Complex neutrosophic generalised dice similarity measures and their application to decision making

Complex neutrosophic set(CNS)is a modified version of the complex fuzzy set,to cope with complicated and inconsistent information in the environment of fuzzy set theory.The CNS is characterised by three functions expressing the degree of complex-valued membership,complex-valued abstinence and degree of complex-valued non-membership.The aim of this manuscript is to initiate the novel dice similarity measures and generalised dice similarity using CNS.The special cases of the investigated measures are discussed with the help of some remarks.Moreover,some distance measures based on CNS are also proposed in this manuscript.Then,the authors applied the generalised dice similarity measures and weighted generalised dice similarity measures using CNS to the pattern recognition model to examine the reliability and superiority of the established approaches.The advantages and comparative analysis of the proposed measures with existing measures are also discussed in detail.At last,a numerical example is provided to illustrate the validity and applicability of the presented measures.

Dombi-Normalized Weighted Bonferroni Mean Operators with Novel Multiple-Valued Complex Neutrosophic Uncertain Linguistic Sets and Their Application in Decision Making

Although fuzzy set concepts have evolved,neutrosophic sets are attractingmore attention due to the greater power of the structure of neutrosophic sets.The ability to account for components that are true,false or neither true nor false is useful in the resolution of real-life problems.However,simultaneous variations render neutrosophic sets unsuitable in specific circumstances.To enable the management of these sorts of issues,we combine the principle of multi-valued neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets and complex fuzzy sets to develop the principle of multivalued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets.Multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets can contain grades of truth,abstinence,and falsity,and uncertain linguistic terms,which are expressed as complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are limited to the unit interval.Some important Dombi laws are elaborated along with Bonferroni mean operators,which offer a flexible general structure with modifiable factors.Bonferroni means aggregation operators perform a significant role in conveying the magnitude level of options and characteristics.To determine relationships among any number of attributes,we develop multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic Dombi-normalized weighted Bonferroni mean operators and discuss their important properties with some special cases.By using these laws,we can deploy themulti-attribute decisionmaking(MADM)technique using the novel principle of multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets.To determine the power and flexibility of the elaborated approach,we resolve some numerical examples based on the proposed operator.Finally,the work is validated with the help of comparative analysis,a discussion of its advantages,and geometric expressions of the elaborated theories.

Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation of Hydroquinone in Skin Whitening Cosmetics

Hydroquinone has been used for decades as a skin lightening agent. Its use in cosmetics has been banned as a result of skin problems including contact dermatitis and ochronosis. A total of 22 samples of different skin whitening cosmetics were collected from local market. They were analyzed by using thin layer chromatography and HPLC for qualitative and quantitative determination of their hydroquinone contents. The hydroquinone was extracted from samples by using 96% ethanol and was subjected to TLC analysis. Eleven out of 22 samples were found to contain hydroquinone. The HPLC analysis showed the concentration of hydroquinone ranged from 0.002% to 0.092% in the cosmetic samples.

Analysis of TOPSIS techniques based on bipolar complex fuzzy N-soft setting and their applications in decision-making problems

A novel model termed a bipolar complex fuzzy N-soft set(BCFN-SS)is initiated for tackling information that involves positive and negative aspects,the second dimension,and parameterised grading simultaneously.The theory of BCFN-SS is the generalisation of two various theories,that is,bipolar complex fuzzy(BCF)and N-SS.The invented model of BCFN-SS helps decision-makers to cope with the genuine-life dilemmas containing BCF information along with parameterised grading at the same time.Further,various algebraic operations,including the usual type of union,intersection,complements,and a few others types,are invented.Certain primary operational laws for BCFNSS are also invented.Moreover,a technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution(TOPSIS)approach is devised in the setting of BCFN-SS for managing strategic decision-making(DM)dilemmas containing BCFN-SS information.Keeping in mind the usefulness and benefits of the TOPSIS approach,two various types of TOPSIS approaches in the environment of BCFN-SS are devised and then a numerical example for exposing the usefulness of the devised TOPSIS approach is interpreted.To disclose the prominence and benefits of the devised work,the devised approaches with numerous prevailing work are compared.

Trimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Nanoframe Superstructures: A Stress-Buffering Architecture Engineering of Anode Material toward Boosted Lithium Storage Performance

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)can serve as prevailing anodes for lithium-ion batteries,due to their multiple redox-active sites and prominent structural compatibility.However,the poor electronic conductivity and inferior cyclability hinder their further implementation.Herein,a synthetic methodology for trimetallic Fe-Co-Ni MOFs with nanoframe superstructures architecture(Fe-Co-Ni NFSs)via structural evolution is proposed for versatile anode materials for lithium storage.Ascribed to optimal compositional and structural optimization,the Fe-Co-Ni NFSs achieve exceptional electrochemical performance with superior specific capacity(1030 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1)),outstanding rate capacity(414 mAh g^(−1) at 2 A g^(−1)),and prolonged cyclability(489 mAh g^(−1) upon 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(−1)).Both experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the multi-component metal centers could boost electronic conductivity,confer multiple active sites,and energetically favor Li adsorption capability.Additionally,the nanoframe superstructures of Fe-Co-Ni NFSs could facilitate stress-buffering effect on volumetric expansion and prevent electrode pulverization,further improving the lithium storage capability.This work envisions a meticulous protocol for high-performance MOF anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Aggregation operators and CRITIC-VIKOR method for confidence complex q-rung orthopair normal fuzzy information and their applications

Supply chain management is an essential part of an organisation's sustainable programme.Understanding the concentration of natural environment,public,and economic influence and feasibility of your suppliers and purchasers is becoming progressively familiar as all industries are moving towards a massive sustainable potential.To handle such sort of developments in supply chain management the involvement of fuzzy settings and their generalisations is playing an important role.Keeping in mind this role,the aim of this study is to analyse the role and involvement of complex q-rung orthopair normal fuzzy(CQRONF)information in supply chain management.The major impact of this theory is to analyse the notion of confidence CQRONF weighted averaging,confidence CQRONF ordered weighted averaging,confidence CQRONF hybrid averaging,confidence CQRONF weighted geometric,confidence CQRONF ordered weighted geometric,confidence CQRONF hybrid geometric operators and try to diagnose various properties and results.Furthermore,with the help of the CRITIC and VIKOR models,we diagnosed the novel theory of the CQRONF-CRITIC-VIKOR model to check the sensitivity analysis of the initiated method.Moreover,in the availability of diagnosed operators,we constructed a multi-attribute decision-making tool for finding a beneficial sustainable supplier to handle complex dilemmas.Finally,the initiated operator's efficiency is proved by comparative analysis.

A novel extended Portuguese of Interactive and Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Archimedean Bonferroni mean operators based on prospect theory to select green supplier with complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy information

The word sustainable or green supply chain refers to the concept of incorporating sustainable environmental procedures into the traditional supply chain.Green supply chain management gives a chance to revise procedures,materials and operational ideas.Choosing the fuzziness of assessing data and the spiritual situations of experts in the decision-making procedure are two important issues.The main contribution of this analysis is to derive the theory of Archimedean Bonferroni mean operator for complex qrung orthopair fuzzy(CQROF)information,called the CQROF Archimedean Bonferroni mean and CQROF weighted Archimedean Bonferroni mean operators which are very valuable,dominant and classical type of aggregation operators used for examining the interrelationship among the finite number of attributes in modern data fusion theory.Inspirational and well-used properties of the initiated theories are also diagnosed with some special cases.Additionally,the theory of extended TODIM tool using the prospect theory based on CQROF information was discovered,which play an essential and critical role in the environment of fuzzy set theory.Finally,a real life problem by computing a green supply chain management based on the initiated CQROF operators was evaluated and fully illustrating the feasibility and efficiency of the diagnosed work with the help of a comparison between existing and prevailing theories.

基于PCR-化学发光的HBV/HCV/HIV并行核酸检测试剂盒的评价

目的:评价一种基于PCR与化学发光技术并行检测血液中HBV/HCV/HIV的试剂盒。方法:使用自制的磁珠及试剂提取病毒核酸,利用多重PCR、特异性探针及化学发光法检测目标病毒核酸的信息,评价试剂盒的灵敏度、特异性及稳定性等。结果:本试剂盒灵敏度高,特异性和稳定性好,能够同时检测出HBV、HCV和HIV的极限值分别为2.0、3.7和166.6 U/m L,对于可能产生干扰的10种病毒和2种细菌的病原体无交叉反应,有效期约12个月。在健康献血者10 422例酶免疫分析法合格标本中,筛查出HBV DNA核酸阳性标本12例和HCV RNA核酸阳性标本2例,与国家批准的血液筛查核酸试剂平行检测结果一致。结论:该试剂盒快速、准确、高灵敏、低成本,适用于基因诊断及流行病学调查。

Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering

Tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged cartilage and bone tissue. Among the scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications, injectable hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for use as three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds in cartilage and bone tissue engineering, owing to their high water content, similarity to the natural extracellular matrix(ECM), porous framework for cell transplantation and proliferation, minimal invasive properties, and ability to match irregular defects. In this review, we describe the selection of appropriate biomaterials and fabrication methods to prepare novel injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. In addition, the biology of cartilage and the bony ECM is also summarized. Finally, future perspectives for injectable hydrogels in cartilage and bone tissue engineering are discussed.

Unfolding the structural features of NASICON materials for sodium-ion full cells

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are potential candidates for the replacement of lithium-ion batteries to meet the increasing demands of electrical storage systems due to the low cost and high abundance of sodium.Sodium superionic conductor(NASICON)structured materials have attracted enormous interest in recent years as electrode materials for safer and long-term performance of SIBs for electric energy storage smart grids.These materials have a threedimensional robust framework,high redox potential,thermal stability,and a fast Na^(+)-ion diffusion mechanism.However,NASICON has low intrinsic electronic conductivity,which limits the electrochemical performance.This review describes the structural features of NASICONs to illustrate the ion storage mechanism and electrochemical performance of SIBs.Details of the NASICON crystal structure,the affiliated Na^(+)-ion diffusion mechanism,morphology,and electrochemical performance of these materials in sodiumion half-cells as well as full cells are described.In addition to the application as electrode materials,the use of NASICONs as solid electrolytes is also elaborated in solid-state SIBs.Based on these aspects,we have provided more perspectives in terms of the commercialization of SIBs and strategies to overcome the limitations of NASICONs.Hence,this review is expected to provide the researchers of energy storage with an in-depth understanding of NASICON materials with the knowledge of structural features,which will provide a new avenue on the practicality of SIBs.

Power Aggregation Operators and Similarity Measures Based on Improved Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets and their Applications to Multiple Attribute Decision Making

Intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy set(IHFS)is amixture of two separated notions called intuitionistic fuzzy set(IFS)and hesitant fuzzy set(HFS),as an important technique to cope with uncertain and awkward information in realistic decision issues.IHFS contains the grades of truth and falsity in the formof the subset of the unit interval.The notion of IHFS was defined by many scholars with different conditions,which contain several weaknesses.Here,keeping in view the problems of already defined IHFSs,we will define IHFS in another way so that it becomes compatible with other existing notions.To examine the interrelationship between any numbers of IHFSs,we combined the notions of power averaging(PA)operators and power geometric(PG)operators with IHFSs to present the idea of intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy PA(IHFPA)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy PG(IHFPG)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power weighted average(IHFPWA)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power ordered weighted average(IHFPOWA)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power ordered weighted geometric(IHFPOWG)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power hybrid average(IHFPHA)operators,intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy power hybrid geometric(IHFPHG)operators and examined as well their fundamental properties.Some special cases of the explored work are also discovered.Additionally,the similarity measures based on IHFSs are presented and their advantages are discussed along examples.Furthermore,we initiated a new approach to multiple attribute decision making(MADM)problem applying suggested operators and a mathematical model is solved to develop an approach and to establish its common sense and adequacy.Advantages,comparative analysis,and graphical representation of the presented work are elaborated to show the reliability and effectiveness of the presented works.

Cubic q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Linguistic Set and Their Application to Multiattribute Decision-making with Muirhead Mean Operator

The objective of this paper is to present a new concept,named cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy linguistic set(Cq-ROFLS),to quantify the uncertainty in the information.The proposed Cq-ROFLS is a qualitative form of cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy set,where membership degrees and nonmembership degrees are represented in terms of linguistic variables.The basic notions of Cq-ROFLS have been introduced and study their basic operations and properties.Furthermore,to aggregate the different pairs of preferences,we introduce the Cq-ROFL Muirhead mean-(MM),weighted MM-,dual MM-based operators.The major advantage of considering the MM is that it considers the interrelationship between more than two arguments at a time.On the other hand,the Cq-ROFLS has the ability to describe the qualitative information in terms of linguistic variables.Several properties and relation of the derived operators are argued.In addition,we also investigate multiattribute decision-making problems under the Cq-ROFLS environment and illustrate with a numerical example.Finally,the effectiveness and advantages of the work are established by comparing with other methods.

Novel Complex T-Spherical Dual Hesitant Uncertain Linguistic Muirhead Mean Operators and Their Application in Decision-Making

In this manuscript,the theory of complex T-spherical dual hesitant uncertain linguistic set is discovered,which is the mixture of three different ideas like the complex T-spherical fuzzy set,dual hesitant fuzzy set,and uncertain linguistic set.The complex T-spherical dual hesitant uncertain linguistic set composes the uncertain linguistic set,truth grade,abstinence grade,and falsity grade.Whose real and imaginary parts are the subset of a unit interval,and some of their operational laws are also presented.The theory of complex T-spherical dual hesitant uncertain linguistic Muirhead mean operator,complex T-spherical dual hesitant uncertain linguistic weighted Muirhead mean operator,complex T-spherical dual hesitant uncertain linguistic dual Muirhead mean operator and complex T-spherical dual hesitant uncertain linguistic weighted dual Muirhead mean operator are discovered.Some exceptional cases of the proposed operators are also examined.A multi-attribute decision making technique is further utilized based on explored operators.Moreover,an enterprise informatization level evaluation issue is resolved by using the presented operators to verify the proficiency and capability of the discovered approaches.Finally,some comparative analysis and advantages of the explored works are further developed to express that it is more flexible and effective than the existing methods.

Dengue virus infection:A review of advances in the emerging rapid detection methods

Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems are essentially required due to lack of effective vaccine against dengue virus and the progressive spread of the dengue virus infection.The recent progress in developing micro-and nano-fabrication techniques has led to low cost and scale down the biomedical point-of-care devices.Starting from the conventional and modern available methods for the diagnosis of dengue infection,this review examines several emerging rapid and point-of-care diagnostic devices that hold significant potential for the progress in smart diagnosis tools.The given review revealed that an effective vaccine is required urgently against all the dengue virus serotypes.However,the rapid detection methods of dengue virus help in early treatment and significantly reduce the dengue virus outbreak.

CHFS: Complex hesitant fuzzy sets‐their applications to decision making with different and innovative distance measures

The objective of the authors is to establish an innovative concept of the complex hesitant fuzzy set(CHFS),which is the combination of the hesitant fuzzy set and the complex fuzzy set to manage complex and awkward information in the real‐decision theory.The structure and the basic properties of the proposed set are studied in detail.Based on the internal structure of the set and to find the degree of the discrimination between the pairs of the CHFSs,the generalized distance measures and modified generalized distance measures are defined.Several properties and their relationship between them are derived in detail.Also,several cases of the proposed measures are exposed which reduce them to the existing studies.Furthermore,based on these proposed measures,a decision‐making approach is established under the uncertain environment and several numerical examples are given to examine the feasibility and validity of the explored measures.Finally,the credibility of the modified and parameterized distance measures based on CHFSs is verified by comparing them with some existing measures.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

Synthesis of aptamer-functionalized Ag nanoclusters for MCF-7 breast cancer cells imaging

Aptamer-functionalized silver nanoclusters(Ag NCs) have been attracting a lot of interest as label-free probes which have been successfully applied to both cell imaging and molecular detection.MUCl aptamer is an ssDNA aptamer that specifically binds to MUCl mucin which is a large transmembrane glycoprotein whose expression level increases at least 10-fold in primary and metastatic breast cancers.Using C4A4C3-linker-MUCl as template,the Ag NCs were synthesized through one-pot process.The fluorescence intensity of Ag NCs was found to be closely related to the length and type(poly adenine or thymine) of the linker,the optimum linker being-AAAAA-.Using the C4A4C3-A5-MUC1 as the scaffold,the synthesized Ag NCs emitted fluorescence with high quantum yield(QY) of 66.5%.Based on the specific interaction between the MUCl aptamer and MUCl mucin,the C4A4C3-A5-MUC1-stabilized Ag NCs could recognize and differentiate the MCF-7 breast cancer cells from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and A549 human lung cancer cells.

Temperature and Tumor Microenvironment Dual Responsive Mesoporous Magnetic Nanospheres for Magnetothermal Effect-Induced Cancer Theranostics

The development of smart drug delivery systems(SDDSs)based on engineered nanomaterials is important for clinical applications.Nevertheless,controllable administration of chemotherapeutic drugs for deep tumors and the avoidance of side effects caused by off-targeting during delivery remain a great challenge.Herein,a stimulus-responsive system of mesoporous nanospheres(composed of Cu@Fe_(2)C@mSiO_(2))with good magnetothermal effect is introduced into the tumor microenvironment.This system plays an important role in image-guided controllable targeted drug delivery that is independent of tumor depth.Aggregation-induced emission luminogen-based fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging were utilized since these techniques visualize the delivery process in real time.In addition,the degraded nanocarriers showed high catalytic activity for Fenton and Fenton-like reactions,upregulating the level of hydroxyl radicals(•OH)in cancer cells to realize chemodynamic therapy.The induced•OH led to the overexpression of pho-STAT3,activating the STAT3 signaling pathway,eventually inducing cancer cell apoptosis.Through metabolic monitoring,this SDDS is removed from the body after its degradation in vivo.The synergistically enhanced therapeutic effect was obtained in the chemo-chemodynamic therapy of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice,offering a platform for efficient cancer therapy with a personalized theranostic strategy.

Monodisperse Fe3O4 spheres: Large-scale controlled synthesis in the absence of surfactants and chemical kinetic process

Fe3 O4 has attracted tremendous interest in vast areas of biomedicine and catalysis as well as environment engineering.However,it is highly desired to fully understand the chemical kinetic process and propose a general,surfactantfree,large-scale synthesis approach for Fe3 O4 spheres.Herein,we developed a facile scalable solvothermal method in the absence of surfactants to produce Fe3 O4 spheres with the yield of 5.1 g,which present tunable sizes from 107 to 450 nm by modulated molar ratio of Fe3+/COO-in the solution.Particularly,it is observed that the reactants undergo a redox process,composed of a precipitation-dissolution equilibrium combined with a coordination reaction(termed as RPC),to the final product based on the LaMer model.It is worth noting that the generation of di-carboxyl group and its coordination with iron cations determine the formation of Fe3 O4 spheres.This work not only offers a strategy to precisely tailor the particle size in scalable synthesis process,but also gives the insight on the role of dihydric alcohol in the formation mechanism of Fe3 O4 spheres in the absence of surfactants.

Simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from Escherichia coli BL 21 based on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles

The extraction of nucleic acid is recognized as one of the most essential steps in molecular biology for initiating other downstream applications such as sequencing, amplification, hybridization, and cloning. Many commercial kits and methods are currently available that allow the extraction of only one type of nucleic acids-DNA or RNA. However, in parallel clinical detection of several diseases, a method for simultaneous extraction of both DNA and RNA from the same source is needed in such cases. In this study, a method for simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from bacteria based on magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) was described. Lysis buffers were prepared to help the nucleic acid released and adsorbed to MNPs. Then, two washing buffers were used to remove the contamination of proteins and carbohydrates. The nucleic acids were finally eluted by Deoxyribonuclease(DNase) and Ribonucleases(RNase) free water. Different factors which might affect the purification of the nucleic acid were investigated, and the quantity and quality parameters of the nucleic acid were also recorded. The DNA and RNA extracted from bacteria were then respectively subjected to polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) to further confirm its quality. The results indicated that our method can be successfully used to simultaneously extract DNA and RNA from bacteria.