Functional prediction of tomato PLATZ family members and functional verification of Sl PLATZ17

PLATZ is a novel zinc finger DNA-binding protein that plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development and resisting abiotic stress.However,there has been very little research on the function of this family gene in tomatoes,which limits its application in germplasm resource improvement.Therefore,the PLATZ gene family was identified and analyzed in tomato,and its roles were predicted and verified to provide a basis for in-depth research on SlPLATZ gene function.In this study,the PLATZ family members of tomato were identified in the whole genome,and 19 SlPLATZ genes were obtained.Functional prediction was conducted based on gene and promoter structure analysis and RNA-seq-based expression pattern analysis.SlPLATZ genes that responded significantly under different abiotic stresses or were significantly differentially expressed among multiple tissues were screened as functional gene resources.SlPLATZ17 was selected for functional verification by experiment-based analysis.The results showed that the downregulation of SlPLATZ17 gene expression reduced the drought and salt tolerance of tomato plants.Tomato plants overexpressing SlPLATZ17 had larger flower sizes and long,thin petals,adjacent petals were not connected at the base,and the stamen circumference was smaller.This study contributes to understanding the functions of the SlPLATZ family in tomato and provides a reference for functional gene screening.

Intelligent diagnosis of atrial septal defect in children using echocardiography with deep learning

Background Atrial septal defect(ASD)is one of the most common congenital heart diseases.The diagnosis of ASD via transthoracic echocardiography is subjective and time-consuming.Methods The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of automatic detection of ASD in children based on color Doppler echocardiographic static images using end-to-end convolutional neural networks.The proposed depthwise separable convolution model identifies ASDs with static color Doppler images in a standard view.Among the standard views,we selected two echocardiographic views,i.e.,the subcostal sagittal view of the atrium septum and the low parasternal four-chamber view.The developed ASD detection system was validated using a training set consisting of 396 echocardiographic images corresponding to 198 cases.Additionally,an independent test dataset of 112 images corresponding to 56 cases was used,including 101 cases with ASDs and 153 cases with normal hearts.Results The average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,recall,precision,specificity,F1-score,and accuracy of the proposed ASD detection model were 91.99,80.00,82.22,87.50,79.57,and 83.04,respectively.Conclusions The proposed model can accurately and automatically identify ASD,providing a strong foundation for the intelligent diagnosis of congenital heart diseases.

Variation Characteristics of Heat Resources in Liaoning Province, China in Recent 60 Years and Their Impact on Meteorological Services

To study the temporal and spatial changes of heat resources to serve agricultural production and economic development. The climate data from 1958 to 2017 were selected, and the temporal and spatial changes of heat resources in Liaoning, China were analyzed by using the method of climate diagnosis and analysis. The results show that: the southern coastal area of Liaoning has the most heat resources, the northwestern hilly area and the eastern mountainous area the least, and the central plain area in the middle distribution pattern;compared with 1958-1980, 1981-2017 ≥0°C, ≥10°C accumulated temperature, etc. The value line is advanced 100-160km northward. The accumulated temperature of ≥0°C and ≥10°C in Liaoning experienced abrupt changes in climate in 1993 and 1994, and the climate abrupt change in the southern coastal area was earlier than that in the inland. , the increase in the northwestern hilly area and the eastern mountainous area is less than that in the central plain area and the southern coastal area. The study on the impact on meteorological services found that the increase or decrease of heat resources has a significant impact on agro-meteorological services, which can prolong the growing season of crops, relatively reduce the damage of frost, improve comprehensive utilization of land, and increase crop yields;at the same time, with the increase of heat resources and the northward expansion of the isoline of accumulated temperature, the area affected by pests and diseases has expanded, which has aggravated the harm to agriculture economic burden.

Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis of a Submersible Surface Ship and Resistance Forecasting Based on BP Neural Networks

This paper investigated the resistance performance of a submersible surface ship(SSS)in different working cases and scales to analyze the hydrodynamic performance characteristics of an SSS at different speeds and diving depths for engineering applications.First,a hydrostatic resistance performance test of the SSS was carried out in a towing tank.Second,the scale effect of the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient and wave-making resistance was analyzed.The differences between the three-dimensional real-scale ship resistance prediction and numerical methods were explained.Finally,the advantages of genetic algorithm(GA)and neural network were combined to predict the resistance of SSS.Back propagation neural network(BPNN)and GA-BPNN were utilized to predict the SSS resistance.We also studied neural network parameter optimization,including connection weights and thresholds,using K-fold cross-validation.The results showed that when a SSS sails at low and medium speeds,the influence of various underwater cases on resistance is not obvious,while at high speeds,the resistance of water surface cases increases sharply with an increase in speed.After improving the weights and thresholds through K-fold cross-validation and GA,the prediction results of BPNN have high consistency with the actual values.The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal design of the resistance of SSS in practical applications.

Rheological behavior of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution flowing through a molecular weight adjusting device with porous medium

The separate-layer injection in different interlayers and the injection of the same-molecular-weight polymer so- lution in a layer are necessary in the polymer flooding process because of heterogeneous multilayer sandstone reservoirs in EOR projects. To alleviate the matching problems between the layer permeability and the injected polymer molecular weight, a molecular weight adjusting device with porous medium was designed on the basis of mechanical degradation principle. In terms of four variables （polymer concentration, pore diameter, length of shear component and flow rate ）, the theological behavior of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide （HPAM） solu- tion flowing through the device was investigated in detail. The change of these variables is able to control the shear rate of HPAM solutions through ceramic foam, and achieve the desired degree of shear degradation and the final theological parameters-viscosity loss, viscoelasticity and pressure drop. Therefore, a linear relationship between viscosity loss and shearing rate was established so as to obtain the targeted viscosity easily. Field tests in the Daqing Oil Field showed that the polymer molecular weight could drop 20% to 50%. In a word, the results could guide the industrial application of the novel device and the further study of polymer degradation flowing through the porous medium.

自发性疼痛降低腹侧海马CA1到前额叶边缘下皮层通路功能连接性并且调控大鼠慢性炎症痛的发展

疼痛会引起自发性脑区活动的波动性改变和相关脑区环路的持续神经可塑性变化。有研究提示海马与内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)脑区活动与自发性疼痛和慢性疼痛相关,但该观点缺乏直接的证据。本研究结合长时程在体电生理记录与行为学实验,发现持续性自发性疼痛会显著破坏炎症痛模型大鼠中腹侧海马CA1-边缘下皮层(vCA1-IL)的功能连接水平以及海马对IL神经元活动的调节程度。采用化学遗传和光遗传学调控技术特异性激活vCA1-IL通路可减轻自发性疼痛。对vCA1-IL通路进行中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的特异性过表达能够活化通路功能,缓解自发性疼痛,加速炎症性疼痛的全面恢复。本研究确定了一种与自发性疼痛高度相关的神经通路。

Pancreatic head vs pancreatic body/tail cancer:Are they different?

BACKGROUND The impact of pancreatic tumor location on patient survival has been studied in large national data-based analyses which yielded controversial results.AIM To explore if pancreatic head cancer(PHC)and pancreatic body/tail cancer(PBTC)have different overall survival(OS),molecular signature and response to chemotherapy.METHODS We retrospectively queried patient records from July 2016 to June 2020 in our institution.Patient demographics,cancer stage on diagnosis,tumor location,somatic mutations,treatment,and survival are recorded and analyzed.A test is considered statistically significant if the P value was<0.05.RESULTS We reviewed 101 patients with complete records,among which 67(66.34%)were PHC and 34(33.66%)were PBTC.More PHC were diagnosed at younger age[61.49 vs 68.97,P=0.010],earlier stages(P=0.006)and underwent surgical resection(P=0.025).There were no significant differences among all mutations and pathways studied except for TP53 mutations(37.0%in PHC vs 70.0%in PBTC,P=0.03).OS was not statistically different between PHC and PBTC(P=0.636)in the overall population and in subgroups according to surgical resection status or stages.In terms of response to chemotherapy,chemotherapy regimens(FOLFIRINOX-based vs gemcitabine-based)didn’t impact disease free interval in those who had surgical resection in either PHC(P=0.546)or PBTC(P=0.654),or the duration of response to first line palliative treatment in those with advanced disease in PHC(P=0.915)or PBTC(P=0.524).CONCLUSION Even though PHC and PBTC have similar poor OS and response to chemotherapy,the different presentations and molecular profiles indicate they are different diseases.Utilization of molecular profiling to develop targeted therapy for individualization of treatment is needed.

GNSS/MET Station Equipment Maintenance and Product Application

Based on the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for meteorological detection in the world, we used the GNSS/MET detection equipment in the meteorological departments of Liaoning Province of China and its data to study and summarize the maintenance methods of GNSS/MET (Global Navigation Satellite System Meteorology) detection equipment and the application of water vapor products in operational systems. The results show that: 1) For GNSS/MET failures, specific inspections and classifications can be performed according to different phenomena;2) The GNSS water vapor measurement station samples every 30 seconds, forming one set of GNSS data every hour, and can detonate the atmospheric precipitation by solving the original data;3) Using the “Navigation Satellite Remote Sensing Water Vapor Application Management System”, the GNSS/MET water vapor products can be directly displayed. We can get the conclusion that GNSS/MET has far-reaching significance for studying the law of atmospheric water vapor changes and enhancing the ability to monitor severe weather such as heavy rain and strong convection.

基于纳米材料的可控组装策略和刺激响应型传感机制用于恶性肿瘤的靶向精准治疗研究

近几十年来,纳米材料在各个领域得到了广泛的应用,基于纳米材料的诊疗探针为癌症精准治疗带来了巨大的前景和机遇.近年来,本课题组通过研究纳米材料的可控生长和组装策略,构建了多种灵活的药物载体,并发展新型的刺激响应型生物传感体系,用于肿瘤的化疗、光动力治疗、光热治疗和基因治疗.在化疗方面,通过在上转换纳米颗粒、碳纳米管和Janus纳米粒子表面修饰DNA或RNA纳米结构构建复合药物载体,或利用核酸自组装形成的三维(3D)纳米结构构建药物递送系统,实现肿瘤的靶向治疗和药物的可控释放.在光动力治疗方面,建立了基于上转换纳米颗粒的新型光动力纳米治疗剂,它具有更高的能量传递效率和更多的活性氧的产量.在光热治疗方面,构建了多种新型复合纳米材料来提高光热转换能力.最后,还考察了纳米材料在肿瘤基因治疗方面的应用潜力.综上,本课题组基于纳米材料的可控生长和组装策略构建了多种诊疗探针,构建了刺激响应型生物传感体系,并验证了诊疗探针在恶性肿瘤靶向精准治疗中的应用潜力.

纯水介质中银催化α,β-不饱和酮碳碳双键的选择性还原

选择性还原α,β-不饱和酮中C=C键是有机化学中极具潜力且最有挑战性的官能团转化之一.本文以空气中稳定且极少量的N-杂环卡宾银配合物为催化剂、苯硅烷为还原剂,在水相且温和条件下,以较高的收率实现了α,β-不饱和酮化合物中双键的选择性还原,该体系可以兼容氟、氯、溴、三氟甲基、氨甲基、氰基及酯基等官能团,具有工业应用的潜质, TON值高达11250.该方法可用于药物分子的合成,后处理操作简单,避免了氢气及高压釜设备,为酮类的制备提供了新的思路和方法.初步机理研究表明,原位生成的银氢中间体为活性物种,随后对双键的加成是实现转化的关键,后经水解得到双键还原产物.

水相中银催化硝基化合物还原制备胺

芳胺是重要的基础化学品,被广泛应用于材料、药物化学等领域.发展新型、高效的催化合成策略制备芳香伯胺具有重要的科学研究意义.本文以商业易得的芳香硝基化合物为原料、廉价的三氟甲磺酸银为催化剂前体、苯硅烷为还原剂,在水相且温和条件下,实现了硝基的高选择性还原.该体系具有较好的兼容性,后处理操作简单,避免了氢气及高压釜设备,为芳香伯胺的制备提供了新的思路.机理研究表明,原位生成的银氢为活性物种,将硝基芳烃转化成为相应的芳香亚硝基化合物,中间体为偶氮苯及氢化偶氮苯.

Revealing the Regulation Effect of Surface Charge at Aromatic Interface to Dynamic Conformational Changes of α-Synuclein at Early Aggregation Stage

The aggregation ofα-synuclein(α-syn)is strongly influenced by membrane interfaces,but the mechanism of transition from monomers to oligomers at early aggregation stage is not clear.Here,we investigate the adsorption and structure changes ofα-syn on oppositely charged aromatic interfaces through in-situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy and nano-IR technique.The results show that the synergy of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions leads to a“fast-slow”two-step aggregation pathway on negatively charged interface.Surface adsorption induces the formation of an extended helix structure and subsequently partial helix unwinding in NAC region,which enables the hydrophobic stacking between nearby NAC regions.Stable antiparallel β-sheet rich aggregates are gradually emerging as further interactions of monomers with the fast formed“first layer”.Monomers electrostatically adsorb on positively charged interface by C-terminus with NAC region and N-terminus stretched in solvent,which serve as an aggregation core and induce further adsorption and gradual formation of aggregates with C-terminus exposure.Our results demonstrate the modulation of surface charge and synergy of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions on the interaction modes and aggregation pathways,which provide insights into dynamic conformation changes ofα-syn at early aggregation stage and imply the important role of spatial-temporal heterogeneity of membranes inα-synucleinopathies.

Semi-liquid metal-based highly permeable and adhesive electronic skin inspired by spider web

Soft and stretchable electronics have garnered significant attention in various fields, such as wearable electronics, electronic skins, and soft robotics. However, current wearable electronics made from materials like conductive elastomers, hydrogels, and liquid metals face limitations, including low permeability, poor adhesion, inadequate conductivity, and limited stretchability. These issues hinder their effectiveness in long-term healthcare monitoring and exercise monitoring. To address these challenges,we introduce a novel design of web-droplet-like electronics featuring a semi-liquid metal coating for wearable applications. This innovative design offers high permeability, excellent stretchability, strong adhesion, and good conductivity for the electronic skin. The unique structure, inspired by the architecture of a spider web, significantly enhances air permeability compared to commercial breathable patches.Furthermore, the distribution of polyborosiloxane mimics the adhesive properties of spider web mucus,while the use of semi-liquid metals in this design results in remarkable conductivity(9 × 10^(6)S/m) and tensile performance(up to 850% strain). This advanced electronic skin technology enables long-term monitoring of various physiological parameters and supports machine learning recognition functions with unparalleled advantages. This web-droplet structure design strategy holds great promise for commercial applications in medical health monitoring and disease diagnosis.

Numerical investigation of dynamic characteristics of dual throat nozzle and bypass dual throat nozzle in thrust vectoring starting process

The Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle(BDTN)is a novel fluidic Thrust Vectoring(TV)nozzle,it switches to TV state by opening the valve in the bypass.To greatly manipulate the BDTN,the dynamic characteristics in the TV starting process should be analyzed.This paper conducts numerical simulations to grasp the variation processes of performances and the flow field evolution of BDTN and Dual Throat Nozzle(DTN).The dynamic responses of TV starting in typical DTN models are investigated at first.Then,the TV starting processes of BDTN in different Nozzle Pressure Ratio(NPR)conditions are simulated,and the valve opening durations(T)are also considered.Before the expected TV direction is achieved in the DTN,the jet is deflected to the opposite direction at the beginning of the dynamic process,which is called the reverse TV phenomenon.However,this phenomenon disappears in the BDTN.The larger injection width of DTN intensifies unsteady oscillations,and the reverse TV phenomenon is strengthened.In the BDTN,T determines the delay degree of performance variations compared to the static results,which is called hysteresis effect.At NPR=10,the hysteresis affects the final stable performance of BDTN.This study analyses the dynamic characteristics in DTN and BDTN,laying a foundation for further design of nozzles and control strategies.

Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes with Ammonia Borane Catalyzed by Copper N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes

Herein,we present a method for the homogeneous hydrogenation of nitroarenes to produce anilines using low catalyst loading(1 mo%)of copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as the catalyst and ammonia borane as the source of hydrogen.A wide range of nitroarenes,featuring diverse functional groups,were selectively transformed into their corresponding primary aromatic amines with high yields.This process can be readily scaled up and exhibits compatibility with various sensitive functional groups,including halogen,trifluoromethyl,aminomethyl,alkenyl,cyano,ester,amide,and hydroxyl.Notably,this catalytic methodology finds application in the synthesis of essential drug compounds.Mechanistic investigations suggest that the in-situ-generated Cu-H species may serve as active intermediates,with reduction pathways involving species such as azobenzene,1,2-diphenylhydrazine,nitrosobenzene,and N-phenylhydroxylamine.

Dual-aligned porous electrodes for enhanced hydrogen evolution in alkaline water electrolysis

The efficiency of water electrolysis is significantly affected by the bubbles on the surface and inside the electrode.To enhance the gas-liquid transfer within the porous electrodes,we developed an innovative design termed dual-aligned porous electrode(D-APE),achieved by integrating magnetic alignment with freeze casting techniques.This paper investigates the hydrogen evolution performance of porous electrodes prepared using four different methods:evaporation,magnetic-aligned evaporation,freeze casting,and dual-aligned methods.The findings demonstrate that the magnetic-aligned process effectively alters the electrode structure,resulting in improved hydrogen evolution performance.Notably,among all the examined electrodes,the D-APE exhibits the highest hydrogen evolution performance,with further enhancements observed with prolonged the time of magnetic alignment.Furthermore,a comparison is made between electrodes prepared using the freeze casting method and the dual-aligned method at various thickness.The results show that the thinner D-APE exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution performance at high current density.Moreover,the D-APE demonstrates significantly improved material utilization rates compared to the conventional freeze casting method,offering promising prospects for enhancing the efficiency of water electrolysis.

Furin Enzyme-Responsive siRNA Delivery System for Efficient Anti-Hypoxia-Assisted Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

RNA interfering therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality to treat cancer.The specific and efficient delivery of RNA into a tumor is crucial for achieving effective cancer gene therapy but remains a huge challenge.Herein,we report a novel furin-responsive small interfering RNA(siRNA)delivery vehicle with multiple functions for colorectal tumor treatment.A peptide-based siRNA delivery vehicle RVRR-P18-Gd,consisting of furin enzyme-specific peptide substrate Arg-Val-Arg-Arg(RVRR)with positive charge for siRNA binding,a Gd(III)chelated 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid(DOTA)(DOTA-Gd)for magnetic resonance imaging,and purpurin 18 as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy(PDT),was rationally designed and synthesized.Taking advantage of the cationic amphiphilic feature,RVRR-P18-Gd molecules spontaneously self-assembled with negatively charged Hif-1αsiRNA into stable nanoparticles via attractive electrostatic interaction,which effectively prevented siRNA degradation by nucleases,prolonged the circulation half-life,and enhanced tumor accumulation.Moreover,the specific release of Hif-1αsiRNA mediated by endogenous furin significantly downregulated Hif-1αexpression in colorectal cancer cells,resulting in enhanced therapeutic susceptibility,and with the PDT effect,effectively suppressed HCT116 tumor growth in living mice.This work highlights a powerful and universal approach to precisely deliver siRNA to targeted tumors for efficient synergistic therapy.

Revealing the regulation of water dipole potential to aggregation of amyloid-β42 at chiral interface by surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy

Surface chirality plays an important role in determining the biological effect,but the molecular nature beyond stereoselectivity is still unknown.Herein,through surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy,electrochemistry,and theoretical simulations,we found diasteromeric monolayers induced by assembled density on chiral gold nanofilm and identified the positive contribution of water dipole poten-tial at chiral interface and their different interfacial interactions,which result in a difference both in the positive dipoles of interfacial water compensating the negative surface potential of the SAM and in the hindrance effect of interface dehydration,thereby regulating the interaction between amyloid-βpeptide(Aβ)and N-isobutyryl-cysteine(NIBC).Water on L-NIBC interface which shows stronger positive dipole potential weakens the negative surface potential,but its local weak binding to the isopropyl group facilitates hydrophobic interaction between Aβ42 and L-NIBC and resultedfiber aggregate.Conversely,electrostatic interaction between Aβ42 and D-NIBC induces spherical oligomer.Thesefindings provide new insight into molecular nature of chirality-regulated biological effect.

Random forests to predict survival of octogenarians with brain metastases from nonsmall-cell lung cancer

Background:To create and validate nomograms for the personalized prediction of survival in octogenarians with newly diagnosed nonsmall-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with sole brain metastases(BMs).Methods:Random forests(RF)were applied to identify independent prognostic factors for building nomogram models.The predictive accuracy of the model was evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,C-index,and calibration plots.Results:The area under the curve(AUC)values for overall survival at 6,12,and 18 months in the validation cohort were 0.837,0.867,and 0.849,respectively;the AUC values for cancer-specific survival prediction were 0.819,0.835,and 0.818,respectively.The calibration curves visualized the accuracy of the model.Conclusion:The new nomograms have good predictive power for survival among octogenarians with sole BMs related to NSCLC.

面向个人热管理的降温纺织品

高温环境下人体的局部微环境热调控对人类健康具有重大意义.纺织品作为人体与外界环境的一道防护屏障,对个人的热舒适管理有重要作用.普通纺织品由于缺乏高效的温度调控机制,难以应对周围环境的剧烈温度变化,尤其是在高温场景下如何实现有效的降温是亟须解决的难题.通过物理光学、材料科学和纺织工程等多学科交叉融合而衍生的降温纺织品,有望以更加有效和个性化的方式满足个体温度的调节需求,将通过多学科交叉创新的科学研究助力体育运动与医疗健康的智能化发展.本文重点讨论了降温纺织品的基本机制、研究进展和应用场景,阐述其发展方向和产业化潜力,并展望降温纺织品在多元化运动和智能化医疗中的广阔前景.