Test and numerical investigations on static and dynamic characteristics of extra-wide concrete self-anchored suspension bridge under vehicle loads

The present work is aimed at studying the mechanic properties of the extra-wide concrete self-anchored suspension bridge under static and dynamic vehicle loads. Based on the field test using 12 heavy trucks and finite element simulations, the static deformations of different components, stress increments and distributions of the girder, as well as the vibration characteristics and damping ratio of the Hunan Road Bridge were analyzed, which is the widest self-anchored suspension bridge in China at present. The dynamic responses were calculated using the Newmark-β integration method assisted by the simulation models of bridge and vehicles, the influences on the dynamic impact coefficient(DIC) brought by the vehicle parameters, girder width, eccentricity travel and deck flatness were also researched. The spatial effect of the girder is obvious due to the extra width, which performs as the stress increments distribute unevenly along the transverse direction, and the girder deflections and stress increments of the upper plate change as a "V" and "M" shape respectively under the symmetrical vehicle loads affected by the shear lag effect, cross slope and local effect of the wheels, the maximum of stress increments are located in the junctions with the inner webs. The obvious girder torsional deformation and the apparent unevenness of the hanger forces between the two cable planes under the eccentric vehicle loads, together with the mode shapes such as the girder transverse bending and torsion which appear relatively earlier, all reflect the weakened torsional rigidity of the extra-wide girder. The transverse displacements of towers are more obvious than the longitudinal ones. As for the influences on the DIC, the static effect of the heavier vehicles plays a major role when pass through with a higher speed and the changes of vehicle suspension stiffness generate greater impacts than the suspension damp. The values of DIC in the vehicle-running side during the eccentric travel, affected by the restricts from the static effects of the eccentric moving trucks, are significantly smaller than the vehicle-free side, the increase in the road roughness is the most sensitive one among the above influential factors. The results could provide references for the design, static and dynamic response analysis of the similar extra-wide suspension bridges.

时变效应下自锚式悬索桥车载响应演变规律

为研究长服役期内混凝土收缩徐变、环境温度变化对车载作用下自锚式悬索桥主梁应力状态演变的影响规律,建立了山东省湖南路大桥ANSYS精细化实体有限元模型,分析了30 a运营期内混凝土收缩徐变、5~20℃温升工况下超宽箱梁底板的应力变化规律。结果表明:随着桥梁运营年限增加,箱梁底板纵向压应力逐渐减小,30 a期时部分位置出现0.085 MPa的纵向拉应力;箱梁底板与最外侧腹板交接处出现2 MPa的横向拉应力,需优化横向预应力筋的布置方式。桥梁运营30 a时,在1.0~1.6倍对称等效设计活荷载下,箱梁底板与内侧腹板交接处的纵向拉应力达到1.06~2.70 MPa。桥梁运营30 a并且环境温度升高5℃时,在对称等效设计活载下,箱梁底板部分区域的纵向拉应力超过混凝土抗拉强度,20℃温升使得底板最大纵向拉应力达到8.65 MPa。

“321”培养模式下的土木工程递进式实践教学体系

针对高校土木工程专业实践教学环节存在的诸多问题,以南京理工大学土木工程专业为例开展研究。首先,分析了高等教育所面临的变局,提出本科人才培养方案是改革的破局点,实践教学是本科人才培养链条上至关重要的一环;其次,分析了高校土木工程专业实践教学环节存在的问题;最后,介绍了南京理工大学土木工程专业基于“321”人才培养模式的四层次递进式实践教学体系,并详细阐述了课程思政融入点、毕业要求支撑关系、考核方式改革、教学内容更新、线上线下混合式实习平台、青年教师工程实践保障机制等改革措施。

Health monitoring and comparative analysis of time-dependent effect using different prediction models for self-anchored suspension bridge with extra-wide concrete girder

The structural health status of Hunan Road Bridge during its two-year service period from April 2015 to April 2017 was studied based on monitored data.The Hunan Road Bridge is the widest concrete self-anchored suspension bridge in China at present.Its structural changes and safety were evaluated using the health monitoring data,which included deformations,detailed stresses,and vibration characteristics.The influences of the single and dual effects comprising the ambient temperature changes and concrete shrinkage and creep(S&C)were analyzed based on the measured data.The ANSYS beam finite element model was established and validated by the measured bridge completion state.The comparative analyses of the prediction results of long-term concrete S&C effects were conducted using CEB-FIP 90 and B3 prediction models.The age-adjusted effective modulus method was adopted to simulate the aging behavior of concrete.Prestress relaxation was considered in the stepwise calculation.The results show that the transverse deviations of the towers are noteworthy.The spatial effect of the extra-wide girder is significant,as the compressive stress variations at the girder were uneven along the transverse direction.General increase and decrease in the girder compressive stresses were caused by seasonal ambient warming and cooling,respectively.The temperature gradient effects in the main girder were significant.Comparisons with the measured data showed that more accurate prediction results were obtained with the B3 prediction model,which can consider the concrete material parameters,than with the CEB-FIP 90 model.Significant deflection of the midspan girder in the middle region will be caused by the deviations of the cable anchoring positions at the girder ends and tower tops toward the midspan due to concrete S&C.The increase in the compressive stresses at the top plate and decrease in the stresses at the bottom plate at the middle midspan will be significant.The pre-deviations of the towers toward the sidespan and pre-lift of the midspan girder can reduce the adverse influences of concrete S&C on the structural health of the self-anchored suspension bridge with extra-wide concrete girder.

考虑时变效应的车载作用下超宽混凝土自锚式悬索桥性能退化预测

为了研究混凝土收缩徐变效应和环境温度变化对车辆荷载作用下超宽混凝土自锚式悬索桥受力性能的影响,以目前中国最宽的混凝土自锚悬索桥——湖南路大桥为背景开展分析。首先,建立桥梁整体精细化有限元模型,并结合现场荷载试验的实测数据进行验证。其次,预测不同服役龄期时桥梁的结构状态。最后,分析主要构件力学响应的演化规律。研究结果表明,主梁的支座类型对响应的变化趋势有着显著影响。超宽主梁的剪力滞效应和车轮局部效应较为显著。在升温20℃和标准车辆荷载作用下,桥梁服役30年后主塔的最大位移为0.033 m。此外,中跨跨中主梁底板大部分区域的纵向拉应力超过5 MPa。桥梁服役10年后,在偏心车辆荷载作用下,主梁道路中心线处挠度和主梁边缘处挠度之间的差值达到0.07 m。本文研究成果可为类似超宽混凝土自锚式悬索桥的健康监测和安全评价提供重要依据。

150t复吹转炉炉体温度及应力场的有限元分析

转炉在服役过程中,存在炉壳热变形过大、耐火砖破裂等问题,直接影响到设备的安全运行,分析炉体的温度和应力分布,能为优化炉体冷却系统、避免应力集中提供支持。为此,建立包括非水冷式托圈、炉体与悬挂结构的转炉整体有限元模型,考虑炉体与托圈、悬挂之间的相互热辐射,采用ANSYS仿真软件研究炉体的稳态温度场,并对炉体的机械应力和热应力进行分析。结果表明,工作层炉衬热面温度为1600℃时,炉壳的上锥段和炉身部位温度较高,最高可达435℃,接近炉壳的蠕变温度,有限元模拟结果与工业数据基本一致;炉体的热应力要远大于机械应力,炉衬的热面等效应力较大,易出现裂纹;炉壳的温度和应力分布在结构过渡处会有明显突变。研究结果可为炉体冷却和炉型设计提供理论依据。