平顶山矿区矸石山周边土壤重金属污染及优势植物富集特征

为筛选出适应该地区修复土壤重金属污染的首先目标植物,通过测定河南省平顶山市某煤矿废弃地8种优势植物根际与非根际土壤及植物本身Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn和Pb含量,分析了矿区土壤重金属污染状况及优势植物对重金属元素的富集和转移能力。结果表明,(1)研究区土壤Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu污染最为严重,单因子污染指数分别达到了66.04、5.24、2.89、1.80;内梅罗综合污染指数为47.94,达到重度污染级别。(2)猪毛蒿(Artemisiascoparia)地上部分、紫马唐(Digitaria violascens)地上部分和根部Cd含量分别超标1.52、1.25和1.35倍,全叶马兰(Kalimeris integrifolia)根部、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)地上部分和根部Cr含量分别超标1.30、3.06和1.79倍,并且狗尾草地上部分Pb含量超标1.71倍。(3)苍耳(Siberia Cocklebur)对Cd和Cu的生物富集系数和生物转移系数均大于1,对Cu的生物转移系数高达4.939。狗尾草对Cd、Cr、Pb的生物转移系数均大于1,且对Cr的生物富集系数大于1,对Pb的生物转移系数高达3.883。蒙古蒿(Artemisia mongolica)对Cr和Pb的生物转移系数均大于3,且对Cd的生物富集系数大于1。猪毛蒿对Cd的生物富集系数和生物转移系数均大于1。研究表明,平顶山矿区矸石山周边土壤是受重金属Cd-Cr-Pb-Cu复合污染的土壤。苍耳、猪毛蒿、蒙古蒿和狗尾草具有较强的富集重金属的能力,可作为治理该地区环境污染的目标植物。

极端干旱事件后湿地落干土壤微生物和酶活性研究

以极端干旱事件后的白龟山库区湿地落干土壤为研究对象,通过野外采样和室内测试分析,研究土壤微生物数量、酶活性、土壤养分特征及空间差异性.结果表明:土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别为40.83×10~6~115.78×10~6,g^(-1)、1.62×10~6~27.14×10~6,g^(-1)、0.55×10~6~1.29×10~6,g^(-1),细菌数量较高,真菌和放线菌数量较低;砂质样地的土壤微生物数量普遍低于泥质样地;土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性在砂质样地亦较低;土壤微生物数量指标、酶活性指标与土壤有机质含量或土壤全氮含量均呈不显著的正相关(P>0.05),可能由于土壤落干时间相对较短,土壤有机质的矿质化作用尚未进行到一定程度;全磷和全钾含量较高可能对土壤酶具有一定的抑制作用.白龟山库区湿地在极端干旱事件干扰后进行保护和管理需关注土壤性质的空间异质性以及干扰的持续时间等.

SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC PROPERTY OF POLYSTYRENE SUPPORTED GLUTAMIC ACID SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX OF Mn(Ⅱ) IN AEROBIC OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE

The polystyrene supported glutamic acid Schiff base complex of Mn （ Ⅱ ） （PS-Sal-Glue-Mn） was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer beads, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, L-glutamic acid and manganese （ Ⅱ ） acetate tetrahyrate. The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT-IR, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and 1CP-AES. In the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene （1） was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2-cyclohexen-l-ol （2）, 2-cyclohexen-l-one （3） and 2-cyclohexen-1- hydroperoxide （4）, which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.

SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC PROPERTY OF POLYSTYRENE SUPPORTED PHENYLALANINE SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX OF Mn(Ⅱ) IN AEROBIC OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE

The polystyrene supported phenylalanine Schiff base complex of Mn（Ⅱ） （PS-Sal-Phe-Mn ） was prepared with chloromethylated styrene polymer heads, 2 L-phenylalanine and manganese （Ⅱ） acetate tetrahyrate., The polymeric ligand and the complex were characterized by FT.IR,, small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and ICP-AES. in the presence of the manganese complex, cyclohexene （1） was effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without reductant. The major products of the reaction were 2.cyclohexen-l-ol （2）, 2-cyclohexen-l-one （3）and 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide （4）, which was different with typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The influence of reaction temperature and additive for oxidation had been studied. The selectivity of 2-cyclohexen-l-hydroperoxide varied with reaction time and different additives. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation had also been discussed.

POLYMER BOUND TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES FOR CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN

Polymer-bound Schiff-base ligand (PS-Sal-Cys) was prepared from the polystyrene-bound salicylaldehyde and L-cysteine, its complex (PS-Sal-Cys-Mn) was also synthesized. The polymer ligand and its complex were characterized by infrared spectra (IR), small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectro (ICP-AES). In the presence of complex, cyclohexane can be effectively oxidized by molecular oxygen without a reductant. The major products of the reaction are 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, 2-cyclohexen-1-one, and 2-cyclohexen-1-hydroperoxide, which is different from the typical oxidation of cyclohexene. The mechanism of cyclohexene oxidation is also discussed.

国内外小麦种质主要矿质元素含量的评价分析

矿质元素在人类新陈代谢中发挥着重要作用,提高矿质元素含量是小麦品质育种主要目标之一。为了了解小麦种质籽粒矿质养分状况并为小麦品质改良提供优良育种材料,本研究采用原子吸收法对214份国内外小麦种质的Cu、Ca、Fe和Zn 4种矿质元素进行了测定、分析。结果表明,供试小麦种质的4种矿质元素存在着较丰富的遗传变异,其变异系数分布在31.05%～67.46%之间;中国不同地区小麦种质的矿质元素存在较大差异,其中,以山东、江苏、四川、河南等主产区的小麦种质矿质元素含量较高;4种矿质元素中除Ca外,其余3种元素间均呈极显著正相关,这对小麦矿质元素综合提升比较有利。研究也筛选出了每种矿质元素含量最高的部分小麦种质,在以后品质育种中应重视对这些种质的利用。