20万m^3 LNG储罐用钢板特点和生产工艺控制

上海液化天然气有限公司目前正在进行2台20万m^3LNG储罐的扩建工程。根据钢板采购和建造技术要求,对该工程所用X7Ni9钢板的特点进行了分析,并结合宝钢股份5m宽厚板产线的装备特点,提出了该钢板生产工艺流程,对关键生产工序、需要克服的难点进行了分析,提出了相应的保障措施。宝钢已生产的钢板完全符合采购和建造技术要求。

Development of SA-533 Type B CL. 1+SA-240 Type 304L roll-bonded clad steel plate for safety injection tank of CAP1400 nuclear power plant

Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-strength and high-toughness clad steel plate with a shear strength of over 310 MPa for the nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank. The properties of the quenched and tempered and the simulated post-weld heat treatment states are systematically studied herein through a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the composition,microstructure,and properties of the clad steel plate. The results show that the bonding interface has high shear strength and that the base metal has high strength and good toughness at low temperatures. Hence, the performance fully meets the technical requirements of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank in the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project. The roll-bonded clad steel plate can be used to manufacture the safety injection tank of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant.

节流孔轴向布置方式对气浮主轴轴承特性的影响

气浮主轴承载能力和刚度作为衡量气浮主轴性能的关键指标,受到节流方式的直接影响,而目前节流孔轴向布置方式对孔式节流静压气体轴承支承性能的影响尚缺乏深入研究。为研究节流孔轴向布置方式对静压气体轴承特性的影响,设计两排孔、中部排气式四排孔、中部不排气式四排孔3种典型的节流孔轴向布置方式,基于雷诺方程建立静压气体轴颈轴承气膜力数学模型,分析轴芯转速、节流孔轴向布置方式对轴承承载力与刚度的影响规律,并通过实验验证模型的准确性。结果表明:在低速阶段,中部排气式四排孔结构轴承的承载力和刚度最大,适合低速重载工况;在高速阶段,中部不排气式四排孔结构轴承的承载力和刚度最大,其动压效应提升明显,尤其是长径比较大的轴承,适合高速工况;双排孔轴承兼顾了以上2种优势,适合性能均衡应用工况。通过实验验证了模型的准确性,研究结果可指导静压气体轴承在不同应用需求中的选用与设计。

Microstructure and properties of S30403+Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels

To meet the demand of the domestic pressure vessel industry for roll-bonded clad steel plates, Baosteel has developed an S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are made to systematically evaluate the steel plate in the normalized and normalized ＋ stress relieved states. The results show the cladding interface of the S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength, the base metal has good properties, and the mechanical properties of the steel plate head and tail are uniform. The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.

New methods of predicting dissimilar steel weld metal microstructures by Schaeffler Diagram

On the base of a number of analyses and researches, some new methods of predicting and expressing the microstructure kinds, of the dissimilar steel welded joint of austenite/pearlite(ferrite) have been presented Those new methods can ascertain the microstructure kind not only in the different characteristic zones of weld metal but also in the different morphologies in the heterogeneous mixture zone of weld metal. Those new methods. enrich and develop the traditional methods of predicting the microstructure of weld metal by Schaeffler Diagram, and are more concise and practical.

Development of S11306+SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels

To meet the demand of the pressure vessel industry, Baosteel has developed an S11306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are performed to systematically evaluate the steel plate in normalized state and normalized ＋ stress relieved state. The results show the cladding interface of the Sl1306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength, and the base metal has good mechanical properties. The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.

无人机自主定位中的仿射二进制特征匹配

由于GPS在室内或是紧密建筑群中定位误差较大,基于视觉的自主定位为其提供了廉价的解决方案,但是传统仿射匹配算法大多基于浮点型的特征描述算子,而二进制特征描述子在内存占用和时间消耗上有较大的优势,论文提出了一个基于虚拟视角和二进制特征的快速仿射图像匹配算法。首先,提取待匹配图像的二进制特征,通过粗匹配生成单应性矩阵,然后通过对矩阵进行评估来决定是否通过单应性矩阵生成中间图像或是通过虚拟视角生成模拟图像,并生成匹配结果。虚拟视角是通过模拟相机光轴所在位置来生成模拟图像。实验表明,论文提出的快速仿射图像匹配算法能够较好地满足地面和空中图像不同视角匹配的需求,并且相比于ASIFT计算速度提高了30倍,比AORB算法速度提高了5倍。

超高速空气静压轴承电主轴损耗及热特性分析

电主轴作为高度集成的机电一体化产品,相对于传统的机床主轴,其将主轴电机集成内置到主轴内部,具有结构紧凑、低惯性、高转速、低噪声、快速响应等优点,但由于电机集成于主轴内部,运转时产生的大量热量,会引起电主轴温度快速升高,使电主轴的热态特性和动态特性变差,进而影响电主轴的正常加工甚至出现运转过程中卡死。为定量计算整机的损耗及发热变形情况以解决此问题,通过建立超高速空气轴承电主轴热特性分析模型,采用解析法与有限元仿真相结合的方法,求解电主轴轴芯空气摩擦损耗、电机损耗,获得了电主轴温升等热态特性参数,并通过试验验证分析模型和方法的准确性,研究模型中轴芯空气摩擦损耗理论计算数值与实验数值偏差在2%以内,为电主轴设计提供了理论依据。

Characterization and Modelling of High Temperature Flow Behaviour of V Modified 2.25Cr-1Mo Heat Resistant Steel Plate

In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.

Fracture toughness of 12Cr2Mo1R steel at elevated temperature

The microstructure, tensile properties, and fracture toughness of 12Cr2Mo1R steel were studied. The results indicate that this steel is characterized by a bainite microstructure, in which several types of carbides precipitate along the ferrite laths. As the temperature increases from room temperature to 375℃ ,the strength of the steel increases slightly and the fracture toughness clearly decreases. However, when the temperature continues to increase up to 500 ℃, the strength decreases and the fracture toughness increases. At all the temperatures investigated,the strength and toughness of the developed 12Cr2Mo1R steel were capable of meeting the design requirements of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. The fracture of 12Cr2Mo1R steel at high temperature typically occurs in the ductile mode.

The effect of different cooling and tempering conditions on the strength and toughness of SA533B steel

The microstmcture and mechanical properties of SA533B low-alloy steel were investigated under different cooling and tempering conditions. Steel plates cooled at 40℃/s and 25℃/min,exibited microstructures of auto-tempered martensite and bainite, respectively. During tempering, the strength of steels quenched at the two different cooling rates decreased continuously with an increase in the tempering parameter, which is defined by T （20 ＋ log t）, where T is the temperature and t is the holding time. However, the rate of change of the strength scales with the degree to which the virgin microstructure deviates from equilibrium. The strength of the martensitic steel decreased faster and finally obtained a value close to that of the bainitic steel. The ductility and toughness gradually improved during tempering, passed through a maximum value, and finally diminished. The level of maximum toughness was also found to depend on the cooling rates of SA533B steel. The high cooling rate with a microstructure of auto-tempered martensite exhibited a larger toughness and a lower ductile-brittle transition temperature than the low cooling rate with a microstructure of bainite, because the former had finer precipitated cementite particles at quenching and a slower coarsing rate during tempering.

NEW VIEW OF CHARACTERISTIC ZONE CLASSIFICATION OF FUSION WELDING JOINT

A new view of characterstic zone classification of fusion welding joint has been put for-ward on the base of a number of metallograplic observations and researches. TLe characteristiczones of the joint include (1) homogenous mixture region (2)heterogerous mixture zone, (3)partically melting zone and (4) heat-affected zone. (1) and (2) consist of the weld metal. (2) and (3)compose the bond, the boundary betweer (2) and (3) is the fusion line Four kinds of characteristicappearences in the ' heterogenous mixture zone' are induced. The formation process of thecharcteristic zones is distussed in detail. The differences between authors' classification and W. F.Savage's one are compared, to hoping that the formation essence and composition feature of fusionwelding joint can be reasonably reflected.

液体静压主轴液膜剪切模型重构与试验反求研究

液体静压轴承由于具有精度高、刚度高、减振性好和无磨损等优点,在精密超精密机床主轴中获得了广泛应用。但现有的基于液膜牛顿剪切假设的液体静压轴承设计理论在实际应用中与测试结果存在显著的差别,难以满足液体静压主轴精确定量设计的需要。在对液体静压主轴长期研究并跟踪其实际应用发现,按照最佳节流比原则设计的液体静压主轴,理论上的节流间隙和轴承流量等参数往往与实际采用或测试的参数存在显著差异,部分案例的差异达到40%以上。为了建立更精确的液体静压轴承设计理论,有必要对其基本假设——液膜牛顿剪切模型,进行重新研究。利用滚动轴承电主轴和液体静压轴承作为动力源和测试对象,建立了带回油槽的4腔液体静压轴承原理性试验台,利用该试验台进行了不同液膜间隙、不同轴颈表面粗糙度、不同转速和供油压力等条件下的轴承流量等参数试验,发现了不同参数条件下理论设计值和实际测试值的偏离规律。在此基础上,逆向重构了与试验测试结果吻合度高的液体静压轴承液膜压力流量模型,进而反求得到了数学形式上可能的液体静压轴承液膜剪切新模型;进一步通过对各类新模型物理意义的解读,选择确认了轴颈表面带滑移的液膜剪切模型。研究工作为进一步建立可准确进行液体静压轴承设计的新理论奠定了模型基础。

全液体静压支承结构磨削系统的磨削成圆规律及圆度极限预测

主轴轴颈的圆度直接影响液体静压主轴系统的回转精度,要制造纳米级回转精度的液体静压主轴系统,必须不断提高主轴零件轴颈的圆度。目前国内外高精密磨床可实现的轴颈磨削圆度范围在0.2~0.5μm,要想进一步提高轴颈磨削圆度,以上磨削方案已很难满足需要。基于此,系统研究头架主轴、尾架主轴和砂轮主轴均采用液体静压支承的全静压支承结构磨削系统的磨削成圆规律,探讨可能达到的圆度极限。首先建立计入头架主轴回转误差、尾架主轴回转误差、双顶尖不同轴误差、砂轮主轴回转误差和工件初始表面轮廓圆度误差的磨削系统耦合动力学模型;提出基于Newmark-β数值积分方法的“磨削力-瞬态磨削深度”循环迭代收敛算法,实现工件外圆轮廓形成过渡过程的定量仿真。研制全液体静压主轴支承结构磨削系统,通过磨削实验和磨削成圆仿真结论的对比,证实所建立模型和所提出算法的有效性。最后根据所提模型和仿真算法,研究各磨削系统误差对磨削圆度的影响规律,并在此基础上对可实现的磨削圆度极限进行了预测。