Typhoon-Induced Ocean Waves and Stokes Drift:A Case Study of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)

Ocean waves and Stokes drift are generated by typhoons.This study investigated the characteristics of ocean waves and wave-induced Stokes drift and their effects during Typhoon Mangkhut using European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)ERA5 datasets and observational data.The results revealed that the typhoon generated intense cyclones and huge typhoon waves with a maximum wind speed of 45 m/s,a minimum pressure of955 h Pa,and a maximum significant wave height of 12 m.The Stokes drift caused by typhoon waves exceeded 0.6m/s,the Stokes depth scale exceeded 18 m,and the maximum Stokes transport reached 6 m^(2)/s.The spatial distribution of 10-m wind speed,typhoon wave height,Stokes drift,Stokes depth,and Stokes transport during the typhoon was highly correlated with the typhoon track.The distribution along the typhoon track showed significant zonal asymmetry,with greater intensity on the right side of the typhoon track than on the left side.These findings provide important insights into the impact of typhoons on ocean waves and Stokes drift,thus improving our understanding of the interactions between typhoons and the ocean environment.This study also investigated the contribution of Stokes transport to the total net transport during typhoons using Ekman-Stokes Numbers as a comparative measure.The results indicated that the ratio of Stokes transport to the total net transport reached up to 50%within the typhoon radius,while it was approximately 30%outside the radius.Strong Stokes transport induced by typhoon waves led to divergence in the transport direction,which resulted in upwelling of the lower ocean as a compensation current.Thus,Stokes transport played a crucial role in the vertical mixing of the ocean during typhoons.The findings suggested that Stokes transport should be paid more attention to,particularly in high latitude ocean regions,where strong winds can amplify its effects.

Effect of incorporation manner of Zr promoter on precipitated ironbased catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

The promotional effects of Zr on the structure, reduction, carburization and catalytic behavior of precipitated iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） catalysts were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, and M6ssbauer effect spectroscopy （MES） techniques. As revealed by N2 physisorption, Zr decreased the BET surface area and pore volume of the catalyst. The results of TPR and MES show that Zr suppresses the reduction and carburization of Fe catalysts because of the interaction between Fe and Zr. The FTS reaction results indicate that Zr decreases the FTS activity of Fe catalysts but improves the catalysts＇ stability. In addition, Zr promoter restraines the formation of light hydrocarbons （methane and C2-C4） and shifts the production distribution to the heavy hydrocarbons.

全蝎、蜈蚣调控非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖的机制研究

[目的]探讨全蝎、蜈蚣调控非小细胞肺癌细胞A549增殖的潜在分子机制。[方法]全蝎、蜈蚣处理非小细胞肺癌细胞A549后,MTT法检测细胞的增殖水平。RNA-seq和实时荧光定量PCR检测全蝎、蜈蚣调控的非小细胞肺癌细胞A549基因。siRNA敲低或质粒过表达受全蝎、蜈蚣调控的基因,检测非小细胞肺癌细胞A549的增殖水平。[结果]全蝎、蜈蚣处理后,非小细胞肺癌细胞A549的增殖水平明显下降(0.83±0.10 vs 0.54±0.03,t=2.778;P<0.05)。RNA-seq和实时荧光定量PCR发现全蝎、蜈蚣能够调控非小细胞肺癌细胞A549 ATL2、SLC5A9、ARHGAP28、XKR8、COX-2、SCN4B、MYCN、IL13、HSPA14、EFHD2、INSR、PALD1、LIN28A的表达表达。敲低COX-2后非小细胞肺癌细胞A549转染后24h的增殖水平降低(0.43±0.05 vs 0.23±0.01,t=3.922,P<0.05)。全蝎、蜈蚣处理非小细胞肺癌细胞A549后,COX-2的蛋白水平降低。过表达COX-2后,非小细胞肺癌细胞A549的增殖水平显著上升(0.80±0.08 vs 0.89±0.24,t=0.3558;P>0.05)。同时过表达COX-2和全蝎、蜈蚣处理后,非小细胞肺癌细胞A549的增殖水平没有显著变化(P>0.05)。[结论]全蝎、蜈蚣通过降低COX-2的表达水平抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞A549的增殖水平。

补阳还五汤提取物调控肺癌细胞对乏氧环境适应性的作用及机制

目的探讨补阳还五汤提取物(Buyang Huanwu decoction,BHD)调控肺癌细胞对乏氧环境适应性的作用及潜在机制。方法将肺癌细胞Calu-1和A549暴露在缺氧环境中16 h后使用或不使用1 mg/mL BHD处理,分为Control组(使用同体积的PBS处理)和BHD组,检测肺癌细胞的增殖水平并通过RNA-Seq检测基因表达的差异。选取下调倍数在4倍以上的基因进行筛选,鉴定调控肺癌细胞增殖的关键基因。转染过表达空载体或HIF-α的过表达质粒后,分为Vector组和HIF-α组,检测肺癌细胞的增殖水平。同时,检测Control组和BHD组的耗氧量、葡萄糖水平、乳酸水平和谷氨酰胺水平。结果BHD显著降低了Calu-1和A549的增殖水平(P<0.05)。BHD显著调控多种基因的mRNA水平下调。通过siRNA敲低筛选上述表达水平下调4倍的基因对细胞增殖水平的影响,发现敲低HIF-α时肺癌细胞Calu-1和A549的增殖水平显著下降(P<0.05)。过表达HIF-α后,肺癌细胞Calu-1和A549的增殖水平显著上升(P<0.05)。BHD处理16 h后,相比于Control组,肺癌细胞Calu-1和A549的葡萄糖水平显著上升(P<0.05)、乳酸水平显著下降(P<0.05)、谷氨酰胺水平无显著变化(P>0.05)。BHD处理的同时过表达HIF-α后,相比于Control组,肺癌细胞Calu-1和A549的增殖水平无显著变化(P>0.05),耗氧量无显著变化(P>0.05),葡萄糖水平和乳酸水平无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论BHD通过下调HIF-α的表达量,减少肺癌细胞的糖酵解水平,降低肺癌细胞对乏氧环境的适应性,抑制肺癌细胞的增殖。