以高秆突变体高秆1号为试验材料,常规品种N099为对照,利用酶联免疫法测定突变体种子浸泡24 h后种胚中激素含量。结果表明,高秆1号的3种激素GA3、ZR、IAA的含量均高于对照,其中GA3的含量显著高于对照。杂交F1表现为:GA3含量显著高于两亲...以高秆突变体高秆1号为试验材料,常规品种N099为对照,利用酶联免疫法测定突变体种子浸泡24 h后种胚中激素含量。结果表明,高秆1号的3种激素GA3、ZR、IAA的含量均高于对照,其中GA3的含量显著高于对照。杂交F1表现为:GA3含量显著高于两亲本,但ZR、IAA含量比正常株高亲本还要低。这暗示高秆1号是一种GA3富集型突变体;而与ZR、IAA关联不大。采用陆陆杂交群体对高秆基因进行染色体定位,有4个SSR分子标记与Tp基因连锁,分别是NAU2083、NAU4045、NAU2419和NAU4044,位于Tp基因两侧的分子标记为NAU4045和NAU2419,其遗传距离分别为7.4 c M和41.2 c M。由此,将陆地棉的一个高秆突变体基因Tp定位在棉花Chr.1上。展开更多
A novel counter-gravity infiltration casting device and corresponding fabricating process for producing open-celled aluminum foams were presented. The experimental results show that defects such as insufficient or exc...A novel counter-gravity infiltration casting device and corresponding fabricating process for producing open-celled aluminum foams were presented. The experimental results show that defects such as insufficient or excessive infiltrating can hardly be found in the foam samples prepared by counter-gravity infiltration casting. The foam materials exhibit excellent mechanical properties. The void content strongly affects the mechanical properties of aluminum foams. The yield stress and plateau stress significantly increase with the decrease of void content. Raising pre-heating temperature and increasing packing pressure are effective to lower the void content in aluminum foams.展开更多
Sichuan Basin is located in southwestern China and affected by a complex water vapor （WV） sources. Here, the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation and extreme events are investigated by six indices of World...Sichuan Basin is located in southwestern China and affected by a complex water vapor （WV） sources. Here, the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation and extreme events are investigated by six indices of World Meteorology Organization Commission, including annual precipitation total （AP）, maximum daily precipitation （Maxld）, intensity of rainfall over 1 mm/d （IR1）, maximum and mean consecutive dry days （Max CDD, Mean CDD） and coefficient of variance. Based on 24 daily precipitation time series from 1951 to 2o11, Mann-Kendall test is employed to quantify the significant level of these indices, from which the classification of precipitation change and its spatial patterns are obtained. Meanwhile, the probability distributions of these indices are identified by L-moment analysis and the Goodness-of-fit test, and the corresponding values are calculated by theoretical model at different return periods. The results reveal that the western basin displays normal drought： less AP and precipitation intensity while longer drought. The southern basin shows normal increase： larger AP and precipitation intensity but shorter CDD. However, in hilly region of the central basin and the transition zone between basin and mountains, precipitation changes abnormally： increasing both drought （one or both of Mean CDD and MaxCDD） and precipitation intensity （one or both of Maxld and trend of AP is. Probability IR1） no matter what the distribution models also demonstrate the complex patterns： a negative correlation between Maxld and Max CDD in the west （R2≥0.61） while a positive correlation in the east （R2≥0.41） at all return periods. These patterns are induced by the changes in WV sources and the layout of local terrain. The increase of WV in summer and decrease in spring leads to the heavier rainfall and longer drought respectively. The large heat island effect of the basin contributes to a lower temperature in transition zones and more precipitation in the downwind area. These results are helpful in reevaluating the risk regionally and making better decisions on water resources management and disaster prevention.展开更多
Soil hydraulic parameters θs,α,n,Ks,L and θr of the van Genuchten-Mualem model were estimated using three pedotransfer functions(PTFs) based on soil properties for surface soils of the largest main tributary catchm...Soil hydraulic parameters θs,α,n,Ks,L and θr of the van Genuchten-Mualem model were estimated using three pedotransfer functions(PTFs) based on soil properties for surface soils of the largest main tributary catchment(the Jialing River) of the upper Yangtze River in China.The soil database was from the second national soil survey of China with a spatial 30 × 30 arc-second resolution.According to the statistical analysis of the differences between the continuous-PTFs-estimated values of soil hydraulic parameters for the study catchment and the reference values for a specific texture class provided in the development database of a specific PTF,best estimations were obtained using the W?sten PTF.The Rawls & Brakenssiek PTF was good estimation for parameter θr that was assumed as zero by W?sten PTF.The established higher θr(0.08%) and lower Ks(20 cm/d) and θs(0.43%) in the mid-downstream area relative to the other areas of the catchment could lead to larger amounts of surface runoff andconsequently provide higher energy to erode soil.Thus,these factors provide a supporting explanation for previously reported severe soil erosion occurring in this area.Spatial heterogeneity analysis for estimated hydraulic parameters in terms of semivariogram showed that the spatial correlation distance was in the range of 50-80 km and that the spatial variability(sill) was not large except for parameters Ks and L.The semi-variance with the exponential model at the zero distance(nugget) was 30%-50% of the sill.This study provided a practical PTF approach for estimating soil hydraulic properties from soil survey data at a large watershed scale.The estimation results could provide better insight into the mechanism of surface runoff and soil erosion,which is important to better understand and manage erosion in the catchment.展开更多
文摘以高秆突变体高秆1号为试验材料,常规品种N099为对照,利用酶联免疫法测定突变体种子浸泡24 h后种胚中激素含量。结果表明,高秆1号的3种激素GA3、ZR、IAA的含量均高于对照,其中GA3的含量显著高于对照。杂交F1表现为:GA3含量显著高于两亲本,但ZR、IAA含量比正常株高亲本还要低。这暗示高秆1号是一种GA3富集型突变体;而与ZR、IAA关联不大。采用陆陆杂交群体对高秆基因进行染色体定位,有4个SSR分子标记与Tp基因连锁,分别是NAU2083、NAU4045、NAU2419和NAU4044,位于Tp基因两侧的分子标记为NAU4045和NAU2419,其遗传距离分别为7.4 c M和41.2 c M。由此,将陆地棉的一个高秆突变体基因Tp定位在棉花Chr.1上。
基金Project (51074185) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects (CX2009B037, CX2010B120) supported by Doctor Innovative Program of Hunan Province, China
文摘A novel counter-gravity infiltration casting device and corresponding fabricating process for producing open-celled aluminum foams were presented. The experimental results show that defects such as insufficient or excessive infiltrating can hardly be found in the foam samples prepared by counter-gravity infiltration casting. The foam materials exhibit excellent mechanical properties. The void content strongly affects the mechanical properties of aluminum foams. The yield stress and plateau stress significantly increase with the decrease of void content. Raising pre-heating temperature and increasing packing pressure are effective to lower the void content in aluminum foams.
基金funded by open funding of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Big Data(Guizhou University, Grant No.2017BDKFJJ021)Special Science and Technology Funding of Guizhou Province Water Resources Department (KT201707)+1 种基金Guizhou Province Science and Technology Joint Founding (LH [2017]7617)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2016M5 92671)
文摘Sichuan Basin is located in southwestern China and affected by a complex water vapor （WV） sources. Here, the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation and extreme events are investigated by six indices of World Meteorology Organization Commission, including annual precipitation total （AP）, maximum daily precipitation （Maxld）, intensity of rainfall over 1 mm/d （IR1）, maximum and mean consecutive dry days （Max CDD, Mean CDD） and coefficient of variance. Based on 24 daily precipitation time series from 1951 to 2o11, Mann-Kendall test is employed to quantify the significant level of these indices, from which the classification of precipitation change and its spatial patterns are obtained. Meanwhile, the probability distributions of these indices are identified by L-moment analysis and the Goodness-of-fit test, and the corresponding values are calculated by theoretical model at different return periods. The results reveal that the western basin displays normal drought： less AP and precipitation intensity while longer drought. The southern basin shows normal increase： larger AP and precipitation intensity but shorter CDD. However, in hilly region of the central basin and the transition zone between basin and mountains, precipitation changes abnormally： increasing both drought （one or both of Mean CDD and MaxCDD） and precipitation intensity （one or both of Maxld and trend of AP is. Probability IR1） no matter what the distribution models also demonstrate the complex patterns： a negative correlation between Maxld and Max CDD in the west （R2≥0.61） while a positive correlation in the east （R2≥0.41） at all return periods. These patterns are induced by the changes in WV sources and the layout of local terrain. The increase of WV in summer and decrease in spring leads to the heavier rainfall and longer drought respectively. The large heat island effect of the basin contributes to a lower temperature in transition zones and more precipitation in the downwind area. These results are helpful in reevaluating the risk regionally and making better decisions on water resources management and disaster prevention.
基金supported by the“Hundred Talents Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sichuan Province,the National Basic Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2012CB417101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41171372 and 41471268)the CASSAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Team(Grant No.KZZD-EWTZ06)
文摘Soil hydraulic parameters θs,α,n,Ks,L and θr of the van Genuchten-Mualem model were estimated using three pedotransfer functions(PTFs) based on soil properties for surface soils of the largest main tributary catchment(the Jialing River) of the upper Yangtze River in China.The soil database was from the second national soil survey of China with a spatial 30 × 30 arc-second resolution.According to the statistical analysis of the differences between the continuous-PTFs-estimated values of soil hydraulic parameters for the study catchment and the reference values for a specific texture class provided in the development database of a specific PTF,best estimations were obtained using the W?sten PTF.The Rawls & Brakenssiek PTF was good estimation for parameter θr that was assumed as zero by W?sten PTF.The established higher θr(0.08%) and lower Ks(20 cm/d) and θs(0.43%) in the mid-downstream area relative to the other areas of the catchment could lead to larger amounts of surface runoff andconsequently provide higher energy to erode soil.Thus,these factors provide a supporting explanation for previously reported severe soil erosion occurring in this area.Spatial heterogeneity analysis for estimated hydraulic parameters in terms of semivariogram showed that the spatial correlation distance was in the range of 50-80 km and that the spatial variability(sill) was not large except for parameters Ks and L.The semi-variance with the exponential model at the zero distance(nugget) was 30%-50% of the sill.This study provided a practical PTF approach for estimating soil hydraulic properties from soil survey data at a large watershed scale.The estimation results could provide better insight into the mechanism of surface runoff and soil erosion,which is important to better understand and manage erosion in the catchment.
