Specifications and control of spatial frequency errors of components in two-beam laser static holographic exposure for pulse compression grating fabrication

The large-aperture pulse compression grating(PCG) is a critical component in generating an ultra-high-intensity, ultra-short-pulse laser;however, the size of the PCG manufactured by transmission holographic exposure is limited to large-scale high-quality materials. The reflective method is a potential way for solving the size limitation, but there is still no successful precedent due to the lack of scientific specifications and advanced processing technology of exposure mirrors. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to clarify the specifications of components, and advanced processing technology is adopted to control the spatial frequency errors. Hereafter, we have successfully fabricated a multilayer dielectric grating of 200 mm × 150 mm by using an off-axis reflective exposure system with Φ300 mm. This demonstration proves that PCGs can be manufactured by using the reflection holographic exposure method and shows the potential for manufacturing the meter-level gratings used in 100 petawatt class high-power lasers.

宽带高阈值低色散镜的性能研究

宽带高损伤阈值低色散镜是拍瓦激光系统中不可或缺的光学元件。系统性地研究了金属-介质镜、介质镜和组合介质镜的光学性能、色散特性、抗损伤特性以及损伤机理。介质膜能够提高金属膜的损伤阈值,银-介质低色散镜的传输效率和损伤阈值比Au、Al更高;在飞秒激光作用下,金属-介质镜在近损伤阈值处为典型的鼓包形貌,这是由于金属层吸收了大量能量而产生了热应力破坏。在组合介质镜中,保护层HfO2的存在降低了Ta2O5中的电场,初始损伤层被转移至HfO2中,且在不牺牲反射带宽和色散性能的前提下介质膜的损伤阈值得到了提升。

Long-term stable silver nanowire transparent composite as bottom electrode for perovskite solar cells

As the most promising alternative to traditional indium tin oxide （ITO）, silver nanowire （AgNW） composite transparent electrodes with improved stabilities compared with that of the pristine AgNWs networks have been demonstrated in various devices. However, a stable AgNW/polymer composite as the bottom electrode for perovskite solar cells has not yet been reported. Here, a long-term stable, smooth AgNW composite with an antioxidant-modified chitosan polymer was developed. The modified polymer can effectively protect pristine AgNWs from side reactions with perovskite, whereas it does not block the carrier drift through the interface of the insulating polymer. The as-prepared AgNW/polymer composite electrode exhibited a root mean square roughness below 10 nm at a scan size of 50 μm × 50 μm, and its original sheet resistance did not change obviously after aging at 85 ℃ for 40 days in air. As a result, the perovskite solar cell employing the composite as the bottom electrode yielded a power conversion efficiency of 7.9%, which corresponds to nearly 75% of that of the reference device with an ITO electrode.

Angle amplifier in a 2D beam scanning system based on peristrophic multiplexed volume Bragg gratings

In this paper,a 2D angle amplifier based on peristrophic multiplexed volume Bragg gratings is designed and prepared,in which a calculation method is firstly proposed to optimize the number of channels to a minimum.The induction of peristrophic multiplexing reduces the performance difference in one bulk of the grating,whereas there is no need to deliberately optimize the fabrication process.It is revealed that a discrete 2D angle deflection range of±30°is obtained and the relative diffraction efficiency of all the grating channels reaches more than 55%with a root-meansquare deviation of less than 3.4%in the same grating.The deviation of the Bragg incidence and exit angles from the expected values is less than 0.07°.It is believed that the proposed 2D angle amplifier has the potential to realize high-performance and large-angle beam steering in high-power laser beam scanning systems.

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Zn_3V_3O_8 as novel anode material

Zn_3V_3O_8 two-dimensional micro sheets are successfully synthesized by combination of solvothermal method and heat treatment. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM) are used to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples, and the battery testing system is used to investigate its electrochemical performance. The results show that the Zn_3V_3O_8 is successfully obtained using mix solvent(water:ethylene glycol =1:1), and the sample takes on morphology of two-dimensional sheets. The initial discharge capacity for Zn_3V_3O_8 two-dimensional micro sheets is 752.0 mAh/g at 100 mA/g in the voltage range of 0.01-3 V. After heat treatment in a tube furnace at 550 ℃, the sample had the initial discharge capacity as 1152.0 mAh/g and maintained it at 901.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles. The good electrochemical performance for Zn_3V_3O_8 two-dimensional micro sheets make it possible to be used as novel anode for lithium ion battery application.

All-and mixed-dielectric grating for Nd:glass-based high-energy pulse compression

Maximizing the energy-loading performance of gratings is a universal theme in high-energy pulse compression.However,sporadic grating designs strongly restrict the development of high-power laser engineering.This study proposes an all-and mixed-dielectric grating design paradigm for Nd:glass-based pulse compressors.The solution regions are classified according to the line density.High diffraction efficiency solutions are described in more detail based on the dispersion amount and incident angle.Moreover,an energy scaling factor of 7.09 times larger than that of the National Ignition Facility’s Advanced Radiographic Capability(NIF-ARC)is obtained by taking advantage of the low electric field intensity at transverse magnetic polarization and a small incident angle.These results make a pioneering contribution to facilitate future 20–50-petawatt-class ultrafast laser systems.

Measuring the topological charge of optical vortices with a single plate

Measuring the topological charge(TC) of optical vortex beams by the edge-diffraction pattern of a single plate is proposed and demonstrated. The diffraction fringes can keep well discernible in a wide three-dimensional range in this method. The redundant fringes of the diffracted fork-shaped pattern in the near-field can determine the TC value, and the orientation of the fork tells the handedness of the vortex. The plate can be opaque or translucent, and the requirement of the translucent plate for TC measurement is analyzed. Measurement of TCs up to ±40 is experimentally demonstrated by subtracting the upper and lower fringe numbers with respect to the center of the light. The plate is easy to get, and this feasible measurement can bring great convenience and efficiency for researchers.