目的研究北柴胡农艺性状与总黄酮、皂苷含量的相关性,为柴胡的良种选育提供参考依据。方法采用常规方法测定11个不同种质北柴胡一年生和二年生的农艺性状指标,紫外-可见分光光度法测定总黄酮含量,HPLC法测定柴胡皂苷含量,运用Origin Pro...目的研究北柴胡农艺性状与总黄酮、皂苷含量的相关性,为柴胡的良种选育提供参考依据。方法采用常规方法测定11个不同种质北柴胡一年生和二年生的农艺性状指标,紫外-可见分光光度法测定总黄酮含量,HPLC法测定柴胡皂苷含量,运用Origin Pro 2021软件分析农艺性状与总黄酮、皂苷含量之间的相关性。结果农艺性状会对北柴胡总黄酮、皂苷含量产生影响。一年生农艺性状与含量的相关性分析表明,主茎叶长、根长、根鲜重、根干重与总黄酮含量之间存在负相关;根冠比与皂苷c含量之间存在极显著正相关;须根数与皂苷d、a+d含量之间存在显著正相关。二年生农艺性状与含量的相关性分析表明,主茎叶宽、根粗与总黄酮含量之间存在显著正相关,茎生叶数与皂苷c含量之间存在显著负相关;根干重与皂苷d、a+d、c+a+d含量之间存在显著正相关;根粗、根干重与皂苷a含量之间存在正相关。生长年限也会对北柴胡总黄酮、皂苷含量产生影响,随着生长年限的增加,总黄酮含量增加,皂苷含量减少。结论以皂苷含量为选育指标,须根数、根粗、根干重可作为北柴胡良种选育的重要指标。展开更多
目的比较研究黄芪蜜炙后多糖、单糖、寡糖及非糖类小分子成分的整体变化。方法结合糖组学和代谢组学,运用超高效液相-二极管阵列检测器(ultra high performance liquid-photodiode array detector,UPLC-PDA)、高效液相-蒸发光散射检测器...目的比较研究黄芪蜜炙后多糖、单糖、寡糖及非糖类小分子成分的整体变化。方法结合糖组学和代谢组学,运用超高效液相-二极管阵列检测器(ultra high performance liquid-photodiode array detector,UPLC-PDA)、高效液相-蒸发光散射检测器(ultra high performance liquid-evaporative light scattering detector,HPLC-ELSD)、高效凝胶渗透色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(high performance gel permeation chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector,HPGPC-ELSD)和超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbit-trap high resolution mass spectrometr,UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)等对黄芪和蜜炙黄芪的多糖、单糖、寡糖以及非糖小分子组分进行分析。结果黄芪和蜜炙黄芪中均可以找到3种相对分子质量的多糖,但3种多糖的重均相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布以及3种多糖各自的占比存在差异。黄芪和蜜炙黄芪多糖均含有甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖7种单糖,但两者物质的量比稍有不同(黄芪vs蜜炙黄芪=0.70∶0.20∶0.85∶5.67∶0.44∶2.04∶0.32 vs 0.79∶0.15∶0.73∶7.10∶0.31∶1.71∶0.35)。在黄芪和蜜炙黄芪中均能检测到寡糖蔗糖,蜜炙后蔗糖含量显著下降(P<0.01)。黄芪和蜜炙黄芪均含有游离单糖果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖醛酸和岩藻糖,蜜炙黄芪中的果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖含量均显著高于黄芪(P<0.05、0.01),而半乳糖醛酸的含量显著低于黄芪(P<0.05),岩藻糖含量在黄芪蜜炙后无显著变化。从黄芪和蜜炙黄芪中共筛选出20个差异性非糖小分子成分,主要为皂苷类和黄酮类成分。代表性成分定量分析表明,与黄芪相比,蜜炙黄芪中的黄酮类成分毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素、芒柄花苷的含量显著降低(P<0.05、0.01),皂苷类成分黄芪甲苷含量显著增加(P<0.01)。呋喃醛衍生物5-羟甲基糠醛在黄芪中未检测到,在蜜炙黄芪中的含量显著升高(P<0.001)。结论黄芪和蜜炙黄芪的糖类组分与非糖类组分存在显著差异,这可能是造成黄芪蜜炙后补中益气功效增强的主要原因。展开更多
AIM： The aim of the work is to study the pyrolysis characteristics of Radix Rhizoma Rhei, Cortex Moudan Radicis, and Radix Sanguisorbae in an inert atmosphere of argon （Ar）, and to investigate the mechanism of the ...AIM： The aim of the work is to study the pyrolysis characteristics of Radix Rhizoma Rhei, Cortex Moudan Radicis, and Radix Sanguisorbae in an inert atmosphere of argon （Ar）, and to investigate the mechanism of the carbonizing process of the three traditional Chinese herbs. METHODS： The pyrolysis characteristics of the crude materials and their extracts were studied by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry （TG-MS） in a carrier gas of argon, coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FTIR） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） methods. Correlation of the pyrolysis behaviors with the carbonizing process by stir-frying of traditional Chinese medicines was made. RESULTS： Within the temperature range of 200-300 ℃, which is the testing range for the study of the carbonizing process of Chinese herbs, the temperatures indicated by the maximum weight loss rate peak of the above three extracts were taken as the upper-limit temperatures of the carbonizing process of the herbs, and which were 200, 240 and 247 ℃ for Radix Rhizoma Rhei, Cortex Moudan Radicis, and Radix Sanguisorbae, respectively. The ion monitoring signal peaks detected by the TG-MS method corresponded with reports that the level of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicinal materials would decrease after the carbonizing process. It was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FTIR） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） methods that better results of ＂medicinal property preservation＂ could be obtained by heating at 200 ℃ for Radix Rhizoma Rhei, at about 250 ℃ for Cortex Moudan Radicis, and Radix Sanguisorbae, as the relative intensity values of the common peaks were among the middle of their three carbonized samples by programmed heating. CONCLUSION： The upper-limit temperatures of the carbonizing process for Radix Rhizoma Rhei, Cortex Moudan Radicis and Radix Sanguisorbae were 200, 240 and 247 ℃ respectively. It is feasible to research the mechanism and technology of the carbonizing process of traditional Chinese medicinal materials using thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy methods.展开更多
Objective： To determine the pyrolysis characteristics of calcined and processed calamine, qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contents of related elements, morphology and functional groups of the pyrolysis p...Objective： To determine the pyrolysis characteristics of calcined and processed calamine, qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contents of related elements, morphology and functional groups of the pyrolysis products dried at different heating temperatures and explore the critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature for the process of calamine with Huanglian Decoction（HLD, 黄连汤） and San Huang Decoction（SHD, 三黄汤）. Methods： Pyrolysis products were prepared by programmable and constantly heating the calcined and processed calamine to or at different heating temperatures. Thermogravimetry（TG） was used to test their pyrolysis characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopeenergy dispersive spectrometer were used to determine their morphology, functional groups and element contents. Page model was used to investigate the constant drying kinetics of processed calamine. Results： The adding of HLD or SHD to calcined calamine（CC） can slow its weight loss in drying pyrolysis process. The temperature ranges where HLD and SHD can affect its weight loss were 65–150 ℃ and 74–180 ℃, respectively. The drying temperature was optimized as 90 ℃. The drying kinetic for the processed calamine fits Page model shows good linearity. Conclusions： The critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature where HLD and SHD can affect the weight loss rate in the process of calamine were explored using the theories and methods of both biophysical chemistry and processing of Chinese materia medica. This work provides a good example for the study of the process of other Chinese medicines using modern analytical techniques.展开更多
文摘目的研究北柴胡农艺性状与总黄酮、皂苷含量的相关性,为柴胡的良种选育提供参考依据。方法采用常规方法测定11个不同种质北柴胡一年生和二年生的农艺性状指标,紫外-可见分光光度法测定总黄酮含量,HPLC法测定柴胡皂苷含量,运用Origin Pro 2021软件分析农艺性状与总黄酮、皂苷含量之间的相关性。结果农艺性状会对北柴胡总黄酮、皂苷含量产生影响。一年生农艺性状与含量的相关性分析表明,主茎叶长、根长、根鲜重、根干重与总黄酮含量之间存在负相关;根冠比与皂苷c含量之间存在极显著正相关;须根数与皂苷d、a+d含量之间存在显著正相关。二年生农艺性状与含量的相关性分析表明,主茎叶宽、根粗与总黄酮含量之间存在显著正相关,茎生叶数与皂苷c含量之间存在显著负相关;根干重与皂苷d、a+d、c+a+d含量之间存在显著正相关;根粗、根干重与皂苷a含量之间存在正相关。生长年限也会对北柴胡总黄酮、皂苷含量产生影响,随着生长年限的增加,总黄酮含量增加,皂苷含量减少。结论以皂苷含量为选育指标,须根数、根粗、根干重可作为北柴胡良种选育的重要指标。
文摘目的比较研究黄芪蜜炙后多糖、单糖、寡糖及非糖类小分子成分的整体变化。方法结合糖组学和代谢组学,运用超高效液相-二极管阵列检测器(ultra high performance liquid-photodiode array detector,UPLC-PDA)、高效液相-蒸发光散射检测器(ultra high performance liquid-evaporative light scattering detector,HPLC-ELSD)、高效凝胶渗透色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(high performance gel permeation chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector,HPGPC-ELSD)和超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbit-trap high resolution mass spectrometr,UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)等对黄芪和蜜炙黄芪的多糖、单糖、寡糖以及非糖小分子组分进行分析。结果黄芪和蜜炙黄芪中均可以找到3种相对分子质量的多糖,但3种多糖的重均相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布以及3种多糖各自的占比存在差异。黄芪和蜜炙黄芪多糖均含有甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖7种单糖,但两者物质的量比稍有不同(黄芪vs蜜炙黄芪=0.70∶0.20∶0.85∶5.67∶0.44∶2.04∶0.32 vs 0.79∶0.15∶0.73∶7.10∶0.31∶1.71∶0.35)。在黄芪和蜜炙黄芪中均能检测到寡糖蔗糖,蜜炙后蔗糖含量显著下降(P<0.01)。黄芪和蜜炙黄芪均含有游离单糖果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖醛酸和岩藻糖,蜜炙黄芪中的果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖含量均显著高于黄芪(P<0.05、0.01),而半乳糖醛酸的含量显著低于黄芪(P<0.05),岩藻糖含量在黄芪蜜炙后无显著变化。从黄芪和蜜炙黄芪中共筛选出20个差异性非糖小分子成分,主要为皂苷类和黄酮类成分。代表性成分定量分析表明,与黄芪相比,蜜炙黄芪中的黄酮类成分毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素、芒柄花苷的含量显著降低(P<0.05、0.01),皂苷类成分黄芪甲苷含量显著增加(P<0.01)。呋喃醛衍生物5-羟甲基糠醛在黄芪中未检测到,在蜜炙黄芪中的含量显著升高(P<0.001)。结论黄芪和蜜炙黄芪的糖类组分与非糖类组分存在显著差异,这可能是造成黄芪蜜炙后补中益气功效增强的主要原因。
文摘AIM： The aim of the work is to study the pyrolysis characteristics of Radix Rhizoma Rhei, Cortex Moudan Radicis, and Radix Sanguisorbae in an inert atmosphere of argon （Ar）, and to investigate the mechanism of the carbonizing process of the three traditional Chinese herbs. METHODS： The pyrolysis characteristics of the crude materials and their extracts were studied by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry （TG-MS） in a carrier gas of argon, coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FTIR） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） methods. Correlation of the pyrolysis behaviors with the carbonizing process by stir-frying of traditional Chinese medicines was made. RESULTS： Within the temperature range of 200-300 ℃, which is the testing range for the study of the carbonizing process of Chinese herbs, the temperatures indicated by the maximum weight loss rate peak of the above three extracts were taken as the upper-limit temperatures of the carbonizing process of the herbs, and which were 200, 240 and 247 ℃ for Radix Rhizoma Rhei, Cortex Moudan Radicis, and Radix Sanguisorbae, respectively. The ion monitoring signal peaks detected by the TG-MS method corresponded with reports that the level of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicinal materials would decrease after the carbonizing process. It was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FTIR） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） methods that better results of ＂medicinal property preservation＂ could be obtained by heating at 200 ℃ for Radix Rhizoma Rhei, at about 250 ℃ for Cortex Moudan Radicis, and Radix Sanguisorbae, as the relative intensity values of the common peaks were among the middle of their three carbonized samples by programmed heating. CONCLUSION： The upper-limit temperatures of the carbonizing process for Radix Rhizoma Rhei, Cortex Moudan Radicis and Radix Sanguisorbae were 200, 240 and 247 ℃ respectively. It is feasible to research the mechanism and technology of the carbonizing process of traditional Chinese medicinal materials using thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy methods.
基金Supported by the the Key Technology Research for TCM Modernization of Shanxi Province"Zhendong"Special Project(No.2014ZD0302)
文摘Objective： To determine the pyrolysis characteristics of calcined and processed calamine, qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contents of related elements, morphology and functional groups of the pyrolysis products dried at different heating temperatures and explore the critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature for the process of calamine with Huanglian Decoction（HLD, 黄连汤） and San Huang Decoction（SHD, 三黄汤）. Methods： Pyrolysis products were prepared by programmable and constantly heating the calcined and processed calamine to or at different heating temperatures. Thermogravimetry（TG） was used to test their pyrolysis characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopeenergy dispersive spectrometer were used to determine their morphology, functional groups and element contents. Page model was used to investigate the constant drying kinetics of processed calamine. Results： The adding of HLD or SHD to calcined calamine（CC） can slow its weight loss in drying pyrolysis process. The temperature ranges where HLD and SHD can affect its weight loss were 65–150 ℃ and 74–180 ℃, respectively. The drying temperature was optimized as 90 ℃. The drying kinetic for the processed calamine fits Page model shows good linearity. Conclusions： The critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature where HLD and SHD can affect the weight loss rate in the process of calamine were explored using the theories and methods of both biophysical chemistry and processing of Chinese materia medica. This work provides a good example for the study of the process of other Chinese medicines using modern analytical techniques.
