Objective The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of lanthanum and to determine the no observed adverse effect level（NOAEL）,which is a critical factor in the establishment of an acceptab...Objective The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of lanthanum and to determine the no observed adverse effect level（NOAEL）,which is a critical factor in the establishment of an acceptable dietary intake（ADI）.Methods In accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD） testing guidelines,lanthanum nitrate was administered once daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats at dose levels of 0,1.5,6.0,24.0,and 144.0 mg/kg body weight（BW） per day for 90 days,followed by a recovery period of 4 weeks in the 144.0 mg/kg BW per day and normal control groups.Outcome parameters were mortality,clinical symptoms,body and organ weights,serum chemistry,and food consumption,as well as ophthalmic,urinary,hematologic,and histopathologic indicators.The benchmark dose（BMD） approach was applied to estimate a point of departure for the hazard risk assessment of lanthanum.Results Significant decreases were found in the 144.0 mg/kg BW group in the growth index,including body weight,organ weights,and food consumption.This study suggests that the NOAEL of lanthanum nitrate is 24.0 mg/kg BW per day.Importantly,the 95% lower confidence value of the benchmark dose（BMDL） was estimated as 9.4 mg/kg BW per day in females and 19.3 mg/kg BW per day in males.Conclusion The present subchronic oral exposure toxicity study may provide scientific data for the risk assessment of lanthanum and other rare earth elements（REEs）.展开更多
Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2...Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2Se3@AIPH nanoparticles(NPs)are facilely developed to overcome these problems.Through a one-step method,free radical generator(AIPH)and phase transition material(lauric acid,LA,44-46°C)are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles(Bi2Se3 NPs).Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area,hyperthermia produced by Bi2Se3 not only directly leads to cell death,but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation,which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments.Moreover,Bi2Se3 with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography(CT)imaging capability,which is important for treating area determination.The results exhibit that Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2%photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT,ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT,and 37.77 HU mL mg?1 X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality.Most importantly,the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT,PDT,and following immunotherapy is 99.6%,and even one tumor disappears completely,which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs for the tumor therapy.展开更多
基金supported by China Food Safety Talent Competency Development Initiative:CFSA 523 Programthe National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.81402683]
文摘Objective The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of lanthanum and to determine the no observed adverse effect level（NOAEL）,which is a critical factor in the establishment of an acceptable dietary intake（ADI）.Methods In accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD） testing guidelines,lanthanum nitrate was administered once daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats at dose levels of 0,1.5,6.0,24.0,and 144.0 mg/kg body weight（BW） per day for 90 days,followed by a recovery period of 4 weeks in the 144.0 mg/kg BW per day and normal control groups.Outcome parameters were mortality,clinical symptoms,body and organ weights,serum chemistry,and food consumption,as well as ophthalmic,urinary,hematologic,and histopathologic indicators.The benchmark dose（BMD） approach was applied to estimate a point of departure for the hazard risk assessment of lanthanum.Results Significant decreases were found in the 144.0 mg/kg BW group in the growth index,including body weight,organ weights,and food consumption.This study suggests that the NOAEL of lanthanum nitrate is 24.0 mg/kg BW per day.Importantly,the 95% lower confidence value of the benchmark dose（BMDL） was estimated as 9.4 mg/kg BW per day in females and 19.3 mg/kg BW per day in males.Conclusion The present subchronic oral exposure toxicity study may provide scientific data for the risk assessment of lanthanum and other rare earth elements（REEs）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51433004 and 51773096)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.17JCZDJC33500)PCSIRT(IRT1257).
文摘Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2Se3@AIPH nanoparticles(NPs)are facilely developed to overcome these problems.Through a one-step method,free radical generator(AIPH)and phase transition material(lauric acid,LA,44-46°C)are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles(Bi2Se3 NPs).Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area,hyperthermia produced by Bi2Se3 not only directly leads to cell death,but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation,which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments.Moreover,Bi2Se3 with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography(CT)imaging capability,which is important for treating area determination.The results exhibit that Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2%photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT,ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT,and 37.77 HU mL mg?1 X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality.Most importantly,the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT,PDT,and following immunotherapy is 99.6%,and even one tumor disappears completely,which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs for the tumor therapy.
