive substrates,including metals,glasses,and polymers.It should be emphasized that the AD is a spray coating technology that uses powder without thermal assistance to generate films with high density.Compared to the traditional sputter-based approach,the AD shows several advantages in efficiency,convenience,better interfacial bonding and so on.Therefore,it opens some possibilities to the field of batteries,especially all-solidstate batteries(ASSBs)and draws much attention not only for research but also for large scale applications.The purpose of this work is to provide a critical review on the science and technology of AD as well as its applications in the field of batteries.The process,mechanism and effective parameters of AD,and recent developments in AD applications in the field of batteries will be systematically reviewed so that a trend for AD will be finally provided.

Left Radial Approach versus Right Radial Approach of Coronary Angiography in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease

Background: Transradial coronary angiography has established itself as safe alternative to transfemoral approach. Today, the artery of approach lies completely on the operator’s choice. The Right Radial Approach (RRA) has been a favorite for most of the interventional cardiologists due to the convenience in operating from the right side. The Left Radial Approach (LRA) has always been a neglected route. LRA does have many advantages over the right, the vascular anatomy being one of them. The aim of our study was to compare the right radial approach of diagnostic coronary angiography with left radial approach. Method: A total of 70 cases of Coronary Angiography (CAG) with normal Allen test and satisfying the inclusion criteria were prospectively observed and studied after randomly assigning them into two equal groups, LRA (Left Radial Approach) n = 35 and RRA (Right Radial Approach) n = 35. Multipurpose TIG (Tiger) catheter was used in both the approaches to catheterize the right as well as left coronary artery. Results: The access time, catheter manipulation time, procedure time, amount of contrast used, hospital stay, intensity of pain experienced, cost of the procedure and quality of coronary angiogram observed were statistically insignificant while the fluoroscopy time was slightly statistically significant which was independent to catheter manipulation time. Conclusions: The neglected Left Radial Approach to coronary angiography is as efficacious, safe and cost effective with reduction in arterial spasm complications when compared to the Right Radial Approach performed by multipurpose Tiger catheter.

Seismic analysis of diagrid structural frames with shear-link fuse devices

This paper presents a new concept for enhancing the seismic ductility and damping capacity of diagrid structural frames by using shear-link fuse devices and its seismic performance is assessed through nonlinear static and dynamic analysis. The architectural elegancy of the diagrid structure attributed to its triangular leaning member configuration and high structural redundancy make this system a desirable choice for tall building design. However, forming a stable energy dissipation mechanism in diagrid framing remains to be investigated to expand its use in regions with high seismicity. To address this issue, a diagrid framing design is proposed here which provides a competitive design option in highly seismic regions through its increased ductility and improved energy dissipation capacity provided by replaceable shear links interconnecting the diagonal members at their ends.The structural characteristics and seismic behavior （capacity, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility） of the diagrid structural frame are demonstrated with a 21-story building diagrid frame subjected to nonlinear static and dynamic analysis. The findings from the nonfinear time history analysis verify that satisfactory seismic performance can be achieved by the proposed diagrid frame subjected to design basis earthquakes in California. In particular, one appealing feature of the proposed diagrid building is its reduced residual displacement after strong earthquakes.

Bioavailability of heavy metals in soil of the Tieguanyin tea garden, southeastern China

The bioavailability of 22 heavy metals was investigated at 19 sampling sites in Tieguanyin tea garden in Anxi County,Fujian Province,southeastern China.Heavy metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and evaluated by geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)).Dilute nitric acid extraction was used to evaluate biological activity.Cu,Pb,and Cd were highly bioavailable and most easily absorbed by tea trees.Heavy metal bioavailability in the surface soil was as the ratio of the effective state to the total amount.Cd had the highest I_(geo)values,and the respective samples and sites were classified as moderately/strongly contaminated.Cd element is considered the main factor of heavy metal pollution in the tea garden in Anxi.The other heavy metals studied were present in lower concentrations;thus,the samples were classified as uncontaminated or slightly contaminated.

Coastal Environmental Changes and Management in China in the Context of Global Changes and Human Activities

Coastal zone is the complex area with intense sea-land interaction. There are various types, complex environments and developed economy in coastal area of China. Under the influence of global change and human activities, the ecosystem of coastal zone is vulnerable and has sensitive response to environment changes. The environmental problems of sea-level rising have attached close attention by countries all over the world. As far as regions concerned, relative sea-level rising is more important than theoretical sea-level rising. The relative sea-level rising has resulted in series of environment disasters in coastal area of China, such as coastal erosion, seawater invasion, and floods in coastal lowlands, etc. The flux of sediments transported by rivers into sea is the main material source of marine pollution. The human activities are controlling factors of variations in river sediment loads. Under the influence of high strength development in the upstream region, the results are that the reduction of seagoing sediments in main rivers of China, and damage of coastal material balance. Land-based pollution is the main source of marine pollution. With rapid economic development in China s eastern coastal, pollutants flux into sea increase gradually. The results are that the environmental quality and seawater quality of marine have being deteriorated and pollution is serious increasingly. To meet the land demand of industrialization and urbanization, the sea reclamation has become an effective means to alleviate the contradiction between human and land in coastal area of China. This leads to large-scale reduction of coastal wetland area, and the heavy losses of ecological service value of coastal wetland. To face the environmental changes in coastal area of China and solve the contradiction among population, resources, environment, development, it is required to set up the system concept of man-land-sea relationship, so as to achieve sustainable development. The feasible measures include improving coastal management system, strengthening integrated basin management, attaching importance to construction of the coastal environment engineering, and raising the environmental monitoring and early warning level.

聚吡咯电化学制备实验的改进——一个开放式综合实验设计

聚吡咯作为一种具有特异光电性能的π-共轭类导电高分子,其制备实验也逐步走进大学课堂,成为融合化学、物理、材料等多个学科知识的代表性实验。项目组以本校“聚吡咯的电化学制备实验”为基础,将其从一个简单的任务式制备实验,改进成一个集制备条件自主选择以及导电性能表征为一体的综合性开放式实验:首先在三电极体系下进行电化学聚合,并以此为切入点,展开对聚合条件的开放式探索,然后使用循环伏安法对所得聚吡咯薄膜进行电致变色实验,最后测试其电导率并展开讨论和分析。本改进实验内容丰富,有助于学生综合技能的提升和科学思维的培养,更加贴合现代化学学科发展。

Side Effects of Gamifying Environmental Education Activities in Chinese Kindergartens

Environmental education is an effective approach to addressing environmental issues,and incorporating environmental education into kindergarten through gamified activities aligns with the concept of gamifying teaching and provides the optimal pathway for implementing environmental education.The purpose of this study is to investigate the specific processes involved in determining the objectives,themes,and content of gamified environmental education activities,as well as the organization,implementation,and evaluation of these activities in kindergarten settings.Five classes from Class G in Xining City Kindergarten were selected as the observational subjects for this study.Interviews were conducted with the teaching staff and the head of the kindergarten.The data obtained from observations and interviews served as the primary data for this research.The results indicate that the activity objectives formulated by teachers lack scientific basis and operability,with limited incorporation of gaming elements.The activity themes and content are narrow in scope and primarily determined by teachers and kindergarten administrators.The organization and implementation of activities often neglect the playful experiences of children,and activity evaluation is not given sufficient attention.

Research on the Cultivation Model of Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents with New Technology Use in Higher Education Institutions

The issue of new technology applications in education is a worldwide concern.Following a thorough review of current studies,this paper believes that new technology in a broad sense has"hard technology"(referring to new inventions,discoveries,and creations that can be practically operated and applied)and"soft technology"(generally referring to technology formed in all industry fields in response to new changes,new markets,new industries,and new business models,such as innovative marketing models,new team building,and management strategizing,cultural and creative skills,etc.),with distinctive and external and internal connotations.In a narrow sense,new technology refers to the most recent and cutting-edge technology in a particular industry field.There are also definitions that are based on their applicability,such as referring to new operation methods as new technologies.The premise of how to precisely implement new technology application education in higher education is to understand how students in higher education institutions think.For this reason,this study takes senior graduate students as its target,and through the statistics and analysis of survey data,we get three results.First,education featuring applications of new technology proves highly compelling,particularly given its importance in graduates'career development,thus garnering support;second,such education is both conceptual and practice-based;third,education concerned with the application of new technologies can be carried out in any major,both in engineering and non-engineering disciplines,with different requirements for educational content and technical skills according to the varying disciplines.Based on the investigation and analysis,we propose solutions and recommend methods of applying new applications in higher education.

Critical Nodes Identification: A Non-Cooperative Method for Unknown Topology Information in Ad Hoc Networks

The foundation of ad hoc networks lies in the guarantee of continuous connectivity.However,critical nodes,whose failure can easily destroy network connectivity,will influence the ad hoc network connectivity significantly.To protect the network efficiently,critical nodes should be identified accurately and rapidly.Unlike existing critical node identification methods for unknown topology that identify critical nodes according to historical information,this paper develops a critical node identification method to relax the prior topology information condition about critical nodes.Specifically,we first deduce a theorem about the minimum communication range for a node through the number of nodes and deployment ranges,and prove the universality of the theorem in a realistic two-dimensional scenario.After that,we analyze the relationship between communication range and degree value for each node and prove that the greater number of nodes within the communication range of a node,the greater degree value of nodes with high probability.Moreover,we develop a novel strategy to improve the accuracy of critical node identification without topology information.Finally,simulation results indicate the proposed strategy can achieve high accuracy and low redundancy while ensuring low time consumption in the scenarios with unknown topology information in ad hoc networks.

Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy improved refractory acne conglobata and perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens rather than hidradenitis suppurativa

Acne conglobata(AC),perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens(PCAS)and hidradenitis suppurativa(HS)are uncommon refractory chronic,inflammatory,scarring diseases but cause serious damage to the quality of life.These three diseases are associated with follicular occlusion.Several studies indicated topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy(ALA-PDT)improved follicular occlusion besides acne treatment.So we attempted to apply ALA-PDT to medicine resistant AC,PCAS and HS.Topical ALA-PDT was applied to 10 patients with AC,seven patients with PCAS and three patients with HS for more than three sessions.All the patients completed the dermatology life quality index(DLQI)questionnaire and were assessed for the efficacy at the baseline and on two weeks after each treatment.Adverse effects were recorded at each visit.The results showed 25.5%(5/20,two cases of AC and three cases of PCAS)of patients achieved excellent improvement after three sessions of PDT and another 60.0%(12/20,eight cases of AC and four cases of PCAS)of patients achieved good improvement.15.0%(3/20,three cases of HS)got poor response(<20%lesions clearance).Anotherfive cases(three cases of AC and two cases of PCAS)also achieved excellent response after 5–7 sessions of PDT.We also found that papular/nodular,cyst/abscess showed higher clearance rate than sinus/¯stula(88.5%,86.1%versus 11.1%).DLQI was reduced after three sessions of PDT in AC and PCAS patients rather than HS patients.5-ALA-PDT could improve refractory AC and PCAS but could not lead to improvement in late stage of HS.The e±cacy increased with more treatment sessions.

Changes in Sedimentation Rate of Tidal Flat and Environmental Significance at Qidong Foreland of the Yangtze Estuary

The sedimentation rate is an important environmental parameter to understand the evolution of coastal geomorphology. The tidal flat around Qidong foreland is located in the junction between Yangtze Estuary and Jiangsu coast,where the land-ocean interactions are strong and highly sensitive to environmental changes. The QDZ-1 core sediments collected at Qidong foreland was analyzed for137 Cs dating and grain size.The results showed that silt is the main sedimentary type with a trend of gradually fining from the bottom to the top,conforming to the sedimentation characteristic of the silt muddy tidal flat. The sedimentation rate could be divided into three distinct stages: 1963 to 1986 was 2. 61 cm/yr,1963 to 2011 was 1. 82 cm/yr,and 1986 to 2011 was 1. 10 cm/yr. Based on these,further explanation was made for the significance of environmental changes. According to the estimation of sedimentation rate,the impact of extreme environmental change was reflected by the sudden increase in sand proportion at the depth of 172. 5 cm. Since the introduction of Spartina alterniflora in the 1970 s,it has played an important role in tidal flat development. The tidal flat has a high sedimentary rate during this time. With continuous accretion of the tidal flat,low tidal flat turns to high tidal flat,the sedimentation rate gradually declines,and tidal flat sedimentation appears.

Marketing Model Analysis of Fashion Communication Based on the Visual Analysis of Neutrosophic Systems

In order to Improvement the Neutrosophic sets as effective tools to deal with uncertain and inconsistent information.The research takes method-ology of combined single-valued neutrosophic rough set and multi-scale deci-sion systems.This paper proposes the optimal scale selection and reduction algorithms based on multi-scale single-valued neutrosophic dominance rough set model.User requirements were analyzed using KJ method to construct a hierarchical model.According to the statistics of representative studies from China and the West,we found that,on the one hand,classical theory has been expanded and supplemented in fashion culture communication and market-ing.The topics are more micro-diverse,and the research methods are inspired by other disciplines;on the other hand,Chinese practice and Chinese cultural perspective need to fill the gap.The fashion content in the new fashion,however,needs to broaden its boundaries,and in addition to integrating with cultural theory and sociology,it needs to be integrated with fashion products,including product design,visual communication,image design and so on.Aesthetic communication needs to be taken into account as an important connotation,with visual communication and the communication of images as important research elements.On the whole,this research abroad inspires the development of domestic fashion culture communication and marketing research.

Study on Yield and Traits of Different Maize Varieties in Chuxiong Prefecture

The new maize variety test was conducted to select fine varieties suitable for the ecological environment in Chuxiong Prefecture and speed up the variety upgrading. The results showed that Yunrui 392,Yunrui 407 and Yunrui 7 had good comprehensive traits,great lodging resistance,stable yield and good disease resistance,and their yield was 9531. 3,9312. 5 and 9250. 0 kg/ha,respectively,close to the yield of control variety Beiyu 16,indicating that the yield potential was large and they could be planted in Chuxiong to replace the varieties with low yield and poor resistance.

Sedimentary Characteristics and Response to Climate Change and Human Activities in Shilianghe Reservoir,Jiangsu Province

Reservoirs,as artificial lakes,suffer from silting inevitably since being constructed,the sediments from surrounding environment can provide a continuous record of environmental change.Shilianghe Reservoir,the largest artificial lake in Jiangsu Province,was constructed in 1959,and plays an important role in flood control,irrigation,water supply,and so on.Nevertheless,the silting situation of the reservoir is also quite serious.In this paper,the grain-size distribution of core from Shilianghe Reservoir and its response to environmental changes were studied.It is due to two driving factors:climate variability and human activities.Based on the analysis of the grain size distribution data,the sediments were mainly composed of clayey silt and silty clay with a clear tendency of upward fining.But a grain-size peak appeared at 86 cm,and the sand proportion was also very big,indicating that hydrodynamic force was stronger.There was a consistent trend of change between sediment record in Shilianghe Reservoir and historical precipitation in the basin.According to the dating mark of137 Cs,it can be determined primarily that the abnormal grain-size at 86 cm reflected possibly the rainstorm and flood event occurring in 1970.Human activities reduced the hydrodynamics of depositional environment.Hydraulic projects are direct human activities,and land use/cover changes are indirect human activities.It turned out that sediment yield and sediment load were more and more less,and sedimentation rate showed a decreasing trend.Furthermore,sediments tended to become smaller and had better sorting property.

修正的铅锶同位素混合模型定量解析大气PM_(2.5)的来源

本文在2014年3月至2015年1月采集了泉州市城区5个采样点的大气PM_(2.5)样品,并同步采集泉州市主要大气PM_(2.5)潜在污染源样品.采用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)和热电离质谱(TIMS)分析样品中铅、锶含量及铅、锶同位素的组成,利用铅、锶二元同位素示踪了大气PM_(2.5)的污染来源.结果表明,泉州市大气PM_(2.5)主要来自建筑尘、交通源、燃煤尘、垃圾焚烧厂飞灰和土壤扬尘.通过对传统的同位素混合模型计算方法的修正,尝试解决"二元同位素混合模型"无法定量解析3个以上PM_(2.5)潜在污染源的问题.根据修正的同位素混合模型计算采样期间大气各个PM_(2.5)潜在污染源的平均贡献率,分别为建筑尘(23.3%～35.4%)、交通源(22.4%～52.9%)、燃煤尘(10.1%～24.1%)、垃圾焚烧飞灰(2.1%～4.8%)和土壤扬尘(2.1%～14.5%),表明该修正方法具有一定的应用价值.

峨眉山玄武岩蚀变年龄及其对扬子西缘热事件的响应

火山岩储层的储集空间主要为各类孔隙.对峨眉山罗山村的玄武岩剖面实测及岩石学研究发现,玄武岩普遍遭受了绿泥石化、硅化、碳酸盐化、沸石化及金属矿化等多种蚀变,且强烈蚀变区域的杏仁体具有沿微裂隙串珠状分布、同种矿物从边缘到核部的多期次充填的产出状态,显示出杏仁体具有受构造控制热液蚀变的次生成因特点.对杏仁体内方解石开展的U-Pb同位素测试发现,不同部位的方解石有着236.9±19.6、184.2±13.2、125.90±6.43和114.06±3.76 Ma四个不同的地质年龄,是玄武岩对扬子板块西缘区域热事件响应.蚀变成因的绿泥石、石英及方解石原位稀土元素特征显示出它们分别与区域上花岗质岩浆及斑岩型铜矿化、铅锌多金属矿化、热液磷矿化以及幔源碱性岩侵入等热事件的流体相匹配,揭示了峨眉山玄武岩自古生代末期喷发后至少经历了晚印支、早燕山及晚燕山期不同构造阶段流体的叠加与改造.将峨眉山玄武岩研究与火山岩储层相联系,暗示了不同期次及来源的构造与流体作用不仅使玄武岩发生破碎,更重要的是,多期次热液的溶蚀为玄武岩次生孔隙的形成创造条件,热液蚀变-充填残余的微孔是形成盆地内火山岩优质天然气储层的基本前提条件.

代谢工程改造酿酒酵母底盘细胞

酿酒酵母是合成多种天然产物的微生物细胞工厂,合理利用酿酒酵母底盘细胞内源的代谢途径可生产高附加值的生物医药、食品保健和精细化学品类产物.如何精细调控和优化酿酒酵母胞内代谢流是实现目标化学物高产量、高产率和高转化的关键问题.乙酰辅酶A是中心代谢和天然产物合成的基本前体,精细调控乙酰辅酶A的合成是实现目标化合物高产的重要策略;改造酿酒酵母的甲羟戊酸途径,引入外源途径酶,表达萜类合成酶生产不同种类的萜类化合物;优化脂肪酸合成途径合成特定链长的脂肪酸及脂肪酸衍生物.本文总结了强化酿酒酵母中乙酰辅酶A积累的代谢工程策略,重构甲羟戊酸途径、脂肪酸途径从头合成天然萜类化合物和脂肪酸衍生物的研究进展,为利用酿酒酵母底盘细胞生产天然产物的相关研究提供代谢工程改造策略.

老年综合评估在慢性心力衰竭合并肌少症患者中的应用价值

目的探讨老年综合评估(comprehensive geriatric assessment,CGA)在老年慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)合并肌少症患者中的应用价值。方法本研究为前瞻性随机对照研究。选取合肥市第三人民医院2019年1月至2022年2月收治的老年CHF合并肌少症患者110例,应用随机数字表法分为观察组(56例)和对照组(54例)。治疗前对照组患者进行有选择的单项评估,包括跌倒风险评估、营养风险筛查简表评估,并常规给予改善心脏功能和预后的药物治疗;观察组患者治疗前进行CGA,包括躯体功能状态评估、精神心理状态评估、多重用药管理评估、疼痛评估、睡眠障碍评估、社会环境评估,并根据评估结果制定、实施和动态调整个体化诊疗方案。两组患者均治疗12周,比较两组患者的一般资料、治疗依从性,治疗前后血浆B型脑钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、6 min步行距离(6-minute walking distance,6MWD)、上肢臂力和6 m步速,临床疗效和预后。计量资料以x¯±s表示,组间比较采用成组t检验,组内治疗前后比较采用配对t检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ^(2)检验,等级资料比较采用秩和检验。结果两组患者性别、年龄、CHF病程、吸烟、饮酒、合并症数量和心功能分级以及治疗依从性比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),具有可比性。治疗前,两组患者血浆BNP、LVEF、6MWD、上肢握力和6 m步速比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者血浆BNP水平均低于治疗前且观察组低于对照组[(343.45±34.95)ng/L比(387.09±46.96)ng/L],LVEF、6MWD、上肢握力和6 m步速均高于治疗前且观察组均高于对照组[(49.61±7.11)%比(42.94±5.72)%,(348.92±37.73)m比(297.74±43.48)m,(22.64±3.82)kg比(19.48±3.88)kg,(0.97±0.10)m/s比(0.83±0.12)m/s],差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.51、-5.40、-6.60、-4.31、-6.60,均P<0.001)。治疗12周后,两组患者临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.216),但随访观察组总体预后不良率低于对照组[7.14%(4/56)比22.22%(12/54)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.03,P=0.025)。结论根据CGA结果制定、实施和动态调整个体化诊疗方案,有助于改善老年CHF合并肌少症患者的心脏功能,增加握力和躯体功能,降低主要不良心血管事件及全因死亡风险。

Kernel-blending connection approximated by a neural network for image classification

This paper proposes a kernel-blending connection approximated by a neural network(KBNN)for image classification.A kernel mapping connection structure,guaranteed by the function approximation theorem,is devised to blend feature extraction and feature classification through neural network learning.First,a feature extractor learns features from the raw images.Next,an automatically constructed kernel mapping connection maps the feature vectors into a feature space.Finally,a linear classifier is used as an output layer of the neural network to provide classification results.Furthermore,a novel loss function involving a cross-entropy loss and a hinge loss is proposed to improve the generalizability of the neural network.Experimental results on three well-known image datasets illustrate that the proposed method has good classification accuracy and generalizability.