Different administration routes of tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma

Melasma is a prevalent and challenging skin condition that affects the face and causes distress in many patients and physicians.Tranexamic acid(TA)has been found to be effective for treating melasma and can be administered through multiple routes.This review details the mechanisms of action of TA in treatment of melasma and assesses the efficacy and safety associated with different administrations,which can contribute to selecting appropriate melasma treatment plan for different patients.

腭裂伤口延迟愈合规律的初期研究

目的研究腭裂术后伤口延迟愈合的变化规律。方法2017年4月至2019年12月在四川大学华西口腔医院唇腭裂外科行一期腭裂整复术,并且术后发生伤口延迟愈合的患者150例,分析腭裂伤口在延迟愈合的情况下,术后6个月内延迟愈合的变化规律及其影响因素。结果当伤口延迟愈合的部位分别发生在硬腭、硬软腭交界和软腭时,其最终形成的腭瘘分别占各部位延迟愈合总病例数的38.1%、9.8%和6.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=52.962,P<0.001)。当伤口延迟愈合的伤口面积分别为≤0.5 cm^(2)、>0.5~≤1.0 cm^(2)、>1.0~≤1.5 cm^(2)和>1.5 cm^(2)时,其最终形成的腭瘘分别占各伤口面积总病例数的5.6%、14.8%、35.8%和44.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.068,P<0.001)。其余相关影响因素如年龄、性别、腭裂类型等,差异均无统计学意义。结论腭裂术后出现延迟愈合的伤口,其最终是否形成腭瘘受伤口发生部位及伤口大小影响。

Comparison of long-term quality of life between Billroth-I and Roux-en-Y anastomosis after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a randomized controlled trial

Background:The results of studies comparing Billroth-I(B-I)with Roux-en-Y(R-Y)reconstruction on the quality of life(QoL)are still inconsistent.The aim of this trial was to compare the long-term QoL of B-I with R-Y anastomosis after curative distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 140 patients undergoing curative distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy in West China Hospital,Sichuan University from May 2011 to May 2014 were randomly assigned to the B-I group(N=70)and R-Y group(N=70).The follow-up time points were 1,3,6,9,12,24,36,48,and 60 months after the operation.The final follow-up time was May 2019.The clinicopathological features,operative safety,postoperative recovery,long-term survival as well as QoL were compared,among which QoL score was the primary outcome.An intention-to-treat analysis was applied.Results:The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups.There were no statistically significant differences in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality rates,and postoperative recovery between the two groups.Less estimated blood loss and shorter surgical duration were found in the B-I group.There were no statistically significant differences in 5-year overall survival(79%[55/70]of the B-I group vs.80%[56/70]of the R-Y group,P=0.966)and recurrence-free survival rates(79%[55/70]of the B-I group vs.78%[55/70]of the R-Y group,P=0.979)between the two groups.The scores of the global health status of the R-Y group were higher than those of the B-I group with statistically significant differences(postoperative 1 year:85.4±13.1 vs.88.8±16.1,P=0.033;postoperative 3 year:87.3±15.2 vs.92.8±11.3,P=0.028;postoperative 5 year:90.9±13.7 vs.96.4±5.6,P=0.010),and the reflux(postoperative 3 year:8.8±12.9 vs.2.8±5.3,P=0.001;postoperative 5 year:5.1±9.8 vs.1.8±4.7,P=0.033)and epigastric pain(postoperative 1 year:11.8±12.7 vs.6.1±8.8,P=0.008;postoperative 3 year:9.4±10.6 vs.4.6±7.9,P=0.006;postoperative 5 year:6.0±8.9 vs.2.7±4.6,P=0.022)were milder in the R-Y group than those of the B-I group at the postoperative 1,3,and 5-year time points.Conclusions:Compared with B-I group,R-Y reconstruction was associated with better long-term QoL by reducing reflux and epigastric pain,without changing survival outcomes.Trial Registration:ChiCTR.org.cn,ChiCTR-TRC-10001434.

Wood plastic composites based wood wall’s structure and thermal insulation performance

In order to solve the problem of poor thermal insulation in the current wood-plastic building,two kinds of structural wood wall integrated with wood plastic composite(WPC)are designed,and the thermal insulation performances of the walls are studied.The results show that the WPC integrated wall with frame-shear structure has a good stability,and the excellent performance of the WPC can be fully realized.Wall studs and wall panels are important factors affecting the thermal performance of the walls.Wood plastic materials can meet the thermal performance requirements of the walls.The single-layer frame walls and double-layer frame walls integrated with the WPC both have a good thermal performance.According to‘Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings(GB 50189-2015)’,the heat transfer coefficient of the single-layer frame wall integrated with 20 mm thick WPC wall boards and WPC wall studs is 0.414 W/(m^(2)•K),which can meet the standard of wall thermal levelⅡt and is suitable for cold areas.The heat transfer coefficient of the double-layer frame wall integrated with 50 mm thick WPC wall panel and WPC wall studs is 0.207 W/(m^(2)•K),which can meet the standard of wall thermal levelⅠt and is suitable for severe cold areas.

Engineered DNase-inactive Cpf1 variants to improve targeting scope for base editing in E.coli

The development of base editing(BE)technology has opened a new avenue for research studies in bacteriology,particularly for bacterial species in which the DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)introduced by CRISPR/Cas system would lead to cell death.However,a major limitation of BE-mediated gene editing is the restricted editable sites in the target bacterial genome due to highly diverse genomic compositions,such as GC content.Herein,we developed a broad-spectrum DNase-inactive Cpf1(dCpf1)variant from Francisella novicida(bsdFnCpf1)through directed evolution.The resulting optimized mutant showed a substantially expanded targeting range,including previously non-canonical protospacer-adjacent motifs(PAMs),especially the GC-rich PAMs.Cytidine deaminase APOBEC1 and uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor(UGI)were fused with bsdFnCpf1 to achieve specific C to T mutations at multiple target sites with canonical or non-canonical PAMs in the E.coli genome without compromising cell growth.We anticipate that bsdFnCpf1 could be applied for multiplex gene regulation and BE in species that have been reported to be suitable for Cpf1.