Neoantigen-targeted immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field that holds great promise for treating cancer.The recognition of antigens by immune cells is a crucial step in tumor-specific killing,and neoantigens gener...Neoantigen-targeted immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field that holds great promise for treating cancer.The recognition of antigens by immune cells is a crucial step in tumor-specific killing,and neoantigens generated by mutations in cancer cells possess high immunogenicity and are selectively expressed in tumor cells,making them an attractive therapeutic target.Currently,neoantigens find utility in various domains,primarily in the realm of neoantigen vaccines such as DC vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines,and synthetic long peptide vaccines.Additionally,they hold promise in adoptive cell therapy,encompassing tumor-infiltrating cells,T cell receptors,and chimeric antigen receptors which are expressed by genetically modified T cells.In this review,we summarized recent progress in the clinical use of tumor vaccines and adoptive cell therapy targeting neoantigens,discussed the potential of neoantigen burden as an immune checkpoint in clinical settings.With the aid of state-of-the-art sequencing and bioinformatics technologies,together with significant advancements in artificial intelligence,we anticipated that neoantigens will be fully exploited for personalized tumor immunotherapy,from screening to clinical application.展开更多
Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential ...Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.展开更多
The kinetic model is the theoretical basis for optimizing the structure and operation performance of vibration screening devices.In this paper,a biological neurodynamic equation and neural connections were established...The kinetic model is the theoretical basis for optimizing the structure and operation performance of vibration screening devices.In this paper,a biological neurodynamic equation and neural connections were established according to the motion and interaction properties of the material under vibration excitation.The material feeding to the screen and the material passing through apertures were considered as excitatory and inhibitory inputs,respectively,and the generated stable neural activity landscape was used to describe the material distribution on the 2D screen surface.The dynamic process of material vibration screening was simulated using discrete element method(DEM).By comparing the similarity between the material distribution established using biological neural network(BNN)and that obtained using DEM simulation,the optimum coefficients of BNN model under a certain screening parameter were determined,that is,one relationship between the BNN model coefficients and the screening operation parameters was established.Different screening parameters were randomly selected,and the corresponding relationships were established as a database.Then,with straw/grain ratio,aperture diameter,inclination angle,vibration strength in normal and tangential directions as inputs,five independent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems(ANFIS)were established to predict the optimum BNN model coefficients,respectively.The training results indicated that ANFIS models had good stability and accuracy.The flexibility and adaptability of the proposed BNN method was demonstrated by modeling material distribution under complex feeding conditions such as multiple regions and non-uniform rate.展开更多
Background:Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is an infectious disease with a prevalence rate of up to 50%worldwide.It can cause indigestion,gastritis,peptic ulcer,and gastric cancer.H.pylori eradication treatment...Background:Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is an infectious disease with a prevalence rate of up to 50%worldwide.It can cause indigestion,gastritis,peptic ulcer,and gastric cancer.H.pylori eradication treatment can effectively control disease progression and reduce the risk of the above conditions.However,the escalating trend of antibiotic resistance presents a global challenge for H.pylori eradication.We aim to provide guidance on pharmacological treatment of H.pylori infection.Methods:This clinical practice guideline is developed following the World Health Organization’s recommended process,adopting Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation in assessing evidence quality,and utilizing Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations,minimizing bias and increasing transparency of the clinical practice guideline development process.We used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare(RIGHT)statement and The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ(AGREE Ⅱ)as reporting and conduct guides to ensure the guideline’s completeness and transparency.Results:Though decreasing in developed countries,the prevalence of H.pylori remains high in developing countries,causing a major public health burden.This clinical practice guideline contains 12 recommendations concerning pharmacological treatment for H.pylori eradication.Among them,it is worth highlighting that bismuth preparations are inexpensive,safe,and effective,consequently making bismuth quadruple therapy a preferred choice for initial and rescue treatment.In empirical treatment,high-dose dual therapy is equally effective compared with bismuth quadruple therapy.Conclusions:The 12 recommendations in this clinical practice guideline are formed with consideration for stakeholders’values and preferences,resource use,feasibility,and acceptability.Recommendations are generalizable to resource limited settings with similar antibiotic resistance pattern as China,and lower middle-income countries facing comparable sociological and technical challenges.Registration:Guidelines International Network(GIN)website,https://guidelines.ebmportal.com/node/69996.展开更多
Electrocatalytic water splitting as a green chemical process to evolve H_(2) has increasingly attracted attention.Using fresh water as the proton source not only increases the cost but also significantly hinders the w...Electrocatalytic water splitting as a green chemical process to evolve H_(2) has increasingly attracted attention.Using fresh water as the proton source not only increases the cost but also significantly hinders the wide applications of electrocatalysis in H_(2) production.Instead,seawater is more competitive compared to fresh water from the economic aspects,but more challenging from the technical aspects.Technically,insoluble solids and chloride ions in seawater significantly affect the electrocataly tic activity and stability of catalysts.Great efforts have been spared to develop highly effective electrocatalysts for seawater splitting,and various strategies have been raised.Herein,we categorized and discussed recently reported composites applied in electrocatalytic seawater splitting.Future perspectives for the advancement of seawater-based electrocatalysts have been proposed at the end.We hope to provide some new understanding and methods for the reasonable construction of state-of-the-art electrocatalysts to tackle the challenges of seawater splitting.展开更多
Senile dementia（SD） is a syndrome characterized by progressive neurological deterioration. Treatment for the disease is still under investigation. Bamboo leaf extract（B-extract） has been known for its biological e...Senile dementia（SD） is a syndrome characterized by progressive neurological deterioration. Treatment for the disease is still under investigation. Bamboo leaf extract（B-extract） has been known for its biological efficacy in anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. However, study on B-extract for its protection against dementia is very limited. The effect of B-extract on a rat model with SD was examined. B-extract improved spatial learning ability of the dementia rats. The hippocampus of dementia model rats showed reduced levels of acetylcholine（ACh）, epinephrine（E）, norepinephrine（NE）, and dopamine（DA）, and increased activities of acetylcholine esterase（ACh E） and monoamine oxidase（MAO）. Treatment with B-extract 20 mg/（kg·d） for 7 weeks significantly inhibited the enzyme activity compared with untreated dementia rats, and raised the levels of ACh, E, and DA in the hippocampus. In addition, treatment with B-extract elevated the level of γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）, but reduced the level of glutamate（Glu） in the brain. These data suggest that B-extract might be a potential drug in treating impairment of spatial memory in dementia rats by regulating the central neurotransmitter function.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the Clinical Frontier Technology Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,China(No.JNU1AF-CFTP-2022-a01223)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515011763,2020A1515110639,2021A1515010994,2022A1515011695)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan City-School Joint Funding Project(202201020084,202201020065).
文摘Neoantigen-targeted immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field that holds great promise for treating cancer.The recognition of antigens by immune cells is a crucial step in tumor-specific killing,and neoantigens generated by mutations in cancer cells possess high immunogenicity and are selectively expressed in tumor cells,making them an attractive therapeutic target.Currently,neoantigens find utility in various domains,primarily in the realm of neoantigen vaccines such as DC vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines,and synthetic long peptide vaccines.Additionally,they hold promise in adoptive cell therapy,encompassing tumor-infiltrating cells,T cell receptors,and chimeric antigen receptors which are expressed by genetically modified T cells.In this review,we summarized recent progress in the clinical use of tumor vaccines and adoptive cell therapy targeting neoantigens,discussed the potential of neoantigen burden as an immune checkpoint in clinical settings.With the aid of state-of-the-art sequencing and bioinformatics technologies,together with significant advancements in artificial intelligence,we anticipated that neoantigens will be fully exploited for personalized tumor immunotherapy,from screening to clinical application.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project entitled Test and Application Promotion of Shale Gas Exploration and Evaluation Techniques(No.2016ZX05034)a project organized by the China Geological Survey entitled Shale Gas Geological Survey in Northeastern Yunnan(No.DD20190080).
文摘Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52375247)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant No.BK20201421)+3 种基金Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province(grant No.KYCX21-3380)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund(grant No.CX(22)3090)Taizhou Science and Technology Project(grant No.TN202101)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher。
文摘The kinetic model is the theoretical basis for optimizing the structure and operation performance of vibration screening devices.In this paper,a biological neurodynamic equation and neural connections were established according to the motion and interaction properties of the material under vibration excitation.The material feeding to the screen and the material passing through apertures were considered as excitatory and inhibitory inputs,respectively,and the generated stable neural activity landscape was used to describe the material distribution on the 2D screen surface.The dynamic process of material vibration screening was simulated using discrete element method(DEM).By comparing the similarity between the material distribution established using biological neural network(BNN)and that obtained using DEM simulation,the optimum coefficients of BNN model under a certain screening parameter were determined,that is,one relationship between the BNN model coefficients and the screening operation parameters was established.Different screening parameters were randomly selected,and the corresponding relationships were established as a database.Then,with straw/grain ratio,aperture diameter,inclination angle,vibration strength in normal and tangential directions as inputs,five independent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems(ANFIS)were established to predict the optimum BNN model coefficients,respectively.The training results indicated that ANFIS models had good stability and accuracy.The flexibility and adaptability of the proposed BNN method was demonstrated by modeling material distribution under complex feeding conditions such as multiple regions and non-uniform rate.
基金The development of this CPG was funded by the China Primary Health Care Foundation.The funder had no involvement in the formulation of the CPG.
文摘Background:Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is an infectious disease with a prevalence rate of up to 50%worldwide.It can cause indigestion,gastritis,peptic ulcer,and gastric cancer.H.pylori eradication treatment can effectively control disease progression and reduce the risk of the above conditions.However,the escalating trend of antibiotic resistance presents a global challenge for H.pylori eradication.We aim to provide guidance on pharmacological treatment of H.pylori infection.Methods:This clinical practice guideline is developed following the World Health Organization’s recommended process,adopting Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation in assessing evidence quality,and utilizing Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations,minimizing bias and increasing transparency of the clinical practice guideline development process.We used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare(RIGHT)statement and The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ(AGREE Ⅱ)as reporting and conduct guides to ensure the guideline’s completeness and transparency.Results:Though decreasing in developed countries,the prevalence of H.pylori remains high in developing countries,causing a major public health burden.This clinical practice guideline contains 12 recommendations concerning pharmacological treatment for H.pylori eradication.Among them,it is worth highlighting that bismuth preparations are inexpensive,safe,and effective,consequently making bismuth quadruple therapy a preferred choice for initial and rescue treatment.In empirical treatment,high-dose dual therapy is equally effective compared with bismuth quadruple therapy.Conclusions:The 12 recommendations in this clinical practice guideline are formed with consideration for stakeholders’values and preferences,resource use,feasibility,and acceptability.Recommendations are generalizable to resource limited settings with similar antibiotic resistance pattern as China,and lower middle-income countries facing comparable sociological and technical challenges.Registration:Guidelines International Network(GIN)website,https://guidelines.ebmportal.com/node/69996.
基金financially supported by Taishan Scholars Foundation of Shandong province(No.tsqn201909058)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M682241)。
文摘Electrocatalytic water splitting as a green chemical process to evolve H_(2) has increasingly attracted attention.Using fresh water as the proton source not only increases the cost but also significantly hinders the wide applications of electrocatalysis in H_(2) production.Instead,seawater is more competitive compared to fresh water from the economic aspects,but more challenging from the technical aspects.Technically,insoluble solids and chloride ions in seawater significantly affect the electrocataly tic activity and stability of catalysts.Great efforts have been spared to develop highly effective electrocatalysts for seawater splitting,and various strategies have been raised.Herein,we categorized and discussed recently reported composites applied in electrocatalytic seawater splitting.Future perspectives for the advancement of seawater-based electrocatalysts have been proposed at the end.We hope to provide some new understanding and methods for the reasonable construction of state-of-the-art electrocatalysts to tackle the challenges of seawater splitting.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY14H090002)the National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of China(No.201313021016)
文摘Senile dementia（SD） is a syndrome characterized by progressive neurological deterioration. Treatment for the disease is still under investigation. Bamboo leaf extract（B-extract） has been known for its biological efficacy in anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. However, study on B-extract for its protection against dementia is very limited. The effect of B-extract on a rat model with SD was examined. B-extract improved spatial learning ability of the dementia rats. The hippocampus of dementia model rats showed reduced levels of acetylcholine（ACh）, epinephrine（E）, norepinephrine（NE）, and dopamine（DA）, and increased activities of acetylcholine esterase（ACh E） and monoamine oxidase（MAO）. Treatment with B-extract 20 mg/（kg·d） for 7 weeks significantly inhibited the enzyme activity compared with untreated dementia rats, and raised the levels of ACh, E, and DA in the hippocampus. In addition, treatment with B-extract elevated the level of γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）, but reduced the level of glutamate（Glu） in the brain. These data suggest that B-extract might be a potential drug in treating impairment of spatial memory in dementia rats by regulating the central neurotransmitter function.
