Four Late-type Galaxies with Double Radio Lobes and Properties of Such Galaxies

The triggering mechanism for radio lobes from late-type galaxies is not fully understood.More samples are desired for a thorough investigation and statistics.By utilizing the optical data from the newly released Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument imaging surveys and the radio sources from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeter,we identify four Late-type Galaxies with double Radio Lobes(La GRLs):J0217-3645,J0947+6220,J1412+3723 and J1736+5108.Including previously known La GRLs,we confirm the correlation between radio power P_(1.4GHz)and stellar mass M_(*)of host galaxies.Most(25/35)La GRLs belong to the blue cloud galaxies,while the newly identified cases in this work are located within the region of the red sequence.We find a clear correlation between the differential radio power,i.e.,the offset from the P_(1.4GHz)-M_(*)relation,and the galaxy color,indicating that bluer galaxies at a fixed M_(*)tend to host more powerful radio lobes.Furthermore,the majority(31/36)of La GRLs are either located in a galaxy group or displaying a disturbed morphology.We suggest that all of the galaxy mass,color and surrounding environment could play important roles in triggering radio lobes in late-type galaxies.

Three New Spiral Galaxies with Active Nuclei Producing Double Radio Lobes

Double radio lobes are generally believed to be produced by active nuclei of elliptical galaxies.However,several double-lobed radio sources have been solidly found to be associated with spiral galaxies.By cross-matching~9×105 spiral galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR8 data with the full 1.4 GHz radio source catalogs of NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters,we identify three new spiral galaxies:J0326-0623,J1110+0321 and J1134+3046 that produce double radio lobes,and five doublelobed spirals previously known.By combining the newly discovered and all the other known cases in literature,we confirm the relation that more massive spiral galaxies could produce more powerful radio lobes.We find that most of these spiral galaxies are located in a galaxy group or a poor cluster,in which the environment is denser than in the field,and about half of them are the central brightest galaxies in their parent system.We therefore suggest that the environment is one of the key factors for a spiral to produce double radio lobes.

Cadmium sulfide cage photocatalysis coupled electroactive biofilm for synergistic promotion of tetracycline degradation and electricity production

Tetracycline(TC)as a common broad-spectrum antibiotic,has been frequently detected in soil and sur-face water.It becomes a great threat to the ecological environment.Here,a device of photocatalysis as-sisted microbial fuel cell(photo-MFC)was constructed for TC degradation and energy recovery.In this photo-MFC,cadmium sulfide(CdS)cage photocatalysis can degrade most of TC in a short time.While the Co_(3)O_(4)@C-CC(carbonization and calcination of the ZIF-67 precursor in-situ grown on the carbon cloth(CC))bioanode degrades the rest of TC as well as the photocatalytic products,thus improving the miner-alization.The co-existence of photocatalysis with bioanode changes the microbial community structure of the biofilms.The dominant phylum is Geobacter(60.2%)in normal MFC while that in photo-MFC are Pro-teobacteria(43.5%)and Geobacter(33.2%).Therefore,the synergistic effect of photocatalytic degradation and biodegradation achieves a chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal of 98.6%,which is higher than that of normal MFC(77.6%)or single CdS cage photocatalysis(23.8%).In addition,the photogenerated electrons can be transferred to the cathode,which reduces their combination with holes and increases the electricity generation of MFC,achieving a maximum power density of 3.37 W/m^(2).After degradation,the effluent with 200 mg L^(−1) TC exhibits no visible biotoxity.Furthermore,electrochemical test,finite-difference time-domain(FDTD),density functional theory(DFT)calculation and the free radical trapping experiments verify the possible mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation in this photo-MFC.This strat-egy paves a new way for low energy consumption removal and energy recovery of organic pollutants.