Approaching Ultimate Synthesis Reaction Rate of Ni-Rich Layered Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nickel-rich layered oxide LiNi_(x)Co_(y)MnzO_(2)(NCM,x+y+z=1)is the most promising cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries.However,conventional synthesis methods are limited by the slow heating rate,sluggish reaction dynamics,high energy consumption,and long reaction time.To overcome these chal-lenges,we first employed a high-temperature shock(HTS)strategy for fast synthesis of the NCM,and the approaching ultimate reaction rate of solid phase transition is deeply investigated for the first time.In the HTS process,ultrafast average reaction rate of phase transition from Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)(OH)_(2) to Li-containing oxides is 66.7(%s^(-1)),that is,taking only 1.5 s.An ultrahigh heating rate leads to fast reaction kinetics,which induces the rapid phase transition of NCM cathodes.The HTS-synthesized nickel-rich layered oxides perform good cycling performances(94%for NCM523,94%for NCM622,and 80%for NCM811 after 200 cycles at 4.3 V).These findings might also assist to pave the way for preparing effectively Ni-rich layered oxides for lithium-ion batteries.

基于可泛化模型的复杂商务场景数据分析

随着全球经济合作与竞争形势的快速发展,复杂商务场景日益涌现。其中,数据的规模和复杂性也呈现显著增长,在带来可利用数据资源的同时,也为有效挖掘和分析潜在商务模式带来挑战。本文首先针对复杂商务场景下的数据特点进行分析,其次调研了商务分析方法的研究进展,包括:大规模商务数据集、多模态预训练与特征融合方法以及多场景下可泛化商务模型技术。此外,对复杂商务场景数据分析在未来的应用发展进行思考与总结,讨论了目前亟需解决的关键问题,包括:对更多模态的适应性、商务分析模型可解释性、动态环境下的分布变化鲁棒性等。进一步分析了复杂商务场景可泛化模型的研究现状和挑战,旨在为复杂商务分析领域的研究提供初步参考,实现复杂商务场景的全面智能化。

Recent advances in fabricating high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators via modulating surface charge density

Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),a type of promising micro/nano energy source,have been arousing tremendous research interest since their inception and have been the subject of many striking developments,including defining the fundamental physical mechanisms,expanding applications in mechanical to electric power conversion and self-powered sensors,etc.TENGs with a superior surface charge density at the interfaces of the electrodes and dielectrics are found to be crucial to the enhancement of the performance of the devices.Here,an overview of recent advances,including material optimization,circuit design,and strategy conjunction,in developing TENGs through surface charge enhancement is presented.In these topics,different strategies are retrospected in terms of charge transport and trapping mechanisms,technical merits,and limitations.Additionally,the current challenges in high-performance TENG research and the perspectives in this field are discussed.

Preoperative ultrasound combined with routine blood tests in predicting the malignant risk of pancreatic cystic neoplasms

Objective:Accurate preoperative identification of benign or malignant pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCN)may help clinicians make better intervention choices and will be essential for individualized treatment.Methods:Preoperative ultrasound and laboratory examination findings,and demographic characteristics were collected from patients.Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors associated with malignant PCN,which were then included in the nomogram and validated with an external cohort.The Net Reclassification Index(NRI)and Integrated Discrimination Improvement(IDI)were calculated to evaluate the improvement in the predictive power of the new model with respect to that of a combined imaging and tumor marker prediction model.Results:Malignant PCN were found in 83(40.7%)and 33(38.7%)of the model and validation cohorts,respectively.Multivariate analysis identified age,tumor location,imaging of tumor boundary,blood type,mean hemoglobin concentration,neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio,carbohydrate antigen 19-9,and carcinoembryonic antigen as independent risk factors for malignant PCN.The calibration curve indicated that the predictions based on the nomogram were in excellent agreement with the actual observations.A nomogram score cutoff of 192.5 classified patients as having low vs.high risk of malignant PCN.The model achieved good C-statistics of 0.929(95%CI 0.890–0.968,P<0.05)and 0.951(95%CI 0.903–0.998,P<0.05)in predicting malignancy in the development and validation cohorts,respectively.NRI=0.268;IDI=0.271(P<0.001 for improvement).The DCA curve indicated that our model yielded greater clinical benefits than the comparator model.Conclusions:The nomogram showed excellent performance in predicting malignant PCN and may help surgeons select patients for detailed examination and surgery.The nomogram is freely available at https://wangjunjinnomogram.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/.

A columnar multi-layer sliding triboelectric nanogenerator for water wave energy harvesting independent of wave height and direction

The ocean,with its highly variable and complex meteorological conditions,harbors enormous renewable resources.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),which possess unique advantages,show exciting prospects in water wave energy collection.How to design and optimize TENGs to cover all characteristic water wave energies and achieve efficient energy utilization is emergent.In this paper,we carefully designed and fabricated a columnar multi-layer sliding TENG(CMLS-TENG)that can harvest water wave energy independent of wave height and direction.Drive rods with a hollow acrylic spherical shell were introduced to deliver wave energy,ensuring that the CMLS-TENG can work in all directions from 0°to 360°.Based on the sliding structure,switching the optimized CMLS-TENG is independent of wave heights.The optimized CMLS-TENG can achieve a total power density of 730 mW/m^(3) at a wave height of only 4.8 cm regardless of wave direction,which can illuminate multiple light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to provide lighting and provide power to a watch and a hygrometer for temperature and humidity monitoring.This work provides new choices and hopes for the effective collection of full-range water wave energy.

Low-dose immune tolerance induction for severe hemophilia A inhibitor patients:Immunosuppressants are generally not necessary for inhibitor-titer below 200 BU/mL

Importance:It remained unclear that the efficacy comparison between low-dose immune tolerance induction(LD-ITI)incorporating immunosuppressants(IS)when severe hemophilia A(SHA)patients had inhibitor-titer≥200 Bethesda Units(BU)/mL(LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen)and LD-ITI combining with IS when SHA patients had inhibitor-titer≥40 BU/mL(LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen).Objective:To compare the efficacy of the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen with that of the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen for SHA patients with high-titer inhibitors.Methods:A prospective cohort study on patients receiving LD-ITI-IS^(200) compared to those receiving LD-ITI-IS^(40) from January 2021 to December 2023.Both received LD-ITI[FVIII 50 IU/kg every other day].IS(rituximab+prednisone)was added when peak inhibitor tier≥200 BU/mL in the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen and≥40 BU/mL in the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen.Success is defined as a negative inhibitor plus FVIII recovery≥66%of the expected.Results:We enrolled 30 patients on LD-ITI-IS^(200) and 64 patients on LD-ITI-IS^(40),with similar baseline clinical characteristics.A lower IS-use rate was discovered in the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen compared to the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen(30.0%vs.62.5%).The two regimens(LD-ITI-IS^(200) vs.LD-ITI-IS^(40))had similar success rate(70.0%vs.79.7%),median time to success(9.4 vs.10.6 months),and annualized bleeding rate during ITI(3.7 vs.2.8).The cost to success was lower for LD-ITI-IS^(200) than for LD-ITI-IS^(40)(2107 vs.3256 US Dollar/kg).Among patients with peak inhibitor-titer 40-199 BU/mL,10 non-IS-using(on LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen)and 28 IS-using(on LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen)had similar success rates(70.0%vs.78.6%)and time to success(9.0 vs.8.8 months).Interpretation:In LD-ITI,IS are not necessary for inhibitor titer<200 BU/mL.

Manipulating functional groups between polyvinylidene difluoride and nanoparticles for high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator

Interface functional groups play an essential role in regulating the electrical properties of bulk materials.In this work,we designed a novel strategy to explore a new way to enhance triboelectric performance by regulating the functional groups between nano-fillers and polymer matrix without obvious changes in the dielectric constant.The silica nanoparticles(SNPs)modified perfluoro-silane coupling agents(PFSCAs)with different chain lengths were added to the polyvinylidene difluoride to regulate the transferred charge density(TCD)of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs).When the doping concentration of perfluorodecyl modified SNPs is 2.25 wt.%,the nanocomposite film based TENG exhibits the maximum TCD of 166μC/m^(2)and power density of 3.12 W/m^(2)which are 6 times and 39 times as big as those of pure polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)film.The charge accumulation and decay process show that interface functional groups dominate the performance of TENGs.Then,a Fermi level model is proposed and why the TCD could be regulated by the concentration of nanoparticles in bulk materials is explained.This work provides a new concept for understanding the performance of TENG independent dielectric constant and points out a new direction for enhancing TENG’s performance,since wealthy functional groups with selectivity are applicable.

铁死亡在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展

铁死亡是一种新近发现的程序性细胞死亡形式,其过程主要表现为铁依赖的膜结构脂质过氧化损伤,进而导致细胞的完整性破坏并崩解死亡。铁死亡参与了包括肿瘤、缺血再灌注损伤、急性肾损伤和神经系统疾病等在内的多种疾病过程。铁死亡在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要作用,尤其对消化系统肿瘤存在较大的潜在临床转化研究意义。本文对铁死亡的发生机制以及其在消化系统肿瘤中的相关进展进行系统综述。

Discussion on wind factor influencing the distribution of biological soil crusts on surface of sand dunes

Biological soil crusts are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions, whose formation and development have an important impact on the restoration process of the desert ecosystem. In order to explore the relationship between surface airflow and development characteristics of biological soil crusts, we studied surface airflow pattern and development characteristics of biological soil crusts on the fixed dune profile through field observation. Results indicate that the speed of near-surface airflow is the lowest at the foot of windward slope and the highest at the crest, showing an increasing trend from the foot to the crest. At the leeward side, although near-surface airflow increases slightly at the lower part of the slope after an initial sudden decrease at upper part of the slope, its overall trend decreases from the crest. Wind velocity variation coefficient varied at different heights over each observation site. The thickness, shear strength of biological soil crusts and percentage of fine particles at crusts layer decreased from the slope foot to the upper part, showing that biological soil crusts are less developed in high wind speed areas and well developed in low wind speed areas. It can be seen that there is a close relationship between the distribution of biological soil crusts in different parts of the dunes and changes in airflow due to geomorphologic variation.

Author correction to “Tumor-microenvironment activated duplex genome-editing nanoprodrug for sensitized near-infrared titania phototherapy” [Acta Pharm Sin B (2022) 4224-4234]

The authors regret that there is an error in the article Fig.5E due to the mistake of copying and pasting in the process of assembling figures and negligence in the proofreading.Although it does not affect the conclusion,it is an obvious error.The authors have now modified as below.The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused to the journal and readers.

Pharmacokinetic variability of factor VIII concentrates in Chinese pediatric patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A

Importance:The use of factor VIII(FVIII)concentrates under pharmacokinetic(PK)guidance has become the main approach for treatment of hemophilia.However,limited PK research has been conducted in Chinese pediatric patients.Objective:To investigate the PK parameters of various FVIII concentrates in Chinese pediatric patients.Methods:Seventy-nine patients were enrolled(28 treated with Kogenate FS^(®),23 treated with Advate^(®),and 28 treated with GreenMono^(™)).All enrolled patients participated in single-dose PK analysis after at least a 3-day washout period.Blood samples were collected predose,as well as at 1 h,9 h,24 h,and 48 h after infusion;FVIII levels were measured using a one-stage clotting assay,von Willebrand Factor Antigen(VWF:Ag)levels and blood types were also determined.PK parameters were evaluated by WAPPS-Hemo.Results:Mean values of terminal elimination half-life time(t_(1/2))for the Kogenate FS^(®),Advate^(®),and GreenMono^(™)FVIII groups were 12.24 h,10.18 h,and 9.62 h;median clearance values were 4.16,6.23,and 5.11 mL kg^(-1)h^(-1);and median in vivo recovery values were 1.97,1.55,and 1.61 IU/dL per IU/kg.Longer t_(1/2),higher in vivo recovery,and lower clearance were observed in patients with higher VWF:Ag level who were treated with recombinant concentrates.Interpretation:Chinese pediatric patients with hemophilia had FVIII PK characteristics similar to those previously observed in non-Chinese children,including large variation among individuals.VWF:Ag level and FVIII brand were associated with differences in FVIII PK.Thus,PK-guided dosing should be used to optimize individualized therapy in Chinese children.

Crosstalk Between Peripheral Innervation and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy,characterized by late diagnosis,aggressive growth,and therapy resistance,leading to a poor overall prognosis.Emerging evidence shows that the peripheral nerve is an important non-tumor component in the tumor microenvironment that regulates tumor growth and immune escape.The crosstalk between the neuronal system and PDAC has become a hot research topic that may provide novel mechanisms underlying tumor progression and further uncover promising therapeutic targets.In this review,we highlight the mechanisms of perineural invasion and the role of various types of tumor innervation in the progression of PDAC,summarize the potential signaling pathways modulating the neuronal-cancer interaction,and discuss the current and future therapeutic possibilities for this condition.

Tumor-microenvironment activated duplex genome-editing nanoprodrug for sensitized near-infrared titania phototherapy

Near-infrared(NIR)-light-triggered nanomedicine, including photodynamic therapy(PDT)and photothermal therapy(PTT), is growing an attractive approach for cancer therapy due to its high spatiotemporal controllability and minimal invasion, but the tumor eradication is limited by the intrinsic anti-stress response of tumor cells. Herein, we fabricate a tumor-microenvironment responsive CRISPR nanoplatform based on oxygen-deficient titania(TiO_(2-x)) for mild NIR-phototherapy. In tumor microenvironment, the overexpressed hyaluronidase(HAase) and glutathione(GSH) can readily destroy hyaluronic acid(HA) and disulfide bond and releases the Cas9/sgRNA from TiO_(2-x) to target the stress alleviating regulators, i.e., nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(NRF2) and heat shock protein 90a(HSP90a), thereby reducing the stress tolerance of tumor cells. Under subsequent NIR light illumination, the TiO_(2-x) demonstrates a higher anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo. This strategy not only provides a promising modality to kills cancer cells in a minimal side-effects manner by interrupting anti-stress pathways but also proposes a general approach to achieve controllable gene editing in tumor region without unwanted genetic mutation in normal environments.

Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans

Antimicrobial resistance leads to failure of clinical antimicrobial therapy,and has raised urgent global public health concern.Humans can acquire antimicrobial resistance fromdrugs through the food chain or the environment(contaminated water,air,soil,or manure).While antimicrobials have been regular supplements in animal feed that maintain health and improve productivity of livestock,their over-use in feeding forage has led to a rise in antibacterial resistance.This review summarizes the current use of antimicrobials in livestock,the harmful effects of antimicrobial resistance,and the comprehensive combat measures.

The role of biomarker in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor:a narrative review

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNET)are heterogenous tumors originated from the diffuse neuroendocrine cells of pancreas,which show the function of synthesis,storage and secretion of peptide hormones and biomimetic amines.Biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosing,evaluating prognosis and predicting treatment response for pNET patients.Traditional NET markers such as chromogranin A and Neuron Specific Enolase,as a diagnostic biomarker,have relatively low sensitivity and specificity in pNET patients.The emergence of new types of biomarkers provides more reliable indicators for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.Among them,NETest score is a promising biomarker with the highest diagnostic sensitivity(80%)and specificity(94%).In addition,this molecule can be also used as a prognostic biomarker,which can predict disease progression and shorter overall survival.Biomarkers related to therapeutic targets,such as vascular endothelial growth factor,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,and key molecules of mTOR signaling pathway,have capability to predict response of treatment.With the development of nextgeneration sequencing,chip array,and digital droplet PCR,novel biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells,tumor-derived exosomes,and circulating tumor DNA and mRNA are expected to provide more accurate diagnosis,prognostic information,and prospective therapeutic targets.In this paper,biomarkers of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and their role in diagnosis,prognosis,diagnosis,treatment and monitoring are systematically introduced.Our conclusions can provide new basis for clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment process.