术前焦虑对胸腔镜肺癌根治术后患者早期预后的影响

背景与目的肺癌患者常伴焦虑,影响术后恢复。本研究旨在观察术前焦虑对胸腔镜肺癌根治术后患者早期预后的影响。方法以胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者100例为研究对象,术前采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(hospital anxiety and depression scale,HADS)对患者进行评估,其中焦虑患者44例(焦虑评分≥8分)纳入焦虑组;非焦虑患者56例(焦虑评分<8分)纳入对照组,术后随访患者早期预后指标。主要研究终点:患者术后住院时间;次要研究终点:患者总住院时间、术后视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、术后恶心呕吐及新发心律失常发生率、术后镇痛药和补救止吐药用量。结果相对于对照组,焦虑组术后住院时间及总住院时间均明显延长[(5.1±2.5)d vs(4.0±1.3)d,P<0.01;(10.9±4.0)d vs(9.1±4.1)d,P<0.05];术后VAS评分、恶心及新发心律失常发生率显著增高[(4.7±1.9)分vs(2.6±1.8)分,P<0.001;40.9%vs 16.1%,P<0.01;36.4%vs 20.7%,P<0.05];术后镇痛药和补救止吐药用量增多[(72.5±8.9)m L vs(68.2±9.4)m L,P<0.05;(2.1±2.9)mg vs(0.9±1.9)mg,P<0.05]。结论术前焦虑可影响胸腔镜肺癌根治术后患者早期预后,延长住院时间,增加患者术后VAS评分、恶心及新发心律失常发生率,增加术后镇痛药及补救止吐药用量。

Electrical treeing behaviors in silicone rubber under an impulse voltage considering high temperature

In this paper,work was conducted to reveal electrical tree behaviors（initiation and propagation）of silicone rubber（SIR） under an impulse voltage with high temperature.Impulse frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 1 k Hz were applied and the temperature was controlled between 30 °C and 90 °C.Experimental results show that tree initiation voltage decreases with increasing pulse frequency,and the descending amplitude is different in different frequency bands.As the pulse frequency increases,more frequent partial discharges occur in the channel,increasing the tree growth rate and the final shape intensity.As for temperature,the initiation voltage decreases and the tree shape becomes denser as the temperature gets higher.Based on differential scanning calorimetry results,we believe that partial segment relaxation of SIR at high temperature leads to a decrease in the initiation voltage.However,the tree growth rate decreases with increasing temperature.Carbonization deposition in the channel under high temperature was observed under microscope and proven by Raman analysis.Different tree growth models considering tree channel characteristics are proposed.It is believed that increasing the conductivity in the tree channel restrains the partial discharge,holding back the tree growth at high temperature.

Highly transparent and super-wettable nanocoatings hybridized with isocyanate-silane modified surfactant for multifunctional applications

Highly transparent and super-wettable nanocoatings for multifunctional applications with outstanding physical properties are in high demanded.However,such nanocoatings resistant to water invasion and Ultraviolet(UV)weathering remain a significant challenge.In this work,physically durable coatings based on inorganic nanoparticles(NPs)and an organic segment(isocyanate-silane modified surfactant)have been synthesized via a sol-gel approach.It is noteworthy the isocyanate-silane with-NH-C=O-functional group creates a strong bonding between the highly hydrophilic surfactant and the inorganic NPs.This in-house synthesized organic segment can render the coating long-lasting wetting properties and resist to be washed away by water,while the inorganic NPs can form sturdy covalent bonds with the nano-scale hierarchical structure on the glazing substrate to improve the durability.This nanocoating demonstrates high transparency with superwetting property(water contact angle,WCA=4.4±0.3°),effective de-frosting performance.Water invasion or UV accelerated weathering tests do not significantly affect the self-cleaning performance of nanocoating.Physical properties,including coating adhesion,hardness,Young's modulus,and abrasion resistance are systematically investigated.Interestingly,this clear coating shows prominent infrared shielding property attributed to Antimony-doped tin oxide(Sb-doped SnO_(2))NPs.The developed nanocoating process is easy to scale up for larger areas that require multipurpose self-cleaning functions.

Improvement of the electrical resistivity of epoxy resin at elevated temperature by adding a positive temperature coefficient BaTiO3-based compound

The DC electrical resistivity-temperature characteristic is an important property for insulating materials to operate at a high stress level.In order to improve the DC electrical resistivity at elevated temperature in a targeted way,a positive temperature coefficient(PTC)material(Ba Ti O3-based compound(BT60))was selected as the filler in this paper,whose electrical resistivity has a PTC effect when the temperature exceeds its Curie temperature.The BT60 was treated with hydrogen peroxide and(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane.Epoxy composites with different loadings of BT60 fillers(0 wt%,0.5 wt%,and 2 wt%of epoxy)were prepared,denoted as EP-0,EP-0.5,and EP-2.It was shown that BT60 was able to maintain the DC breakdown strength when its loading was less than 2 wt%of epoxy.As the temperature exceeds 60°C,BT60 will compensate for the negative temperature coefficient effect of epoxy resin to some extent.The electrical resistivity of EP-2 was improved by 55%compared with that of neat epoxy at 90°C.It was found that the potential barrier at the grain boundary of BT60 and the deep traps in the interface between BT60 and the epoxy resin hinder the migration of carriers and thus increase the electrical resistivity of epoxy composite.

Ac Josephson effect in Corbino-geometry Josephson junctions constructed on Bi_(2)Te_(3) surface

Recently, a Corbino-geometry type of Josephson junction constructed on the surface of topological insulators has been proposed for hosting and braiding Majorana zero modes. As a first step to test this proposal, we successfully fabricated Corbino-geometry Josephson junctions(JJs) on the surface of Bi_(2)Te_(3) flakes. Ac Josephson effect with fractional Shapiro steps was observed in the Corbino-geometry JJs while the flux in the junction area was quantized. By analyzing the experimental data using the resistively shunted Josephson junction model, we found that the Corbino-geometry JJs exhibit a skewed current-phase relation due to its high transparency. The results suggest that Corbino-geometry JJs constructed on the surface of topological insulators may provide a promising platform for studying Majorana-related physics.

Research about Online Security Warning and Risk Assessment of Power Grid Based on Energy Management System

In this paper, online security warning and risk assessment of power grid are proposed, based on data from EMS （Energy Management System）, combined with information of real-time operation state, component status and external operating environment. It combines the two factors, contingency likelihood and severity, that determine system reliability, into risk indices on different loads and operation modes, which provide precise evaluation of the power grid＇s security performance. According to these indices, it can know the vulnerable area of the system and whether the normal operating mode or repair mode is over-limited or not, and provide decision-making support for dispatchers. Common cause outages and equipment-aging are considered in terms of the establishment of outage model. Multiple risk indices are defined in order to reflect the risk level of the power grid more comprehensively.

Unveiling microplastic distribution and interactions in the benthic layer of the Yangtze River Estuary and East China Sea

Microplastics(MPs),recognized as an emerging global environmental concern,have been extensively detected worldwide,with specific attention directed towards the Yangtze River Estuary(YRE)and East China Sea(ECS)regions.Despite their critical research significance,there remains a knowledge gap concerning the distribution of MPs in the benthic layer within this area,particularly regarding interactions governing their occurrence.Here we illuminate the distribution of MPs within the benthic layer and unravel the intricate interplay between bottom water and sediment in the YRE and ECS.We find that MPs are notably more abundant in bottom water,ranging from 8 to 175 times higher than in surface water.These MPs predominantly consist of polyester fibers,exhibit a size range between 0.5 and 5.0 mm,and display distinct coloration.Co-occurrence network analysis and Principal Coordinate Analysis confirm a robust correlation between MPs in bottom water and sediment,signifying the pivotal role of bottom water in mediating the distribution and transportation of MPs within the benthic layer.Furthermore,a positive correlation between MPs in sediment and bottom water turbidity underscores the impact of surface sediment resuspension and upwelling on MPs distribution.This study clarifies the intricate interactions within the benthic layer and highlights the crucial role of bottom water as a mediator in the vertical distribution of MPs,advancing our understanding of the“source-to-sink”transport processes governing MPs within water-sediment systems.

MPZL1 as an HGF/MET signaling amplifier promotes cell migration and invasion in glioblastoma

The extremely poor prognosis of patients is largely due to hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)/MET signaling,which promotes migration and invasion of glioblastoma(IDH wildtype;GBM;WHO grade 4).1,2 Clinical trials targeting MET,the only receptor of HGF,have yielded unimpressive results in GBM.3,4 Here we found that HGF induced strong chemotaxis on GBM cells,but MET expression was extremely low.We,therefore,used single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)coupled with label-free proteome profiling to identify membrane proteins associated with HGF/MET signaling amplification in GBM and to provide a novel modulator,MPZL1,for HGF/MET-targeted therapy.

Electrical tree degradation of MgO/epoxy resin composites at different voltage frequencies

Electrical tree degradation is one of the main causes of insulation failure in high-frequency transformers.Electrical tree degradation is studied on pure epoxy resin(EP)and MgO/EP composites at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 130 kHz.The results show that the tree initiation voltage of EP decreases,while the growth rate and the expansion coefficient increase with frequency.Moreover,the bubble phenomenon at high frequencies in EP composites is discussed.Combined with trap distribution character-istics within the material,the intrinsic mechanism of epoxy composites to inhibit the growth of the electrical tree at different frequencies is discussed.It can be concluded that more deep traps and blocking effect are introduced by doping nano-MgO into EP bulks,which can improve the electrical tree resistance performance of EP composites in a wide frequency range.

Electrical resistivity-temperature characteristics enhancement of insulating cross-linked polyethylene composites by incorporating positive temperature coefficient particles with different Curie temperatures

Incorporating positive temperature coefficient(PTC)ceramic particles into polymers provides a prospective alternative solution for suppressing severe electric field distortions caused by negative temperature coefficient(NTC)of electrical resistivity within polymer insulation in high voltage direct current cable.The effect of the Curie temperature of PTC particles on the inhibition of the NTC effect of cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE)is investigated in this study.Positive temperature coefficient particles with varied Curie temperatures are surface-modified and melt blending with XLPE.The modified particles are dispersed on averagely in the matrix.The electrical resistivity,space charge behaviour,and direct current(DC)electrical breakdown strength of the samples are investigated at different temperatures,exploring the effect of the Curie temperature of PTC particles on suppressing the NTC effect of XLPE.It is demonstrated that the reduction in Curie temperature can further suppress the NTC effect of XLPE,enhance the DC strength at elevated temperatures,and inhibit the internal space charge accumulation.The reduction in the Curie temperatures means that the initiation of the PTC effect advances,exhibiting a higher potential barrier and inhibiting the NTC effect more effectively.This work may give a reference for improving the temperature stability of DC properties for XLPE cable insulation.

Association discovery and outlier detection of air pollution emissions from industrial enterprises driven by big data

Air pollution is a major issue related to national economy and people's livelihood.At present,the researches on air pollution mostly focus on the pollutant emissions in a specific industry or region as a whole,and is a lack of attention to enterprise pollutant emissions from the micro level.Limited by the amount and time granularity of data from enterprises,enterprise pollutant emissions are stll understudied.Driven by big data of air pollution emissions of industrial enterprises monitored in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,the data mining of enterprises pollution emissions is carried out in the paper,including the association analysis between different features based on grey association,the association mining between different data based on association rule and the outlier detection based on clustering.The results show that:(1)The industries affecting NOx and SO2 mainly are electric power,heat production and supply industry,metal smelting and processing industries in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei;(2)These districts nearby Hengshui and Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province form strong association rules;(3)The industrial enterprises in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei are divided into six clusters,of which three categories belong to outliers with excessive emissions of total vOCs,PM and NH3 respectively.

Single-cell analyses identify anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11 as a switch controlling neuronal differentiation of glioblastoma cells

Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common and lethal malignancy in the central nervous system.1 One of the major difficulties in treatment is that the initial clinical diagnosis of GBM is already WHO grade IV,without recognizable lower-grade precursor lesions.Copy number variations(CNVs)were found to appear in malignant cells several years before the initial diagnosis of GBM.2 Less differentiation and more aggressive phenotypes were observed in GBM cells with a higher degree of CNVs.3 Additionally,CNVs provide more accurate stratification of clinical outcomes than does the WHO grade system.4 Therefore,we reasoned that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)among GBM cells with different CNV statuses would be significant for the aggressiveness of GBM.Here we leveraged the single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)to construct the CNV profile of GBM at single-cell resolution,divided GBM cells into different clusters according to their CNV statuses,and investigated the molecular functions of DEGs among GBM clusters.Through a series of experiments,we identified anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11(ANAPC11)as a switch controlling the neuronal differentiation of GBM cells,providing a novel alternative for the development of differentiation-inducing therapy to overcome GBM.

A novel ω-conotoxin Bu8 inhibiting N-type voltage-gated calcium channels displays potent analgesic activity

ω-Conotoxins inhibit N-type voltage-gated calcium(Ca_(v)2.2)channels and exhibit efficacy in attenuating neuropathic pain but have a low therapeutic index.Here,we synthesized and characterized a novelω-conotoxin,Bu8 from Conus bullatus,which consists of 25 amino acid residues and three disulfide bridges.Bu8 selectively and potently inhibits depolarization-activated Ba^(2+ )currents mediated by rat Ca_(v)2.2 expressed in HEK293 T cells(IC_(50)=89 nmol/L).Bu8 is two-fold more potent thanω-conotoxin MVIIA,aω-conotoxin currently used for the treatment of severe chronic pain.It also displays potent analgesic activity in animal pain models of hot plate and acetic acid writhing but has fewer side effects on mouse motor function and lower toxicity in goldfish.Its lower side effects may be attributed to its faster binding rate and higher recovery ratios.The NMR structure demonstrates that Bu8 contains a small irregular tripleβ-strand.The structure-activity relationships of Bu8 Ala mutants and Bu8/MVIIA hybrid mutants demonstrate that the binding mode of Ca_(v)2.2 with the amino acid residues in loop 1 and loop 2 of Bu8 is different from that of MVIIA.This study characterizes a novel,more potentω-conotoxin and provides new insights for designing Ca_(v)2.2 antagonists.

Geological Characteristics of Shale Gas in Different Strata of Marine Facies in South China

In the Middle and Upper Yangtze region of South China,there are well developed sets of marine shale strata.Currently only Wufeng Longmaxi shale gas has been developed in scale,while the Sinian and Cambrian shale gas are still under exploration.The various shale strata show different characteristics in lithological features,such as lithofacies types and reservoir physical properties,which are due to the influence of tectonic pattern,sedimentary environment,and diagenesis caused by tectonic subsidence.This will affect the later fracturing technology and fracturing effect.The shale reservoirs of Sinian doushantuo,Cambrian Niutitang,Upper Ordovician Wufeng,and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale were evaluated and compared with each other with respect to their sedimentary environments,lithofacies,minerals compositions,and micro pore characteristics.The reservoir characteristics of the shale and the main control factors of shale gas enrichment were summarized in this study.

Decorating rare-earth fluoride upconversion nanoparticles on AuNRs@Ag core-shell structure for NIR light-mediated photothermal therapy and bioimaging

Photothermal therapy(PTT)has presented its inherent application value in cancer treatment.Nevertheless,single-functional photothermal materials cannot meet the precise diagnosis and treatment of cance r.Therefo re,it is important to design a nanocomposite that has both high therapeutic efficiency and multimodal imaging capabilities.In our work,a new nanostructure of gold nanorods(AuNRs)with silver shells decorated by BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanoparticle was synthesized by a simple way.The biostability of AuNRs is increased by coating with silver shells,and the AuNR@Ag nanoparticles can be used as excellent surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)probe.Moreover,the modification of BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanoparticles provides the possibility of real-time optical imaging of the tumor area.Under the irradiation of NIR laser,the AuNR@Ag/BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)nanocomposites(NCs)have strong upconversion emission and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency.Meanwhile,the NCs show low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility in MTT cytotoxicity test.Moreover,the NCs are also exceptional contrast agents for CT imaging.For in vitro photothermal therapy test,NCs show excellent killing efficiency on tumor cells.Therefore,the multifaceted research of AuNR@Ag/BaGdF5:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)multifunctional nanomaterials provides a break for high-efficiency tumor photothermal therapy and multimodal imaging.

CO_(2) coordination-driven top-down synthesis of a 2D non-layered metal-organic framework

Combining the physical advantages of two-dimensional(2D)inorganic nanosheets and the modular design and programmed structure of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),2D MOFs remain at the forefront of functional material research.Despite tremendous efforts,precise control in the synthesis of 2D nonlayered MOFs with predesigned topology for desired applications remains challenging.Success in the bottom-up synthesis of 2D nonlayered MOFs via ligand exchange motivated us to incorporate partial BTC(BTC=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)ligand dissociation and CO_(2) capped coordination into the top-down treatment of bulk Cu-BTC MOF,leading to successful conversion of a 3D nonlayered network to a 2D Cu-based topological structure.Notably,a supercritical CO_(2)-containing solvent mixture is employed to provide the desired defect and coordination engineering.Thus,our work introduces a new top-down concept based on modulated synthesis to fabricate high-quality 2D nonlayered MOFs for the first time.