A process-oriented approach for identifying potential landslides considering time-dependent behaviors beyond geomorphological features

Geomorphological features are commonly used to identify potential landslides.Nevertheless,overemphasis on these features could lead to misjudgment.This research proposes a process-oriented approach for potential landslide identification that considers time-dependent behaviors.The method integrates comprehensive remote sensing and geological analysis to qualitatively assess slope stability,and employs numerical analysis to quantitatively calculate aging stability.Specifically,a time-dependent stability calculation method for anticlinal slopes is developed and implemented in discrete element software,incorporating time-dependent mechanical and strength reduction calculations.By considering the time-dependent evolution of slopes,this method highlights the importance of both geomorphological features and time-dependent behaviors in landslide identification.This method has been applied to the Jiarishan slope(JRS)on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case study.The results show that the JRS,despite having landslide geomorphology,is a stable slope,highlighting the risk of misjudgment when relying solely on geomorphological features.This work provides insights into the geomorphological characterization and evolution history of the JRS and offers valuable guidance for studying slopes with similar landslide geomorphology.Furthermore,the process-oriented method incorporating timedependent evolution provides a means to evaluate potential landslides,reducing misjudgment due to excessive reliance on geomorphological features.

The characteristics of negative corona discharge and radio interference at different altitudes based on coaxial wire-cylinder gap

The corona discharge from transmission lines in high-altitude areas is more severe than at lower altitudes. The radio interference caused thereby is a key factor to be considered when designing transmission lines. To study the influence of altitude on negative corona characteristics, an experimental platform comprising a movable small corona cage was established: experiments were conducted at four altitudes in the range of 1120-4320 m, and data on the corona current pulse and radio interference level of 0.8-mm diameter fine copper wire under different negative voltages were collected. The experimental results show that the average amplitude, repetition frequency and average current of the corona current pulse increase with increasing altitude. The dispersion of pulse amplitude increases with increase in altitude, while the randomness of the pulse interval decreases continuously. Taking the average current as an intermediate variable,the relationship between radio interference level and altitude is obtained. The result of this research has some significance for understanding the corona discharge characteristics of ultra-highvoltage lines.

嵌入铂单原子的苯并咪唑基共价有机框架实现高效可见光析氢

氢气(H_(2))是一种清洁的无碳燃料,具有很高的能量密度,是化石能源的潜在替代品之一.半导体光催化水分解反应可将取之不竭的太阳能转化为氢气中的化学能,从而提供一条有前途的、经济和环境友好的产氢路线.光催化析氢反应(HER)涉及光捕集、激发、电荷分离和传输,以及表面质子还原过程.光激发态通常在几皮秒内发生,通过辐射或非辐射复合弛豫返回到基态,然而,光生电子迁移到表面并触发两电子的质子还原是一个慢过程,时间通常在几毫秒或以上.整个过程中转换效率因光生电子极易复合而大大降低.因此,如何延长光生电子寿命,促进电子及时传递到表面析氢位点,提高催化位点的析氢速率,是设计水分解高效光催化剂的关键,也是该领域的难题.有机半导体催化剂可以从地球丰度高的轻元素制备,具有成本低、毒性小和结构多样等特点.其中一个典型代表是共价有机框架(COFs),其具有大的比表面积及丰富可调的骨架组成和孔道结构,在分子水平上的可设计性具有独特优势.苯并咪唑化合物具有较大极性和灵活可调的π共轭结构,被广泛用作光电器件的共轭辅助分子.以苯并咪唑基单体直接合成的COF种类罕见,且未见相关COF用于光催化反应的报道.本文通过选用不对称的苯并咪唑单体(2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并咪唑)与三醛基间苯三酚直接通过席夫碱化学反应缩合,制备了苯并咪唑基COF.该COF材料有效促进了光吸收和电荷分离/传递,以及高活性Pt单原子析氢位点的形成,在可见光驱动的析氢反应中表现出较好的析氢速率和转换频率.采用微波辅助的溶剂热策略快速合成了苯并咪唑基COF(PABZ-Tp),通过X射线衍射、傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱、13C固态核磁共振等研究其结构.光学和光电化学表征结果表明,PABZ-Tp在可见光范围.内展现出较好的光吸收,具有较低的激子解离能(17.8 meV),有效促进了长寿命自由光电子的形成.骨架中带负电荷的苯并咪唑基团不但是Pt单原子形成和稳定的主要因素,还有助于构建良好的电子迁移通道,从而有效促进了光生电子快速传递到表面Pt单原子位点,使得该催化剂在可见光驱动的析氢反应中表现出较高的催化效率,析氢速率高达115 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),转换频率为4475.1 h^(-1).理论计算结合瞬态吸收光谱等实验结果表明,苯并咪唑COF框架是产生高活性的关键,对于光吸收、电荷分离传递以及高效析氢位点的构筑均起了重要作用.综上,本文构筑了一种高效的COF基有机光催化剂用于可见光析氢过程.展示了使用不对称咪唑基单体构筑功能化COF材料的广阔前景.

Application of next-generation sequencing technology to precision medicine in cancer: joint consensus of the Tumor Biomarker Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology

Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technology is capable of sequencing millions or billions of DNA molecules simultaneously.Therefore, it represents a promising tool for the analysis of molecular targets for the initial diagnosis of disease, monitoring of disease progression, and identifying the mechanism of drug resistance. On behalf of the Tumor Biomarker Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) and the China Actionable Genome Consortium(CAGC), the present expert group hereby proposes advisory guidelines on clinical applications of NGS technology for the analysis of cancer driver genes for precision cancer therapy. This group comprises an assembly of laboratory cancer geneticists, clinical oncologists, bioinformaticians,pathologists, and other professionals. After multiple rounds of discussions and revisions, the expert group has reached a preliminary consensus on the need of NGS in clinical diagnosis, its regulation, and compliance standards in clinical sample collection. Moreover, it has prepared NGS criteria, the sequencing standard operation procedure(SOP), data analysis, report, and NGS platform certification and validation.

Compressive fatigue behavior and failure evolution of additive fiber-reinforced cemented tailings composites

The ordinary cemented tailings backfill(CTB)is a cement-based composite prepared from tailings,cementitious materials,and water.In this study,a series of laboratory tests,including uniaxial compression,digital image correlation measurement,and scanning electron microscope characteristics of fiber-reinforced CTB(FRCTB),was conducted to obtain the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),failure evolution,and microstructural characteristics of FRCTB specimens.The results show that adding fibers could increase the UCS values of the CTB by 6.90%to 32.76%.The UCS value of the FRCTB increased with the increase in the polypropylene(PP)fiber content.Moreover,the reinforcement effect of PP fiber on the CTB was better than that of glass fiber.The addition of fiber could increase the peak strain of the FRCTB by0.39%to 1.45%.The peak strain of the FRCTB increased with the increase in glass fiber content.The failure pattern of the FRCTB was coupled with tensile and shear failure.The addition of fiber effectively inhibited the propagation of cracks,and the bridging effect of cracks by the fiber effectively improved the mechanical properties of the FRCTB.The findings in this study can provide a basis for the backfilling design and optimization of mine backfilling methods.

Large Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis and Prognostic Based on DBNC and D-S Evidence Theory

Power transformer is a core equipment of power system, which undertakes the important functions of power transmission and transformation, and its safe and stable operation has great significance to the normal operation of the whole power system. Due to the complex structure of the transformer, the use of single information for condition-based maintenance (CBM) has certain limitations, with the help of advanced sensor monitoring and information fusion technology, multi-source information is applied to the prognostic and health management (PHM) of power transformer, which is an important way to realize the CBM of power transformer. This paper presents a method which combine deep belief network classifier (DBNC) and D-S evidence theory, and it is applied to the PHM of the large power transformer. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high correct rate of fault diagnosis for the power transformer with a large number of multi-source data.

Reconstruction resolution enhancement of EPISM based holographic stereogram with hogel spatial multiplexing

We investigate how the splicing mode of a holographic element(hogel)affects the reconstruction of a 3 D scene to improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram fabricated using the effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking method(EPISM).First,the effect of hogel spatial multiplexing on holographic recording and reconstruction is studied based on the mechanism of recording interference fringes in the holographic recording medium.Second,combined with the influence of multiple exposures on the hologram's diffraction efficiency,the diffraction efficiency of the holographic stereogram is analyzed in the spatial multiplexing mode.The holographic stereogram is then regarded as a special optical imaging system.The theory of spatial bandwidth product is adopted to describe the comprehensive resolution of the holographic stereogram,which explains why hogel spatial multiplexing can significantly improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram.Compared with the traditional printing method under the same parameters in optical experiments,hogel spatial multiplexing has a lower diffraction efficiency but a higher quality of reconstructed image,consistent with the theoretical analysis.

SARS-CoV-2 infection aggravates chronic comorbidities of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in mice

Background:Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and diabetes mellitus(DM)are top two chronic comorbidities that increase the severity and mortality of COVID-19.However,how SARS-CoV-2 alters the progression of chronic diseases remain unclear.Methods:We used adenovirus to deliver h-ACE2 to lung to enable SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice.SARS-CoV-2’s impacts on pathogenesis of chronic diseases were studied through histopathological,virologic and molecular biology analysis.Results:Pre-existing CVDs resulted in viral invasion,ROS elevation and activation of apoptosis pathways contribute myocardial injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Viral infection increased fasting blood glucose and reduced insulin response in DM model.Bone mineral density decreased shortly after infection,which associated with impaired PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.Conclusion:We established mouse models mimicked the complex pathological symptoms of COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases.Pre-existing diseases could impair the inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection,which further aggravated the pre-existing diseases.This work provided valuable information to better understand the interplay between the primary diseases and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Critical Temperature of Deconfinement in a Constrained Space Using a Bag Model at Vanishing Baryon Density

The geometry of fireballs in relativistic heavy ion collisions is approximated by a static box,which is infinite in two directions while finite in the other direction.The critical temperature of deconfinement phase transition is calculated explicitly in the MIT bag model at vanishing baryon density.It is found that the critical temperature shifts to a value higher than that in an unconstrained space.

某水电站近坝库岸滑坡涌浪预测研究

水电站建设及建成发电运行以后,伴随着水库蓄水,往往不同程度地触发岸坡岩土体失稳,不仅影响工程建设的实施,而且对拦河大坝和周围人民群众的生命财产安全造成严重威胁。本文以某水电站近坝库区的荒田滑坡为例,分析其滑动成因和机制;在启动速度和下滑速度计算的基础上,对其滑动入水后形成的涌浪进行分析和量化计算。根据山区河道型水库的特点提出弯道系数的概念并修正潘家铮计算公式,该系数主要由大坝附近涌浪监测结果反分析获得。基于数值计算确定不同水位情况下的失稳范围,采用上述修正方法对库区一处潜在失稳区岩土体进行滑动入水后的涌浪预测,从而获得较为可靠的预测结果,为水电站的安全运行提供重要依据。

The F5 gene predicts poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer by promoting cell migration identified using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis

Distal gastric cancer(DGC)is a subgroup of gastric cancer(GC),which has different molecular characteristics from proximal gastric cancer(PGC).These differences result in different overall survival(OS)rates;however,data pertaining to the survival rate in PGC or DGC are contradictory.This suggests that the location of GC is not the unique cause of the different survival rates,while the molecular characteristics might be more important factors determining the prognosis of DGC.Therefore,the aim of this study was to discover key prognostic factors in DGC using bioinformatic methods and to explore the potential molecular mechanism.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)public database was employed to screen data relating to DGC,and we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)on DGC patient samples to establish co-expression modules.High-weight genes(hub genes)in a dominant color module were identified.In vitro experiments and gene set enrichment analyses(GSEA)were carried out to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism.In this study,139 DGC samples were enrolled to perform a co-expression analysis.According to the correlation between gene modules and clinical characteristics,the royal blue module related to stage M of DGC was screened,and a survival analysis was conducted to show that highcoagulation-factor V(F5)expression was related to the short OS of patients with GC.In vitro experiments confirmed that F5 could promote the migration of GC cells.GSEA suggested that F5 might have affected the prognosis of GC by modulating the activities of the Wnt and/or the TGF-βsignaling pathways.Our results indicated that high F5 expression predicts poor prognosis of patients with DGC,and it functions probably by promoting cell migration through the Wnt and/or the TGF-βsignaling pathways.

Lung carcinoma with spindle and/or giant cell： a clinicopathological analysis of 17 cases

Objective： Lung carcinoma with spindle and （or） giant cell （LCSG） is a rare epithelial malignant tumor. The aim of our study is to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of 17 cases of LCSGs. Methods： Among 421 patients underwent resection of lung carcinomas, 17 cases of LCSG were studied for clinical, gross and histological parameters. Follow-up information was obtained and analyzed to clarify prognostically significant parameters. Results： The LCSG patients consisted of 15 males and 2 females, with the age ranging from 45 to 78 years （median, 58 years）; 5 cases of stage Ⅰ, 3 of stage Ⅱ, 9 of stage Ⅲ by pathological TNM staging; 2 cases of exclusively spindle cell carcinoma, 5 cases of lung carcinoma with spindle cell, 10 cases of lung carcinoma with giant-cell carcinoma. Cough, chest distress, or chest pain were the most common presenting symptoms, occurring in 15 patients （88.2%）. Of 5 patients in stage Ⅰ, 4 were alive and free of relapse for more than 5 years. The difference in survival was statistically significant between LCSG and squamous cell carcinoma patients （median survival, 36 vs. 61 months; P = 0.027）. Lymph node metastasis and carcinoma with giant cell were the hazardous factors impacting postoperative prognosis of LCSG patients. Conclusion： LCSG patients in early stage may have an optimistic outcome. Lung carcinomas with giant cell displayed multiple cell components in histopathology, and poor outcome due to more lymph node involved.

Anomaly Detection and Pattern Differentiation in Monitoring Data from Power Transformers

Aiming at the problem of abnormal data generated by a power transformer on-line monitoring system due to the influences of transformer operation state change,external environmental interference,communication interruption,and other factors,a method of anomaly recognition and differentiation for monitoring data was proposed.Firstly,the empirical wavelet transform(EWT)and the autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model were used for time series modelling of monitoring data to obtain the residual sequence reflecting the anomaly monitoring data value,and then the isolation forest algorithm was used to identify the abnormal information,and the monitoring sequence was segmented according to the recognition results.Secondly,the segmented sequence was symbolised by the improved multi-dimensional SAX vector representation method,and the assessment of the anomaly pattern was made by calculating the similarity score of the adjacent symbol vectors,and the monitoring sequence correlation was further used to verify the assessment.Finally,the case study result shows that the proposed method can reliably recognise abnormal data and accurately distinguish between invalid and valid anomaly patterns.

基于人工智能分析颈内动脉颅外段迂曲特征及对称性的应用性评价

目的验证人工智能技术提取的血管形态参数在颈内动脉颅外段(C1段)形态评价中的价值。方法收集2022年3月至11月于首都医科大学朝阳医院急诊进行头颈联合CT血管造影(CTA)检查的200例患者的全部血管资料。首先,通过人工智能深度学习的CTA影像资料,获取C1段定量解剖参数,包括实际长度、相对长度、距离因子度量、拐点计数指标、扭率、迂曲指数、弯曲度、曲率、角度和角度度量值指标10项血管相关参数;其次,由影像医师对C1段的对称性进行视觉评估并依据视觉评估结果将患者分为C1对称组及C1非对称组。通过配对t检验分析C1对称组和C1非对称组左右侧血管形态参数的差异;随后依据Metz分型将C1段分为直型、C型、S型、卷曲、折曲5种类型,使用ANOVA单因素分析不同迂曲类型血管形态之间存在的差异,验证上述10项血管形态学参数在不同迂曲类型C1段间存在的差异。结果200例患者的双侧C1段共400例血管被纳入分析,76例为女性。对C1段的对称性视觉评估结果显示,87例患者为C1对称组,113例患者为C1非对称组。C1对称组中10项血管形态指标左右侧差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),C1非对称组中左右侧C1段的相对长度、拐点计数指标和距离因子度量差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其余指标在双侧间差异不存在统计学意义(P>0.05)。对C1段迂曲类型视觉评估结果显示:24例为直型,126例为S型,182例为C型,18例为卷曲,50例为折曲。对400例C1段血管进行迂曲类型分类后,应用人工智能技术提取的相对长度、距离因子度量、拐点计数指标、迂曲指数、弯曲度、曲率、角度和角度度量指标8项血管参数在不同迂曲类型间差异存在统计学意义(P均<0.05),实际长度、扭率在不同迂曲类型间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血管形态学参数可以作为辅助评估血管形态的重要指标,这些定量指标可以帮助准确识别复杂的颈内动脉CTA三维图像上血管的走行、形态以及双侧血管对称性。

A functional hydrogenase mimic that catalyzes robust H_(2) evolution spontaneously in aqueous environment

Although great progress has been made in improving hydrogen production,highly efficient catalysts,which are able to produce hydrogen in a fast and steady way at ambient temperature and pressure,are still in large demand.Here,we report a[NiCo]-based hydrogenase mimic,NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme,that can catalyze robust hydrogen evolution spontaneously in water without external energy input at room temperature.This hydrogenase nanozyme facilitates water splitting reaction by forming a three-center Ni-OH-Co bond analogous to the[NiFe]-hydrogenase reaction by using aluminum as electron donor,and realizes hydrogen evolution with a high production rate of 915 L·h^(-1) per gram of nanozymes,which is hundreds of times higher than most of the natural hydrogenase or hydrogenase mimics.Furthermore,the NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme can robustly disrupt the adhesive oxidized layer of aluminum and enable the full consumption of electrons from aluminum.In contrast to the often-expensive synthetic catalysts that rely on rare elements and consume high energy,we envision that this NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme can potentially provide an upgrade for current hydrogen evolution,accelerate the development of scale-up hydrogen production,and generate a clean energy future.

Challenges and strategies of chlorine inhibition in anode systems for seawater electrolysis

Seawater electrolysis for green hydrogen production is one of the key technologies for achieving carbon neutrality.However,in anode systems,the chloride ions(Cl^(-))in seawater will trigger an undesired chlorine evolution reaction(CER)that competes with an oxygen evolution reaction(OER),resulting in inferior OER activity and selectivity.Besides,the corrosive Cl^(-)and its derivative products will corrode anodes during seawater electrolysis,leading to poor stability.Therefore,great efforts have been devoted to developing efficient strategies for chlorine inhibition to improve the activity,selectivity,and stability of anode materials.Herein,focusing on chlorine inhibition,we present a mini review to comprehensively and concisely summarize the recent progress in anode systems for boosting seawater electrolysis.In particular,two strategies of physical and chemical regulation to inhibit Cl^(-)are summarized in some representative cases.Finally,some challenges and future opportunities in anode systems for seawater electrolysis are prospected.This mini review aims to shed light on designing highly efficient anode materials for seawater electrolysis.

In-situ tracking CO_(2)-assisted isothermal-isobaric synthesis of selfassembled Bi-based photocatalyst using novel SAXS/XRD/XAFS combined technique

The synthetic path of a catalyst determines its morphology,species,and performance,and in-situ monitoring the catalyst formation process is fascinating and challenging.Herein,a newly developed synchrotron radiation smallangle X-ray scattering/X-ray diffraction/X-ray absorption fine structure(SAXS/XRD/XAFS)combined technique was used to in-situ monitor the isothermal-isobaric synthesis process of CO_(2)-assisted(BiO)_(2)CO_(3)(BOC)photocatalyst,and the atomic near-neighbor structure,crystalline structure and nanoscale particle size evolution with reaction time were simultaneously captured.The results show that both polyvinyl pyrrolidone and CO_(2)formed uniformly-distributed nano-sized scatterers in the Bi-based precursor solution,presenting short-range ordered structures to a certain extent.The as-prepared BOC catalytic particles underwent the evolution process of initial Bi(OH)3 precipitate,early-stage formed KBiO_(2)molecules,intermediate amorphous(BiO)4CO3(OH)2 nanoparticles,and finally crystallized flower-like BOC particles self-assembled by nanosheets.The flower-like BOC particles,Bi/BOC composite,and Bi nanospheres were further prepared with different synthesis paths.Flower-like BOC particles showed the best photocatalytic degradation performance of RhB.Scavenger experiment and theoretical calculation revealed the photocatalytic mechanisms of BOC.This work has implications for path-dependent synthesis of other catalysts.

New Discovery of the Jinshui Tin Deposit in the Middle Section of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt,Northwestern China:Mineralization Age and Exploration Significance

Tin,as one of the most important critical metals,has at-tracted great attention worldwide(Jiang et al.,2023,2020).China has the largest amount of tin resources in the world,ac-counting for nearly one-fourth of the world’s total(Jiang et al.,2020;Chen and Sheng,2015).Tin deposits in China mainly occur in the Nanling Range in southern China,the Sanjiang Basin in southwestern China,and the Great Xing’an Range in northeastern China,which account for 98%of the country’s tin resources,whereas tin deposits are relatively rare in north-western China(Ni et al.,2023;Chen et al.,2014,1992).

Pan-cancer immunogenic death analysis identifies key roles of CXCR3 and CCL18 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Immunogenic death is a form of programmed cell death that is common in the development and progression of cancer.However,its impact on tumor progression differs depending on the location of the tumor.Meanwhile,it also plays an important role in antitumor immunity because the process of immunogenic death can release substances that activate immunity.1 Therefore,in this study,the key mechanism of mediating immunogenic death in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)was found from the excavation of the immunogenic death characteristics of pan-cancer and the in-depth investigation of its effects on different tumor types(Fig.1A).

Study on moisture absorption characteristics of glass fibrereinforced epoxy resin material for composite insulators based on the 3D-Fick model

Long-term exposure to moisture leads to a gradual deterioration of performance and reduced service life of glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin(GFRP)material in composite insulators.Therefore,it is necessary to analyse the moisture absorption characteristics of GFRP material and the evolution of damage to their internal interface properties.Moisture absorption tests on GFRP rod material used in composite insulators to obtain their three-dimensional diffusion coefficients are conducted.Atomic force microscopy was then employed to obtain the composite material system's fibre/matrix interfacial phase parameters.Furthermore,a finite element model incorporating representative volume elements with interfacial phases and a mesoscale transient moisture absorption finite element model for the composite material was established.Finally,the moisture absorption characteristics of GFRP material and the evolution of damage to the interfacial phase under thermal-humidity cycling conditions were investigated.The results showed that the diffusion coefficient along the fibre direction in GFRP material was higher than that in the perpendicular direction.The moisture diffusion finite element model,incorporating an anisotropic interfacial phase,fitted the anisotropic diffusion coefficients of GFRP material more accurately.As moisture invaded the GFRP material,the mismatch stresses continuously increased during the moisture absorption.Moreover,the non-uniform arrangement of fibres resulted in uneven distribution of moistureinduced stresses inside the material,leading to higher mismatch stresses in areas with dense fibre arrangements in the matrix.Prolonged high and low humidity cycles led to the development of micro-cracks,micro-porosity,and interface debonding along the fibre direction at the GFRP material interfaces,thereby affecting the anisotropic moisture absorption characteristics of the material.The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the deterioration of GFRP material in composite insulator rods due to moisture degradation.