Machine Learning Analysis of Impact of Western US Fires on Central US Hailstorms

Fires,including wildfires,harm air quality and essential public services like transportation,communication,and utilities.These fires can also influence atmospheric conditions,including temperature and aerosols,potentially affecting severe convective storms.Here,we investigate the remote impacts of fires in the western United States(WUS)on the occurrence of large hail(size:≥2.54 cm)in the central US(CUS)over the 20-year period of 2001–20 using the machine learning(ML),Random Forest(RF),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB)methods.The developed RF and XGB models demonstrate high accuracy(>90%)and F1 scores of up to 0.78 in predicting large hail occurrences when WUS fires and CUS hailstorms coincide,particularly in four states(Wyoming,South Dakota,Nebraska,and Kansas).The key contributing variables identified from both ML models include the meteorological variables in the fire region(temperature and moisture),the westerly wind over the plume transport path,and the fire features(i.e.,the maximum fire power and burned area).The results confirm a linkage between WUS fires and severe weather in the CUS,corroborating the findings of our previous modeling study conducted on case simulations with a detailed physics model.

Design Strategies for Leaning-Type Arch Bridges

This paper presents a study on the design strategy of leaning-type arch bridges.The main characteristics of leaning-type arch bridges are first introduced;Kunshan Yufeng Bridge is taken as an example to discuss different aspects of a design strategy,which includes self-system optimization,selection of beam length and bridge deck position,and other aspects.This paper can be used as a reference to further improve and develop bridge design.

Earth Pressure of Retaining Structure Induced by Subgrade under Rainfall

This article selects the retaining wall as the research object, introducing the rainfall infiltration model, considering the infiltration of rainwater into the groundwater recharge, analysizing the variation of earth pressure in the subgrade retaining wall. On this occasion, the back of retaining wall produces stable seepage water and compares with the non drainage water body. The results show that, with the infiltration of rainwater into the groundwater recharge, the greater the active earth pressure under the condition of rainfall appears, more quickly the active earth pressure of the retaining wall with the drainage body increases. The matrix suction of unsaturated soils, which is infiltrated into soil of subgrade, has a positive effect on the shear strength of the earth pressure.

组蛋白H3变体H3.3及其在细胞重编程中的作用

组蛋白是真核生物中一类进化上相对保守的蛋白质。由组蛋白八聚体及缠绕其上的DNA构成的核小体是真核生物染色质的基本组成单位。核小体使DNA保持固缩状态,既能维持基因组的稳定性,又能保证DNA序列可以正确地进行复制、转录、重组和修复。核小体调控细胞的生物过程除了通过组蛋白翻译后修饰,还可以通过组蛋白变体替换的方式进行。研究发现,组蛋白H3变体H3.3与常规组蛋白H3尽管仅有几个氨基酸的区别,但H3.3却能由特异的分子伴侣介导,整合进入染色质的特定区域,从而发挥不同的作用。同时,H3.3作为一种母源因子在正常受精和体细胞核移植等细胞重编程过程中也发挥着重要作用。本文总结了H3.3的结构特点和富集情况,探讨了特异的分子伴侣及其在细胞重编程中的作用,以期为提高体细胞重编程效率提供新思路,为体细胞重编程的应用奠定基础。

SDS对SB3-12胶束表面电荷密度的调控作用及对药物增溶的影响

两性离子甜菜碱表面活性剂(SB3-12)胶束具有较好的生物相容性,由于相反电荷的极性头之间具有静电中和作用,胶束表面具有小的负电荷密度。当加入阴离子的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)以后,负离子SD-与SB3-12胶束极性区内层季铵正电荷的静电中和作用,能连续地调节胶束表面磺酸基的负电荷密度,这有利于对药物分子的选择性增溶和调节在生理条件下的药物的输送。等温滴定量热(ITC)研究发现SB3-12和SDS有强的协同效应,混合临界胶束浓度(CMC)和胶束化焓明显降低,并得到两者协同效应的弱静电作用机理。当模型药物分子芦丁(Rutin)与SB3-12/SDS混合胶束作用时,芦丁7位羟基的氢解离后的阴离子与SDS共同作用于SB3-12形成混合胶束。UV-Vis吸收光谱和~1H NMR谱研究发现,在SB3-12胶束中,芦丁分子的A环位于季铵阳离子附近,B环位于两个相反电荷之间的弱极性区域。在SDS胶束中,B环位于栅栏层,而A环和二糖暴露于水相侧。在混合胶束中,随着SDS摩尔分数增加,对A环的静电吸引变弱。离子表面活性剂对两性离子表面活性剂胶束表面电荷密度的调节作用,本质上是对胶束极性区域的物理及化学性质的微调,进而实现对药物的可控增溶。

Epidemiology of esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer(EsC)is one of the least studied and deadliest cancers worldwide because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate.It ranks sixth among all cancers in mortality.In retrospective studies of EsC,smoking,hot tea drinking,red meat consumption,poor oral health,low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables,and low socioeconomic status have been associated with a higher risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Barrett’s esophagus is clearly recognized as a risk factor for EsC,and dysplasia remains the only factor useful for identifying patients at increased risk,for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma in clinical practice.Here,we investigated the epidemiologic patterns and causes of EsC.Using population based cancer data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results Program of the United States;we generated the most up-to-date stage distribution and 5-year relative survival by stage at diagnosis for 1998-2009.Special note should be given to the fact that esophageal cancer,mainly adenocarcinoma,is one of the very few cancers that is contributing to increasing death rates(20%)among males in the United States.To further explore the mechanism of development of EsC will hopefully decrease the incidence of EsC and improve outcomes.

人工智能在肺部肿瘤影像诊断中的研究进展

肺癌的早期发现、精确诊断对于患者的预后至关重要。影像学能够无创、全面地反映肿瘤的异质性,在肺癌诊断中发挥重要作用。海量影像数据的深入挖掘是影像医师面临的巨大挑战。人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)擅长处理大批量、高维度的信息,用算法解析数据,既可以自动提取定量特征,也可以自动学习现有数据,从而对新数据进行预测。AI在影像处理领域得到快速发展,在肺结节检出、肺癌诊断等方面显示出较大的优势和应用前景。将AI与临床工作相结合有助于精准医疗的实施。本文对近年来AI在肺部肿瘤影像诊断领域的研究现状和进展予以概述。

Radiomic analysis of pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules for distinction of preinvasive lesions, invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma based on quantitative texture analysis of CT

Objective： To identify the differences among preinvasive lesions, minimally invasive adenocarcinomas （MIAs）and invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas （IPAs） based on radiomic feature analysis with computed tomography（CT）.Methods： A total of 109 patients with ground-glass opacity lesions （GGOs） in the lungs determined by CTexaminations were enrolled, all of whom had received a pathologic diagnosis. After the manual delineation andsegmentation of the GGOs as regions of interest （ROIs）, the patients were subdivided into three groups based onpathologic analyses： the preinvasive lesions （including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma insitu） subgroup, the MIA subgroup and the IPA subgroup. Next, we obtained the texture features of the GGOs. Thedata analysis was aimed at finding both the differences between each pair of the groups and predictors to distinguishany two pathologic subtypes using logistic regression. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve wasapplied to accurately evaluate the performances of the regression models.Results： We found that the voxel count feature （P〈0.001） could be used as a predictor for distinguishing IPAsfrom preinvasive lesions. However, the surface area feature （P=0.040） and the extruded surface area feature（P=0.013） could be predictors of IPAs compared with MIAs. In addition, the correlation feature （P=0.046） coulddistinguish preinvasive lesions from MIAs better.Conclusions： Preinvasive lesions, MIAs and IPAs can be discriminated based on texture features within CTimages, although the three diseases could all appear as GGOs on CT images. The diagnoses of these three diseasesare very important for clinical surgery.

Numerical computation of central crack growth in an active particle of electrodes influenced by multiple factors

Mechanical degradation, especially fractures in active particles in an electrode, is a major reason why the capacity of lithiumion batteries fades. This paper proposes a model that couples Li-ion diffusion, stress evolution, and damage mechanics to simulate the growth of central cracks in cathode particles（Li Mn_2 O_4） by an extended finite element method by considering the influence of multiple factors. The simulation shows that particles are likely to crack at a high discharge rate, when the particle radius is large, or when the initial central crack is longer. It also shows that the maximum principal tensile stress decreases and cracking becomes more difficult when the influence of crack surface diffusion is considered. The fracturing process occurs according to the following stages： no crack growth, stable crack growth, and unstable crack growth. Changing the charge/discharge strategy before unstable crack growth sets in is beneficial to prevent further capacity fading during electrochemical cycling.

财务共享模式下企业营运资金管理研究——以海尔集团为例

随着经济和科技水平的快速发展,财务共享模式作为一种新型的财务管理模式正在兴起。营运资金管理水平,对于集团企业的日常经营活动和财务管理有着很重要的影响,也是集团企业适应复杂激烈市场环境。因此财务共享模式下营运资金的管理变得尤为重要。在此通过选择以海尔集团为案例研究对象,把财务共享模式和营运资金管理进行有机结合,从构成财务共享模式中的四个管理手段:战略规划、信息系统、流程管理、组织管理入手,探究出财务共享模式是如何影响企业营运资金,并提供有效的建议和经验,以供其他企业参考借鉴。

Overcoming genotypic dependency and bypassing immature embryos in wheat transformation by using morphogenic regulators

Dear Editor,Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technology is of vital importance for functional genomics studies and precision breeding in crops due to low cost and clear genetic manifestation.A morphogenic gene pair,BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL(BBM-WUS).

单轴双层轴辐协议的形成机制与竞争政策

通过研究轴辐协议有关案例,发现轴心经营者不仅可以组织、帮助单层辐条经营者达成垄断协议,还可以同时组织、帮助双层辐条经营者达成垄断协议。进而通过构建供应商、经销商与零售商之间博弈模型,分析发现企业更有动机发起相较于单层轴辐协议更稳定性的单轴双层轴辐协议。通过典型案例研究,发现在集中采购制度下,同一经销商与原料药生产企业和成品药企业更有动机达成单轴双层轴辐协议。在此基础上,从轴辐协议角度提出了完善相关反垄断立法和加强反垄断执法的建议。

Information space of sensor networks:Lagrangian,energy-momentum tensor,and applications

It is a challenge to investigate the interrelationship between the geometric structure and performance of sensor networks due to the increasingly complex and diverse architecture of them.This paper presents two new formulations for the information space of sensor networks,including Lagrangian and energy–momentum tensor,which are expected to integrate sensor networks target tracking and performance evaluation from a unified perspective.The proposed method presents two geometric objects to represent the dynamic state and manifold structure of the information space of sensor networks.Based on that,the authors conduct the property analysis and target tracking of sensor networks.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first time to investigate and analyze the information energy-momentum tensor of sensor networks and evaluate the performance of sensor networks in the context of target tracking.Simulations and examples confirm the competitive performance of the proposed method.

A new multi-source remote sensing image sample dataset with high resolution for flood area extraction:GF-FloodNet

Deep learning algorithms show good prospects for remote sensingflood monitoring.They mostly rely on huge amounts of labeled data.However,there is a lack of available labeled data in actual needs.In this paper,we propose a high-resolution multi-source remote sensing dataset forflood area extraction:GF-FloodNet.GF-FloodNet contains 13388 samples from Gaofen-3(GF-3)and Gaofen-2(GF-2)images.We use a multi-level sample selection and interactive annotation strategy based on active learning to construct it.Compare with otherflood-related datasets,GF-FloodNet not only has a spatial resolution of up to 1.5 m and provides pixel-level labels,but also consists of multi-source remote sensing data.We thoroughly validate and evaluate the dataset using several deep learning models,including quantitative analysis,qualitative analysis,and validation on large-scale remote sensing data in real scenes.Experimental results reveal that GF-FloodNet has significant advantages by multi-source data.It can support different deep learning models for training to extractflood areas.There should be a potential optimal boundary for model training in any deep learning dataset.The boundary seems close to 4824 samples in GF-FloodNet.We provide GF-FloodNet at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/pengliuair/gf-floodnet and https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vdUCGNAfFwG5UjZ9RLLFMQ?pwd=8v6o.

Dose-dependent tandem responses of osteoblasts during osteogenesis

Irisin,a myokine mainly secreted from contracted skeleton muscle,plays a profound role in bone formation and remodeling.Although irisin has been revealed to elevate bone mass in vivo,details whether there is a dosedependent relationship between irisin and bone formation remain unclear.In this study,we explored the dosedependent effects of irisin on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.Our results first demonstrated a remarkable increase in cell proliferation rate and viability in response to elevated concentrations of r-irisin,which was further enhanced over time.Notably,this increase was subject to complex dose-response relationships as the proliferation-enhancing effects of r-irisin may have a saturation point between 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml.Furthermore,we determined that 1,10,and 100 ng/ml r-irisin were able to upregulate the expression of osteogenic transcription factors(Runx2,Osx,and Atf4),as well as osteogenic markers(Alp,Col1a1 and Spp1),albeit without significant difference among these 3 concentrations.Interestingly,nutrient-depleted osteoblasts and those with standard culture showed distinct responses to higher doses of irisin regarding osteogenic differentiation.Further investigation is required to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed tandem effects of irisin on osteogenesis.

Loss of the accessory chromosome converts a pathogenic tree-root fungus into a mutualistic endophyte

Some fungal accessory chromosomes(ACs)may contribute to virulence in plants.However,the mecha-nisms by which ACs determine specific traits associated with lifestyle transitions along a symbiotic contin-uum are not clear.Here we delineated the genetic divergence in two sympatric but considerably variable isolates(16B and 16W)of the poplar-associated fungus Stagonosporopsis rhizophilae.We identified a-0.6-Mb horizontally acquired AC in 16W that resulted in a mildly parasitic lifestyle in plants.Complete deletion of the AC(D16W)significantly altered the fungal phenotype.Specifically,D16W was morphologically more similar to 16B,showed enhanced melanization,and established beneficial interactions with poplar plants,thereby acting as a dark septate endophyte.RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis showed that AC loss induced the upregulation of genes related to root colonization and biosynthesis of indole acetic acid and melanin.We observed that the AC maintained a more open status of chromatin across the genome,indicating an impressive remodeling of cis-regulatory elements upon AC loss,which potentially enhanced symbiotic effectiveness.We demonstrated that the symbiotic capacities were non-host-specific through comparable experiments on Triticum–and Arabidopsis–fungus associations.Furthermore,the three isolates generated symbiotic interactions with a nonvascular liverwort.In summary,our study suggests that the AC is a suppressor of symbiosis and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of mutualism with vascular plants in the absence of traits encoded by the AC.We speculate that AC-situ-ated effectors and other potential secreted molecules may have evolved to specifically target vascular plants and promote mild virulence.

Association of miRNA-122-binding site polymorphism at the interleukin-1 a gene and its interaction with hepatitis B virus mutations with hepatocellular carcinoma risk

This study was designed to investigate the contribution of miRNA-122-binding site polymorphism at the IL-1A gene and its multiplicative interactions with hepatitis B virus （HBV） mutations in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. A total of 1021 healthy controls, 302 HBV surface antigen （HBsAg） seroclearance subjects, and 2011 HBsAg-positive subjects （including 1021 HCC patients） were enrolled in this study. Quantitative PCR was used to genotype rs3783553. HBV mutations were determined by direct sequencing. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to test the associations of rs3783553, mutations, and their interactions with the risk of HCC. No significant association was found between rs3783553 and the risk of HCC among healthy controls, HBsAg seroclearance subjects, HBsAg-positive subjects without HCC, and all controls. Additionally, rs3783553 was not significantly associated with chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, HBV e antigen seroconversion, abnormal alanine aminotransferase, and high viral load （ 〉 10^4 copies/ml）. However, the TTCA insertion allele of rs3783553 was significantly associated with an increased frequency of HBV C7A mutation compared with homozygous TTCA deletion carriers [（del/ins ＋ ins/ins） vs. del/del, adjusted odds ratio （OR）= 1.48, 95% confidence interval （CI）= 1.09-2.02, P = 0.013]. Multiplicative interaction of rs3783553 with HBV preS deletion significantly reduced the risk of HCC in males, with an adjusted OR of 0.64 （95% CI = 0.42-0.98; P = 0.041） after age and HBV genotype were adjusted. Although rs3783553 did not significantly affect genetic susceptibility to HBV-related HCC, its variant allele may predispose the host to selecting HBV C7A mutation during evolution and significantly reduce the risk of HCC caused by HBV preS deletion. This study provides an insight into the complex host-virus interaction in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and is helpful in determining HBsAg-positive subjects who are likely to develop HCC.

Weakly hydrophobic nanoconfinement by graphene aerogels greatly enhances the reactivity and ambient stability of reactivity of MIL-101-Fe in Fenton-like reaction

In the pursuit of heterogeneous catalysts with high reactivity,metal organic framework(MOF)nanomaterials have received tremendous attentions.However,many MOF catalysts especially Fe-based MOFs need to be utilized immediately after synthesis or being activated using high temperature,because of the easy loss of reactivity in humid environments resulting from the occupation of active Fe sites by water molecules.Here,we describe an inspiring strategy of growing MIL-101-Fe nanoparticles inside the three-dimensional confined space of graphene aerogel(GA),generating shapeable GA/MIL-101-Fe nanocomposite convenient for practical use.Compared to MIL-101-Fe,GA/MIL-101-Fe as catalyst demonstrates much higher reactivity in Fenton-like reaction,attributing to smaller MIL-101-Fe particle size,presence of active Fe(II)sites,and abundant defects in GA.Strikingly,the weakly hydrophobic nature of the composite greatly inhibits the loss of catalytic reactivity after being stored in humid air and accelerates the recovery of reactivity in mild temperature,by resisting the entrance of water molecules and helping to exclude water molecules.This work demonstrates that a delicate design of nanocomposite structure could not only improve the reactivity of the catalytic component,but also overcome its intrinsic drawback by taking advantage of the properties of host.We hope this functional nanoconfinement strategy could be extended to more scenarios in other fields.

Distributed bearing-based formation control of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm via global orientation estimation

Most existing formation control approaches for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)swarm assume that global position and global coordinate frame are directly available for each agent.To extend the application domain,this paper proposes a distributed bearing-based formation control scheme,without any reliance on global position or global coordinate frame.The interactions among UAVs are described by a directed topology with two-leader structure.To address the issue of unavailable global coordinate frame,we first present a distributed orientation estimation law for each UAV to determine its orientation under the coordinate frame of the first leader.Based on the orientation estimation,we then design a bearing-based formation control law to globally asymptotically track target moving formations.Finally,simulation results are provided to validate the proposed method,which show that the translation,scale and orientation of the formation can be flexibly controlled via two leaders.

Immunopotentiator Thymosin Alpha-1 Promotes Neurogenesis and Cognition in the Developing Mouse via a Systemic Th1 Bias

In early life, the immune system plays an essential role in brain development. In our study, the immunopotentiator thymosin alpha-1（Ta1） was peripherally administered to neonatal mice to explore whether the peripheral immunopotentiator affects neurodevelopment and cognition, and to further investigate the relevant mechanism. Compared with the control group, the Ta1 mice displayed better cognitive abilities in early life. The numbers of 5-bromodeoxyuridine（Brd U）＋, nestin＋,T-box transcription factor 2（Tbr2）＋, Brd U＋/doublecortin（DCX）＋, Brd U＋/ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1（Iba1）＋, and Brd U＋/neuronal nuclei（Neu N）＋ cells in the hippocampus were increased in the Ta1 group,accompanied by increased interleukin-4（IL-4）, interferon-gamma, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 as well as decreased IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a. Furthermore, the Ta1-group showed a Th1-polarized immune response, and the neurotrophic factors were positively associated with the Th1/Th2 ratio. More importantly, administration of Ta1 blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis in early life. These findings suggest that peripheral Ta1 contributes to neurogenesis and cognition probably through a systemic Th1 bias, as well as neuroprotection against LPS infection by Ta1.