There are eight provinces and autonomous regions(Gansu Province,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tibet Autonomous Region,Qinghai Province,Shanxi Province,...There are eight provinces and autonomous regions(Gansu Province,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tibet Autonomous Region,Qinghai Province,Shanxi Province,and Shaanxi Province)in Northwest China,most areas of which are located in arid and semi-arid regions(northwest of the 400 mm precipitation line),accounting for 58.74%of the country's land area and sustaining approximately 7.84×10^6 people.Because of drought conditions and fragile ecology,these regions cannot develop agriculture at the expense of the environment.Given the challenges of global warming,the green total factor productivity(GTFP),taking CO2 emissions as an undesirable output,is an effective index for measuring the sustainability of agricultural development.Agricultural GTFP can be influenced by both internal production factors(labor force,machinery,land,agricultural plastic film,diesel,pesticide,and fertilizer)and external climate factors(temperature,precipitation,and sunshine duration).In this study,we used the Super-slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model to measure agricultural GTFP during the period 2000-2016 at the regional level.Our results show that the average agricultural GTFP of most provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions underwent a fluctuating increase during the study period(2000-2016),and the fluctuation was caused by the production factors(input and output factors).To improve agricultural GTFP,Shaanxi,Shanxi,and Gansu should reduce agricultural labor force input;Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,and Shanxi should decrease machinery input;Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,and Shanxi should reduce fertilizer input;Shaanxi,Xinjiang,Gansu,and Ningxia should reduce diesel input;Xinjiang and Gansu should decrease plastic film input;and Gansu,Shanxi,and Inner Mongolia should cut pesticide input.Desirable output agricultural earnings should be increased in Qinghai and Tibet,and undesirable output(CO2 emissions)should be reduced in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Gansu,and Shaanxi.Agricultural GTFP is influenced not only by internal production factors but also by external climate factors.To determine the influence of climate factors on GTFP in these provinces and autonomous regions,we used a Geographical Detector(Geodetector)model to analyze the influence of climate factors(temperature,precipitation,and sunshine duration)and identify the relationships between different climate factors and GTFP.We found that temperature played a significant role in the spatial heterogeneity of GTFP among provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions.For Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,and Tibet,a suitable average annual temperature would be in the range of 7℃-9℃;for Gansu,Shanxi,and Ningxia,it would be 11℃-13℃;and for Shaanxi,it would be 15℃-17℃.Stable climatic conditions and more efficient production are prerequisites for the development of sustainable agriculture.Hence,in the agricultural production process,reducing the redundancy of input factors is the best way to reduce CO2 emissions and to maintain temperatures,thereby improving the agricultural GTFP.The significance of this study is that it explores the impact of both internal production factors and external climatic factors on the development of sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions,identifying an effective way forward for the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China.展开更多
目的:通过对比免疫相关不良反应(irAE)发生前后血常规中主要指标的变化,为鉴别诊断irAE及感染性炎症提供新依据。方法:回顾性分析201例2018年8月至2022年6月在河南省肿瘤医院接受抗PD-1抗体治疗后出现irAE的肿瘤患者的临床资料,包括抗P...目的:通过对比免疫相关不良反应(irAE)发生前后血常规中主要指标的变化,为鉴别诊断irAE及感染性炎症提供新依据。方法:回顾性分析201例2018年8月至2022年6月在河南省肿瘤医院接受抗PD-1抗体治疗后出现irAE的肿瘤患者的临床资料,包括抗PD-1抗体治疗前、发生irAE前及irAE后血常规的主要指标,采用配对t检验分析治疗前后血常规指标值的统计学差异。采用定性变量的配对χ^(2)检验分析治疗前后血常规指标值的阳性率(高于正常值的比例)的统计学差异。结果:从201例患者中观察到了258次irAE,其中27例(13.4%)患者发生了2种及以上类型的irAE,214次(82.94%)irAE未引起发热;irAE发生后与抗PD-1抗体治疗前相比,白细胞计数(t=1.087,P=0.278)、中性粒细胞计数(t=0.959,P=0.338)及中性粒细胞百分比(t=0.817,P=0.414)未见明显升高,且三指标高于正常值的病例数分别为28 vs 38(χ^(2)=1.737,P=0.187)、32 vs 44(χ^(2)=2.222,P=0.136)、45 vs 55(χ^(2)=1.240,P=0.265),差异均无统计学意义。结论:irAE发生后患者外周血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数及中性粒细胞百分比无明显变化,这对鉴别诊断感染性炎症可能具有参考意义。展开更多
The China National Blue Bay Remediation Action Plan(NBBRAP)is a crucial step towards achieving the overall goal of building a maritime power and a beautiful ocean.This paper presents the resource-environment-economy(R...The China National Blue Bay Remediation Action Plan(NBBRAP)is a crucial step towards achieving the overall goal of building a maritime power and a beautiful ocean.This paper presents the resource-environment-economy(REE)composite system from the three-dimensional perspective of REE.Especially,through the coordination degree model of the composite system based on the order degree of subsystems,empirical analysis of the coordination degree of the REE composite system in a typical coastal city Qingdao from 2005 to 2016 was carried out.Results indicate that the degree of coordination and interactive coordination of the REE composite system in Qingdao were in a low-quality state.Qingdao's economy development depended largely on the expense of over-exploitation of resources and environmental degradation in 2013-2015.Government policy implementation was less persistent in 2009-2010 and 2011-2013.The immediate stimulating effect was significant,making the coordination degree of the REE composite system fluctuate in a volatile manner.Analysis of the coordination degree of the REE composite system has practical guiding significance for the successful implementation attainment of the NBBRAP target in Qingdao and is conducive to deepening the learning and promotion of this plan in other coastal cities.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71974176,71473233)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)"Light of West China"Program(2018-XBQNXZ-B-017)+1 种基金the High Level Talent Introduction Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Y942171)the"High Talents Program of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,CAS"(Y871171).
文摘There are eight provinces and autonomous regions(Gansu Province,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tibet Autonomous Region,Qinghai Province,Shanxi Province,and Shaanxi Province)in Northwest China,most areas of which are located in arid and semi-arid regions(northwest of the 400 mm precipitation line),accounting for 58.74%of the country's land area and sustaining approximately 7.84×10^6 people.Because of drought conditions and fragile ecology,these regions cannot develop agriculture at the expense of the environment.Given the challenges of global warming,the green total factor productivity(GTFP),taking CO2 emissions as an undesirable output,is an effective index for measuring the sustainability of agricultural development.Agricultural GTFP can be influenced by both internal production factors(labor force,machinery,land,agricultural plastic film,diesel,pesticide,and fertilizer)and external climate factors(temperature,precipitation,and sunshine duration).In this study,we used the Super-slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model to measure agricultural GTFP during the period 2000-2016 at the regional level.Our results show that the average agricultural GTFP of most provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions underwent a fluctuating increase during the study period(2000-2016),and the fluctuation was caused by the production factors(input and output factors).To improve agricultural GTFP,Shaanxi,Shanxi,and Gansu should reduce agricultural labor force input;Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,and Shanxi should decrease machinery input;Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,and Shanxi should reduce fertilizer input;Shaanxi,Xinjiang,Gansu,and Ningxia should reduce diesel input;Xinjiang and Gansu should decrease plastic film input;and Gansu,Shanxi,and Inner Mongolia should cut pesticide input.Desirable output agricultural earnings should be increased in Qinghai and Tibet,and undesirable output(CO2 emissions)should be reduced in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Gansu,and Shaanxi.Agricultural GTFP is influenced not only by internal production factors but also by external climate factors.To determine the influence of climate factors on GTFP in these provinces and autonomous regions,we used a Geographical Detector(Geodetector)model to analyze the influence of climate factors(temperature,precipitation,and sunshine duration)and identify the relationships between different climate factors and GTFP.We found that temperature played a significant role in the spatial heterogeneity of GTFP among provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions.For Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,and Tibet,a suitable average annual temperature would be in the range of 7℃-9℃;for Gansu,Shanxi,and Ningxia,it would be 11℃-13℃;and for Shaanxi,it would be 15℃-17℃.Stable climatic conditions and more efficient production are prerequisites for the development of sustainable agriculture.Hence,in the agricultural production process,reducing the redundancy of input factors is the best way to reduce CO2 emissions and to maintain temperatures,thereby improving the agricultural GTFP.The significance of this study is that it explores the impact of both internal production factors and external climatic factors on the development of sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions,identifying an effective way forward for the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China.
文摘目的:通过对比免疫相关不良反应(irAE)发生前后血常规中主要指标的变化,为鉴别诊断irAE及感染性炎症提供新依据。方法:回顾性分析201例2018年8月至2022年6月在河南省肿瘤医院接受抗PD-1抗体治疗后出现irAE的肿瘤患者的临床资料,包括抗PD-1抗体治疗前、发生irAE前及irAE后血常规的主要指标,采用配对t检验分析治疗前后血常规指标值的统计学差异。采用定性变量的配对χ^(2)检验分析治疗前后血常规指标值的阳性率(高于正常值的比例)的统计学差异。结果:从201例患者中观察到了258次irAE,其中27例(13.4%)患者发生了2种及以上类型的irAE,214次(82.94%)irAE未引起发热;irAE发生后与抗PD-1抗体治疗前相比,白细胞计数(t=1.087,P=0.278)、中性粒细胞计数(t=0.959,P=0.338)及中性粒细胞百分比(t=0.817,P=0.414)未见明显升高,且三指标高于正常值的病例数分别为28 vs 38(χ^(2)=1.737,P=0.187)、32 vs 44(χ^(2)=2.222,P=0.136)、45 vs 55(χ^(2)=1.240,P=0.265),差异均无统计学意义。结论:irAE发生后患者外周血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数及中性粒细胞百分比无明显变化,这对鉴别诊断感染性炎症可能具有参考意义。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71974176,71473233)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Nos.18VSJ067,14ZDB151)。
文摘The China National Blue Bay Remediation Action Plan(NBBRAP)is a crucial step towards achieving the overall goal of building a maritime power and a beautiful ocean.This paper presents the resource-environment-economy(REE)composite system from the three-dimensional perspective of REE.Especially,through the coordination degree model of the composite system based on the order degree of subsystems,empirical analysis of the coordination degree of the REE composite system in a typical coastal city Qingdao from 2005 to 2016 was carried out.Results indicate that the degree of coordination and interactive coordination of the REE composite system in Qingdao were in a low-quality state.Qingdao's economy development depended largely on the expense of over-exploitation of resources and environmental degradation in 2013-2015.Government policy implementation was less persistent in 2009-2010 and 2011-2013.The immediate stimulating effect was significant,making the coordination degree of the REE composite system fluctuate in a volatile manner.Analysis of the coordination degree of the REE composite system has practical guiding significance for the successful implementation attainment of the NBBRAP target in Qingdao and is conducive to deepening the learning and promotion of this plan in other coastal cities.
