In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of thr...In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of three rural settlements, i.e.,Hetaoyuan, Dawengshan, and Gaoqiao, in the Yimeng Mountain in Shandong province of eastern China.Residents lived in this three types of rural settlements were all involved in agricultural production(i.e., grain threshing, drying and storage), which had remained dominant in Hetaoyuan. Dawengshan became an industrial-oriented settlement, while Gaoqiao became a commercial-oriented settlement. This evolution was reflected in the livelihood strategy changes of rural households and the transition of rural settlements changes. The choice of livelihood strategy was affected by the livelihood assets and policies, which resulted in the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of rural settlements. This study can provide references for the implementation and adjustment of rural residential land consolidation policies and the improvement of production and the quality of rural life in future.展开更多
Background Although chemotherapy is one of the most important treatments of breast cancer,it is limited by significant inter-individuval variations in response and toxicity.The metabolism of epirubicin （EPI） and cyc...Background Although chemotherapy is one of the most important treatments of breast cancer,it is limited by significant inter-individuval variations in response and toxicity.The metabolism of epirubicin （EPI） and cyclophosphamide （CTX） is mainly mediated by cytochrome P450s （CYPs） and glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）.It has been well-known that the activities of these enzymes are polymorphic in population due to their genetic polymorphisms.The aim of this research was to examine the effects of genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A,GSTP1 and MDR1 genes on treatment response and side-effects of breast cancer patients receiving EPI/CTX chemotherapy.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ invasive breast cancer were recruited and treated with three to four cycles of EPI 80 mg/m2 and CTX 600 mg/m2 every two weeks.The AJCC TNM staging system （sixth edition）was used to evaluate the pathological response of primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes.The genotypes of gene polymorphisms were determined by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.Results Patients carrying GSTP1 105 lle/Val or 105 lle/lle genotype were more likely to have good response （OR,0.40;95% CI,0.16-0.96;P=0.024） and light toxicity （OR,0.35;95% Cl,0.13-0.78;P=0.006） than those carrying 105Val/Val genotypes.The response to the treatment was not correlated with estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor and Her2/neu status of tumors.No correlation was found between toxicity effect and patient＇s age,tumor staging,menopause status,and dose intensity of the drugs.Conclusion GSTP1 polymorphism was associatiated with the chemotherapy response or adverse effects of EPI and CTX regimens.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41671519 and 41771560)
文摘In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of three rural settlements, i.e.,Hetaoyuan, Dawengshan, and Gaoqiao, in the Yimeng Mountain in Shandong province of eastern China.Residents lived in this three types of rural settlements were all involved in agricultural production(i.e., grain threshing, drying and storage), which had remained dominant in Hetaoyuan. Dawengshan became an industrial-oriented settlement, while Gaoqiao became a commercial-oriented settlement. This evolution was reflected in the livelihood strategy changes of rural households and the transition of rural settlements changes. The choice of livelihood strategy was affected by the livelihood assets and policies, which resulted in the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of rural settlements. This study can provide references for the implementation and adjustment of rural residential land consolidation policies and the improvement of production and the quality of rural life in future.
文摘Background Although chemotherapy is one of the most important treatments of breast cancer,it is limited by significant inter-individuval variations in response and toxicity.The metabolism of epirubicin （EPI） and cyclophosphamide （CTX） is mainly mediated by cytochrome P450s （CYPs） and glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）.It has been well-known that the activities of these enzymes are polymorphic in population due to their genetic polymorphisms.The aim of this research was to examine the effects of genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A,GSTP1 and MDR1 genes on treatment response and side-effects of breast cancer patients receiving EPI/CTX chemotherapy.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ invasive breast cancer were recruited and treated with three to four cycles of EPI 80 mg/m2 and CTX 600 mg/m2 every two weeks.The AJCC TNM staging system （sixth edition）was used to evaluate the pathological response of primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes.The genotypes of gene polymorphisms were determined by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.Results Patients carrying GSTP1 105 lle/Val or 105 lle/lle genotype were more likely to have good response （OR,0.40;95% CI,0.16-0.96;P=0.024） and light toxicity （OR,0.35;95% Cl,0.13-0.78;P=0.006） than those carrying 105Val/Val genotypes.The response to the treatment was not correlated with estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor and Her2/neu status of tumors.No correlation was found between toxicity effect and patient＇s age,tumor staging,menopause status,and dose intensity of the drugs.Conclusion GSTP1 polymorphism was associatiated with the chemotherapy response or adverse effects of EPI and CTX regimens.
