The Triple Combination of Meropenem,Avibactam,and a Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Optimizes Antibacterial Coverage Against Different β-Lactamase Producers

This work explores the potential of a triple combination of meropenem(MEM),a novel metallo-blactamase(MBL)inhibitor(indole-2-carboxylate 58(InC58)),and a serine-b-lactamase(SBL)inhibitor(avibactam(AVI))for broad-spectrum activity against carbapenemase-producing bacteria.A diverse panel comprising MBL-and SBL-producing strains was used for susceptibility testing of the triple combination using the agar dilution method.The frequency of resistance(FoR)to MEM combined with InC58 was investigated.Mutants were sequenced and tested for cross resistance,fitness,and the stability of the resistance phenotype.Compared with the double combinations of MEM plus an SBL or MBL inhibitor,the triple combination extended the spectrum of activity to most of the isolates bearing SBLs(oxacillinase-48(OXA-48)and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2(KPC-2))and MBLs(New Delhi metallo-blactamases(NDMs)),although it was not effective against Verona integron-encoded metallo-blactamase(VIM)-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)and OXA-23-carrying Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii).The FoR to MEM plus InC58 ranged from 2.22×10^(-7)to 1.13×10^(-6).The resistance correlated with mutations to ompC and comR,affecting porin C and copper permeability,respectively.The mutants manifested a fitness cost,a decreased level of resistance during passage without antibiotic pressure,and cross resistance to another carbapenem(imipenem)and a b-lactamase inhibitor(taniborbactam).In conclusion,compared with the dual combinations,the triple combination of MEM with InC58 and AVI showed a much wider spectrum of activity against different carbapenemaseproducing bacteria,revealing a new strategy to combat b-lactamase-mediated antimicrobial resistance.

Maximum Correntropy Criterion-Based UKF for Loosely Coupling INS and UWB in Indoor Localization

Indoor positioning is a key technology in today’s intelligent environments,and it plays a crucial role in many application areas.This paper proposed an unscented Kalman filter(UKF)based on the maximum correntropy criterion(MCC)instead of the minimummean square error criterion(MMSE).This innovative approach is applied to the loose coupling of the Inertial Navigation System(INS)and Ultra-Wideband(UWB).By introducing the maximum correntropy criterion,the MCCUKF algorithm dynamically adjusts the covariance matrices of the system noise and the measurement noise,thus enhancing its adaptability to diverse environmental localization requirements.Particularly in the presence of non-Gaussian noise,especially heavy-tailed noise,the MCCUKF exhibits superior accuracy and robustness compared to the traditional UKF.The method initially generates an estimate of the predicted state and covariance matrix through the unscented transform(UT)and then recharacterizes the measurement information using a nonlinear regression method at the cost of theMCC.Subsequently,the state and covariance matrices of the filter are updated by employing the unscented transformation on the measurement equations.Moreover,to mitigate the influence of non-line-of-sight(NLOS)errors positioning accuracy,this paper proposes a k-medoid clustering algorithm based on bisection k-means(Bikmeans).This algorithm preprocesses the UWB distance measurements to yield a more precise position estimation.Simulation results demonstrate that MCCUKF is robust to the uncertainty of UWB and realizes stable integration of INS and UWB systems.

流动的超级里——天津劝业场传统商业区动力激活与空间重塑

本文面对天津市中心城区劝业场历史街区存在的发展动力不足与空间品质不高的问题,以“流动的超级里”为解决思路,识别潜力发展元素、溯源商业活力,提出基于流空间理论的传统商业历史街区有机更新路径,通过信息赋能、载体疏通、系统构建3步措施,对劝业场地区进行驱力激活与空间重塑,构建新型城市商业街区。

A One-Health Sampling Strategy to Explore the Dissemination and Relationship Between Colistin Resistance in Human,Animal,and Environmental Sectors in Laos

This study was designed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of mobile colistin resistance(mcr)using a"One-Health"approach in Laos and to predict whether any dominant plasmid backbone and/or strain type influences the dissemination of mcr.We collected 673 samples from humans(rectal normal flora),poultry,and the environment(water,flies,birds,etc.)in Vientiane,Lao People’s Democratic Republic(Laos),from May to September 2018.A total of 238 Escherichia coli(E.coli)isolated from nonduplicative samples,consisting of 98 MCR-positive E.coli(MCRPEC)("mcr"denotes the gene encoding mobile colistin resistance,and"MCR"denotes the subsequent protein encoded by mcr)and 140 MCRnegative E.coli(MCRNEC),were characterized by phenotype and Illumina sequencing.A subset of MCRPEC was selected for Min ION sequencing,conjugation assay,plasmid stability,and growth kinetics in vitro.The prevalence of MCRPEC was found to be 14.6%(98/673),with the highest prevalence in human rectal swabs(45.9%(45/98),p<0.0001,odds ratio(OR):0.125,95% confidence interval(CI):0.077-0.202).The percentages of MCRPEC from other samples were 14.3%(2/14)in dog feces,12.0%(24/200)in flies,11.0%(11/100)in chicken meat,8.9%(8/90)in chicken cloacal,8.0%(4/50)in chicken caeca,and 7.5%(4/53)in wastewater.MCRPEC was significantly more resistant to co-amoxiclav,sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and gentamicin than MCRNEC(p<0.05).Genomic analysis revealed the distribution of MCRPEC among diverse clonal types.The putative plasmid Inc types associated with mcr-1 were Inc X4,Inc HI2,Inc P1,Inc I2,and Inc FIA,and those associated with mcr-3 were Inc FII,Inc FIA,Inc FIB,Inc P1,and Inc R.Recovery of highly similar plasmids from both flies and other sampling sectors implied the role of flies in the dissemination of mcr-1.mcr-positive plasmids were shown to be conjugative,and a significantly high transfer rate into a hypervirulent clone ST1193 was observed.Plasmids containing mcr irrespective of Inc type were highly stable and invariably did not exert a fitness effect upon introduction into a new host.These findings signify the urgent need for a standard infection control program to radically decontaminate the source of resistance.

Study on Anti-infection Effect of Polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on Mice

In order to study the anti-infection effect of phoshporylated Agaricus blazei polysaccharide on mice, mice were drenched phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide for 14 d, and an A. blazei polysaccharide control group and a blank control group were also set. The mice in all the three groups were infected with Escherichia coli on the 15 th day and the 29 th day of the experiment, the body weight of the mice in each group was recorded, as well as the spleen index on the 29 th day of infection and the 36 th day of the experiment, and the anti- E. coli titer in serum was also detected. The results showed that phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide could promote and maintain the development of spleen, and improve the immune response of organisms, thereby resisting bacterial infection. Furthermore, phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide has better immunoregulation and anti-infection effects than A. blazei polysaccharide, and could play an important role in veterinary clinical treatment and prevention and control of diseases as a immunologic adjuvant or immunopotentiator.

Study on Quality Standards of Children Antipyretic Lotion

[Objectives]To establish suitable quality standards of children antipyretic lotion.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed for Paederia scandens and Artemisia carvifolia in Children Antipyretic Lotion by thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and the content of paederosidic acid in children antipyretic lotion was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Besides,chromatographic column Feinigen XPeonyx C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),mobile phase was used,gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid aqueous solution,the detection wavelength was 236 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]The thin-layer chromatography of P.scandens and A.carvifolia reference materials showed clear spots,good separation effect,strong specificity,and no interference in the limit control;paederosidic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.65-9.75μg(R2=0.9996),the average sample recovery rate was 99.72%(RSD=2.52%).[Conclusions]The qualitative and quantitative methods established in this experiment are simple,reproducible,and the results are accurate and reliable,and can be applied as a quality control method for children antipyretic lotions.

SSR Primer Screening for Marchantia convoluta by SAM Method

[Objectives] This study was conducted to study SSR primers in wild Marchantia convoluta by SAM method. [Methods] The M. convoluta genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method,and the SSR primers for M. convoluta were selected through digestion,ligation,suppression PCR,pre-amplification,SAM method and PCR. [Results] The improved CTAB method extracted a high purity of DNA; the SAM PCR method gave clear bands; and 100 positive clones were sequenced,obtaining 86 sequences. [Conclusions] The SSR molecular markers could be used for analyzing the genetic diversity of M. convoluta.

Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Przewalski's Gazelle Procapra przewalskii in Bovidae Family of Artiodactyla

The Przewalski's gazelle,Procapra przewalskii,is one of the most endangered species in China,and is now found only in a single small area around the Lake Qinghai.In this study,the complete mitochondrial genome of P.przewalskii was determined and annotated.The circular genome is 16 547-bp long,containing13 protein-coding genes,22 transfer RNA genes,2 ribosomal RNA genes,and a predicted control region.The overall base composition was 34.0% A,24.7% C,28.3% T,and 13.0% G,with a total A + T content of 62.3%.Phylogenetic analysis of all 19 Bovidae species indicated that P.przewalskii showed a close relationship to Procapra gutturosa.Our results provide a great deal of useful information on further studies for conservation biology of Przewalski's gazelle.

Study on Anti-infection Effect of Polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on Chickens

In order to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on chickens, the experimental groups were orally administrated A. blazei polysaccharide at low dose and high dose, respectively, for 14 d continuously, and then, the chickens in various groups were infected with Escherichia coli or Pasteurella pneumotropica , so as to observe the clinical symptoms of chickens and record the change in body weight. Anatomy was performed 14 d later, and the organ indices were determined, so as to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of A. blazei polysaccharide on chickens. The results showed that after bacterial infection, the high-dose A. blazei polysaccharide group was significantly differed from other groups in changes of body weight and organ indices. It indicates that oral administration of high concentration of A. blazei polysaccharide could promote the development of poultry organs, thereby improving the immunity of organisms.

Therapeutic Effect of Qianjin Lotion on Eczema in Mice and Its Mechanism

[Objectives]To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qianjin Lotion on eczema in mice.[Methods]A mouse eczema model was established by the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene method.The indicators of mouse ear swelling degree,the number of dermal inflammatory cells,the number of body licking reactions,the IL-2 and TNF-αcontent in serum were detected to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qianjin Lotion on eczema in mice.[Results]Qianjin Lotion can effectively eliminate skin inflammation,reduce the degree of auricle swelling,reduce the number of dermal inflammation cells,reduce the number of body licking reactions,and reduce the IL-2 and TNF-αcontent in serum.[Conclusions]Qianjin Lotion can alleviate the symptoms of eczema in mice,reduce inflammatory factors.Combined with oral administration of Qianjin granules,it can treat eczema and achieve good effects.

铜掺杂氮化碳电催化硝酸盐产氨性能研究

NH_(3)是硝酸盐还原产物之一,不仅在工业中需要大量应用,在清洁生产过程中也是一种非常有前途的能源载体,现有的哈伯-博施(Haber-Bosch)工艺生产NH_(3)会对大气环境造成危害,而电催化法由于便捷、安全且能够在常温和常压下催化合成NH_(3)成为最近研究的热点.本实验以3-氨基-1,2,4三唑为前驱体,利用热解法先合成C_(3)N_(5),再通过调控铜元素的比例在煅烧条件下合成Cu-C_(3)N_(5),合成一系列材料形貌、晶体构相、化学价态存在差异的C_3N_5基催化剂,并评价这些催化剂的电化学性能以及电催化硝酸盐还原产氨性能,通过在0.1 mol/L KOH+0.1 mol/L KNO_(3)混合电解液中进行1h电解实验后发现,氨气产量和法拉第效率可以达到0.541 mmol·h^(-1)·mg_(cat)^(-1)87.79%,远远高于C_3N_5,且该催化剂在循环试验和长时间实验中具有良好的活性和稳定性,表明在电催化硝酸盐领域中具有一定的研究价值.

Temporal Unfolding of Racial Ingroup Bias in Neural Responses to Perceived Dynamic Pain in Others

In this study,we investigated how empathic neural responses unfold over time in different empathy networks when viewing same-race and other-race individuals in dynamic painful conditions.We recorded magnetoencephalography signals from Chinese adults when viewing video clips showing a dynamic painful(or non-painful)stimulation to Asian and White models’faces to trigger painful(or neutral)expressions.We found that perceived dynamic pain in Asian models modulated neural activities in the visual cortex at 100 ms–200 ms,in the orbitofrontal and subgenual anterior cingulate cortices at 150 ms–200 ms,in the anterior cingulate cortex around 250 ms–350 ms,and in the temporoparietal junction and middle temporal gyrus around 600 ms after video onset.Perceived dynamic pain in White models modulated activities in the visual,anterior cingulate,and primary sensory cortices after 500 ms.Our findings unraveled earlier dynamic activities in multiple neural circuits in response to same-race(vs other-race)individuals in dynamic painful situations.

产前超声诊断持续性卵黄动脉一例

患者女性,29岁,孕4产1,2019年7月因异位妊娠行左侧输卵管切除手术。本次受孕末次月经时间为2021年1月15日,停经40d自测尿人绒毛膜促性腺激素阳性。2021年4月20日行早孕筛查检查,估测孕周12周0天,颈项透明层厚度1.7mm,股骨长6.3mm(图1);2021年5月19日孕16周行常规超声检查时发现胎儿膀胱横断面双侧脐动脉未显示,股骨长15mm(图2)

Boosting wheat functional genomics via an indexed EMS mutant library of KN9204

A better understanding of wheat functional genomics can improve targeted breeding for better agronomic traits and environmental adaptation.However,the lack of gene-indexed mutants and the low transformation efficiency of wheat limit in-depth gene functional studies and genetic manipulation for breeding.In this study,we created a library for KN9204,a popular wheat variety in northern China,with a reference genome,transcriptome,and epigenome of different tissues,using ethyl methyl sulfonate(EMS)mutagenesis.This library contains a vast developmental diversity of critical tissues and transition stages.Exome capture sequencing of 2090 mutant lines using KN9204 genome-designed probes revealed that 98.79%of coding genes had mutations,and each line had an average of 1383 EMS-type SNPs.We identified new allelic variations for crucial agronomic trait-related genes such as Rht-D1,Q,TaTB1,and WFZP.We tested 100 lines with severemutations in 80 NAC transcription factors(TFs)under drought and salinity stress and identified 13 lines with altered sensitivity.Further analysis of three lines using transcriptome and chromatin accessibility data revealed hundreds of direct NAC targets with altered transcription patterns under salt or drought stress,including SNAC1,DREB2B,CML16,and ZFP182,factors known to respond to abiotic stress.Thus,we have generated and indexed a KN9204 EMS mutant library that can facilitate functional genomics research and offer resources for genetic manipulation of wheat.

Convergence Analysis of Village Collective Economy Based on a Long-Term (1978-2018) Observation of 40 Villages in the Suburbs of Beijing

This paper uses the follow-up survey data of six time points between 1978 and 2018 from 40 fixed observation points in Beijing suburbs by stratified sampling,and makes a long-term observation and analysis of the convergence of village collective economy(VCE).The main findings are as follows.(1)Since the start of reform and opening-up,the gap between villages in terms of total village economic income(TVEI)and total assets of village collectives has obviously widened,and the gap between villages in terms of the number of members of VCE organizations has also widened to a certain extent.(2)There is a big gap in VCE between villages in urban-rural fringe,plain and mountainous areas,and the convergence of"space club"appears.(3)In the early stage of reform and opening up,the VCE development had the opportunity to reshuffle,but from 1998 to 2018,village development showed a trend of"goodmedium-poor"'hierarchical solidification.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a new path of cross-village joint development,especially to develop and strengthen the township-level collective economy,so as to promote farmers'common prosperity in ruralareas.

Analysis on Regional Income Gap and Spatial Convergence in China’s Rural Collective Economy

This paper empirically demonstrates a significant correlation between rural collective economic development,farmers’income and urban-rural relative income gap.With 2009-2018 descriptive statistics on growth characteristics and regional development of rural collective economy in China,the regional disparity,source structure and development profile of collective economic income are measured,and an analysis on the spatial convergence of rural collective economy is conducted from multiple dimensions.It finds that:Firstly,while China witnesses rural collective economic income rapidly grows,regional disparities have been failing to be moderated.Secondly,rural collective economic income gap in China has not significantly narrowed over a decade.It is mainly due to the inter-group differences in geographical locations.The income gap is further widening in the eastern region and shrinking in the central and western regions.Thirdly,capital accumulation prominently contributes to the convergence of collective economy in the eastern region,while technical indicators such as information computerization play signifi cant role to the convergence of other regions.From rate and period of convergence,it takes about 22-30 years for backward provinces to catch up with leading provinces.After variables,such as capital accumulation and information computerization,are controlled,the period of convergence shortens to 20-24 years.Fourthly,rural collective economic income in China has already showed a spatial club convergence of low-level equilibrium trap.

Adaptive sensitive frequency band selection for VMD to identify defective components of an axial piston pump

The underlying study investigates single valued neutrosophic entropy based adaptive sensitive frequency band selection for variational mode decomposition(VMD)for the purpose of identifying defective components in an axial pump.The proposed methodology is applied in the following steps.First,VMD is applied for decomposing vibration signals into various frequency bands,called as modes.After computing energy of each VMD,the lower(minimum)and upper(maximum)bounds from these energy readings are extracted for defect conditions,such as outer race,inner race,worn piston,faulty cylinder and valve plate,and blocked hole of the piston.Thereafter,energy interval ranges are obtained and further converted into the form of single valued neutrosophic sets(SVNSs).Then,the proposed neutrosophic entropy measure is deployed for quantifying the non-linear connection between each bearing defect conditions and various frequency bands.The mode having maximum neutrosophic entropy value is designated to the“most sensitive”frequency band.Thereafter,envelope demodulation is applied to the most sensitive selected frequency band for finding defective components.The proposed neutrosophic entropy and VMD based methodology is effective in providing a better insight for selecting suitable frequency band for carrying out envelope demodulation in comparison to existing methods.

A Severe Seasonal Influenza Epidemic During 2017–2018 in China After the 2009 Pandemic Influenza: A Modeling Study

Influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics worldwide every year.However,due to the lack of an effective assessment for the severity of influenza epidemics,it was extremely difficult to take preventative measures.Data were extracted from infectious diseases reports from 2011–2018.Joinpoint regression model and susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model were built to understand the characteristics and processes of the epidemic.The reported incidence of influenza was 1,913,698 from January 2011 to February 2018,with an average-yearly-reported-incidence-rate of 19.21 per 100,000.However,there had been a substantial nationwide epidemic of influenza after September 2017,when the average yearly reported incidence rate was 87.29 per 100,000 and an annual percentage change of 48.1%.The hemagglutinin genes of most influenza A(H1N1 and H3N2)viruses from the period of the epidemic had lower homology to those before August 2017.All the hemagglutinin of the recommended A(H3N2,H1N1)and B(Victoria)viruses for vaccines 2017/2018 had low matches with the epidemic viruses.The basic reproduction number was 1.53.The vaccination benefit was linearly related to vaccination coverage,while the quarantine measure had only significantly benefited when over 60%of the quarantined population.The most severe epidemic of influenza in China since 2011 occurred during the period from September 2017 to February 2018.Compared to quarantine,influenza vaccination is more effective way to prevent influenza,and strategies to increase vaccination coverage should be taken for the prevention of severe epidemics of influenza.