水韭属(Iso?tes)是一类世界广布的石松类植物,本文报道了在云南省发现的一个新的水韭属居群。该居群为六倍体群体,染色体数目为66条。利用扫描电镜对其进行孢子观察,发现其大孢子赤道面直径为470~500μm(平均480μm),近极面和远极面纹...水韭属(Iso?tes)是一类世界广布的石松类植物,本文报道了在云南省发现的一个新的水韭属居群。该居群为六倍体群体,染色体数目为66条。利用扫描电镜对其进行孢子观察,发现其大孢子赤道面直径为470~500μm(平均480μm),近极面和远极面纹饰均为网格状,小孢子表面为棘刺状纹饰,与之前国内记载的六倍体物种东方水韭(Isoetes orientalis Hong Liu&Q. F. Wang)不同,基于叶绿体基因组数据重建的系统发育结构支持该物种是一个独立物种,最终将其确定为一个新物种,命名为青锋水韭(I. fengii Y. F. Gu&Y. H. Yan)。青锋水韭与二倍体云贵水韭(I. yunguiensis Q. F. Wang&W. C. Taylor)在叶和大孢子形态上较为相似,但后者的小孢子表面为瘤状突起且孢子囊为卵形;而与六倍体宽叶水韭(I. japonica A. Braun)的区别在于后者的小孢子表面光滑。青锋水韭目前仅在云南省紫溪山森林公园发现两个居群,且数目很少,根据IUCN红色名录评估标准,将青锋水韭评为极危(CR)等级。本文编制了中国已知水韭属物种的分种检索表,以期为本属物种的鉴定和保护工作提供参考。展开更多
Chronic diseases have drawn much attention as the primary cause of death and disability. In exploring novel sideeffect-free agents against chronic diseases, significant efforts have been devoted to mushroom polysaccha...Chronic diseases have drawn much attention as the primary cause of death and disability. In exploring novel sideeffect-free agents against chronic diseases, significant efforts have been devoted to mushroom polysaccharides due to their diverse biological activities. This work reviewed the structural features, biological performances and molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides in managing cancers, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The potentials of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases highly depend on their structural features, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, the type and configuration of glycosidic bonds, degree of branching, the type of substituent pattern and chain conformation. Regarding their working mechanisms, shared and diseasespecific pathways were found. The three chronic diseases shared the regulation of specific signalling pathways and the adjustment of gut microbiota. In addition, the roles of transcription factors, receptors, enzymes, hormones and other functional proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases are first elaborated herein. The present review describes the state of the art of mushroom polysaccharides in treating chronic diseases and addresses the perspectives, and will further promote research on this topic.展开更多
文摘水韭属(Iso?tes)是一类世界广布的石松类植物,本文报道了在云南省发现的一个新的水韭属居群。该居群为六倍体群体,染色体数目为66条。利用扫描电镜对其进行孢子观察,发现其大孢子赤道面直径为470~500μm(平均480μm),近极面和远极面纹饰均为网格状,小孢子表面为棘刺状纹饰,与之前国内记载的六倍体物种东方水韭(Isoetes orientalis Hong Liu&Q. F. Wang)不同,基于叶绿体基因组数据重建的系统发育结构支持该物种是一个独立物种,最终将其确定为一个新物种,命名为青锋水韭(I. fengii Y. F. Gu&Y. H. Yan)。青锋水韭与二倍体云贵水韭(I. yunguiensis Q. F. Wang&W. C. Taylor)在叶和大孢子形态上较为相似,但后者的小孢子表面为瘤状突起且孢子囊为卵形;而与六倍体宽叶水韭(I. japonica A. Braun)的区别在于后者的小孢子表面光滑。青锋水韭目前仅在云南省紫溪山森林公园发现两个居群,且数目很少,根据IUCN红色名录评估标准,将青锋水韭评为极危(CR)等级。本文编制了中国已知水韭属物种的分种检索表,以期为本属物种的鉴定和保护工作提供参考。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0400204-2)。
文摘Chronic diseases have drawn much attention as the primary cause of death and disability. In exploring novel sideeffect-free agents against chronic diseases, significant efforts have been devoted to mushroom polysaccharides due to their diverse biological activities. This work reviewed the structural features, biological performances and molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides in managing cancers, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The potentials of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases highly depend on their structural features, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, the type and configuration of glycosidic bonds, degree of branching, the type of substituent pattern and chain conformation. Regarding their working mechanisms, shared and diseasespecific pathways were found. The three chronic diseases shared the regulation of specific signalling pathways and the adjustment of gut microbiota. In addition, the roles of transcription factors, receptors, enzymes, hormones and other functional proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases are first elaborated herein. The present review describes the state of the art of mushroom polysaccharides in treating chronic diseases and addresses the perspectives, and will further promote research on this topic.
