Ginsenosides Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re are major constituents of Panax notoginseng,a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb,which has both stimulative and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS).The mo...Ginsenosides Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re are major constituents of Panax notoginseng,a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb,which has both stimulative and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS).The monoamine hypothesis proposes that depression is a result of the depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in addition to the activation of monoamine oxidase in the CNS.The purpose of this study was to determine whether P.notoginseng Saponin (PNS) has an antidepressant activity.We investigated the antidepressant-like activities of Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re in mice,using two animal models of depression.In addition,we analyzed the neurochemicals by the chronic unpredictable mild stress test.Our results showed that Rb 1,Rd,and Re treatment at 10 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both the tail suspension and forced swimming tests.Rb 1,Rd,and Re increases in 5HT and NE levels at 10 mg kg-1 in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus.Dopamine levels increased in the hippocampus and the striatum.Moreover,5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were found increased in the hippocampus.These findings suggest that the antidepressant effects of Rb 1,Rd,and Re may be related to the increase in 5-HT and NE in the CNS,and through the alterations in the synthesis or metabolism of dopamine.展开更多
In the process of geothermal exploitation and utilization, the reinjection amount of used geothermal water in super-deep and porous reservoir is small and significantly decreases over time. This has been a worldwide p...In the process of geothermal exploitation and utilization, the reinjection amount of used geothermal water in super-deep and porous reservoir is small and significantly decreases over time. This has been a worldwide problem, which greatly restricts the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources. Based on a large amount of experiments and researches, the reinjection research on the tail water of Xianyang No.2 well, which is carried out by combining the application of hydrogeochemical simulation, clogging mechanism research and the reinjection experiment, has achieved breakthrough results. The clogging mechanism and indoor simulation experiment results show: Factors affecting the tail water reinjection of Xianyang No.2 well mainly include chemical clogging, suspended solids clogging, gas clogging, microbial clogging and composite clogging, yet the effect of particle migration on clogging has not been found; in the process of reinjection, chemical clogging was mainly caused by carbonates(mainly calcite), silicates(mainly chalcedony), and a small amount of iron minerals, and the clogging aggravated when the temperature rose; suspended solids clogging also aggravated when the temperature rose, which showed that particles formed by chemical reaction had a certain proportion in suspended solids.展开更多
基金supported by the Talent Fund to Dr.Ren Guixing,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China
文摘Ginsenosides Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re are major constituents of Panax notoginseng,a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb,which has both stimulative and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS).The monoamine hypothesis proposes that depression is a result of the depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in addition to the activation of monoamine oxidase in the CNS.The purpose of this study was to determine whether P.notoginseng Saponin (PNS) has an antidepressant activity.We investigated the antidepressant-like activities of Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re in mice,using two animal models of depression.In addition,we analyzed the neurochemicals by the chronic unpredictable mild stress test.Our results showed that Rb 1,Rd,and Re treatment at 10 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both the tail suspension and forced swimming tests.Rb 1,Rd,and Re increases in 5HT and NE levels at 10 mg kg-1 in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus.Dopamine levels increased in the hippocampus and the striatum.Moreover,5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were found increased in the hippocampus.These findings suggest that the antidepressant effects of Rb 1,Rd,and Re may be related to the increase in 5-HT and NE in the CNS,and through the alterations in the synthesis or metabolism of dopamine.
基金funded by National Science Foundation Project in 2015 (No.41472221)
文摘In the process of geothermal exploitation and utilization, the reinjection amount of used geothermal water in super-deep and porous reservoir is small and significantly decreases over time. This has been a worldwide problem, which greatly restricts the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources. Based on a large amount of experiments and researches, the reinjection research on the tail water of Xianyang No.2 well, which is carried out by combining the application of hydrogeochemical simulation, clogging mechanism research and the reinjection experiment, has achieved breakthrough results. The clogging mechanism and indoor simulation experiment results show: Factors affecting the tail water reinjection of Xianyang No.2 well mainly include chemical clogging, suspended solids clogging, gas clogging, microbial clogging and composite clogging, yet the effect of particle migration on clogging has not been found; in the process of reinjection, chemical clogging was mainly caused by carbonates(mainly calcite), silicates(mainly chalcedony), and a small amount of iron minerals, and the clogging aggravated when the temperature rose; suspended solids clogging also aggravated when the temperature rose, which showed that particles formed by chemical reaction had a certain proportion in suspended solids.
