内燃动车组动力包刚柔耦合双层隔振系统动力学建模及参数影响分析

动力包系统为内燃动车组的重要组成部分,其隔振性能直接关系到动车组的运行安全性及乘坐舒适性。针对动力包刚柔耦合双层隔振系统,提出了一种基于子结构频响函数综合的动力包刚柔耦合双层隔振系统建模方法。该方法将动力包系统分为发电机组、散热器机组、公共构架和车体地板子结构,通过2次频响函数综合建立了公共构架B-基础D综合体和机组刚体的频响函数表达式,大大提升了建模效率与计算速度,对工程计算和设计具有重要的价值。通过与ABAQUS软件中有限元频响结果进行对比,验证了该方法的正确性与计算精度。以某型内燃动车组动力包系统为研究对象,利用该建模方法,结合动力包系统实际隔振设计需求,研究了子结构质量比、子结构刚度、子结构阻尼、各级隔振器刚度及阻尼等参数对动力包系统隔振性能的影响规律,为内燃动车组动力包隔振系统设计及优化提供了理论支撑。

齿轮啮合刚度建模中齿面摩擦因素影响分析研究

齿轮系统在航空航天、汽车制造、农业机械等领域中应用广泛,能够实现复杂的动力传递与运动控制。齿轮啮合刚度及变化规律对齿轮系统动力学特性有直接影响。齿轮啮合过程中表面摩擦特性是影响齿面啮合刚度的主要因素之一,如何考虑摩擦因素,合理建立啮合面刚度模型长期以来一直是学术界研究的热点。分析目前主要的统计学模型、数值分析模型、分形接触理论模型的建模方式,为研究齿轮传动动力学建模提供参考。

基于QZSS和座椅半自动悬架的振动压路机平顺性提升

为了提高振动压路机的平顺性,提出了一种座椅悬架的半主动悬架(SAS)和准零刚度结构(QZSS)的组合.建立了3-D振动压路机的动力学模型,在弹塑性土壤各种工作条件下,对座椅的SAS和QZSS进行仿真与性能分析.将驾驶员座椅的加权加速度均方根值(a ws)和功率谱密度加速度(PSD)作为目标函数,进行了试验研究,以验证模型的准确性.研究结果表明,与座椅的被动悬架相比,座椅的SAS显著提高了振动压路机的平顺性,而座椅被动悬架中添加QZSS比座椅的SAS更能提高平顺性.特别是QZSS添加在座椅SAS中,驾驶员座椅的a ws和最大PSD值相比座椅的被动悬架分别降低了75.7%和74.3%.因此,将QZSS添加在座椅SAS中,可以进一步提高振动压路机的平顺性.

动力包多子结构双层隔振系统隔振优化方法

为了提升内燃动力包隔振性能,针对优化设计过程中优化参数较多及优化效率较低的问题,对其隔振优化方法进行研究。首先,通过综合各子结构质量、刚度矩阵建立多子结构动力包双层隔振系统24自由度动力学模型,对系统进行传统的全局坐标系下自由度耦合分析并据此提出能够去除子结构平动、转动自由度固有耦合效应的多坐标系解耦概念;其次,运用Sobol’全局灵敏度分析方法确定对动力包隔振性能影响较大的参数,并将其作为优化变量;然后,综合考虑解耦率与隔振效率对动力包进行多目标优化;最后,根据建立的动力包刚柔耦合有限元模型对系统隔振性能进行评估。结果表明,优化后系统解耦率及各工况下隔振效率均达到较高水平,验证了该方法的有效性。

摊铺机振捣机构多重相位对动力学特性影响

路面摊铺的初步压实主要依靠摊铺机的振捣机构来完成,机构内的相位关系对整个振捣器的动力学特性有重大影响。针对某款摊铺机,基于刚体的假设建立了振捣机构横截面上两个自由度的动力学模型,并根据研究机型的参数仿真计算了不同主副振捣相位差、基础段相位差、加长段相位差与振捣机构总成惯性力的规律,分析了这三种相位差对振捣机构产生整体能量的影响,优化了相位参数的选择;并提出薄膜压力传感器测量熨平板对地压力的方法,进一步通过熨平板对地压力横向分布特性,实验验证相位优化的可行性。结果表明,主副振捣相位差为90°、加长段相位差为180°时,振捣机构输入熨平板箱体的总能量最小,熨平板对地压力横向分布具有更好地均匀性。研究相位差与动力学特性关系,在设计振捣机构方面具有参考价值。

高功率密度行星减速器设计的关键核心技术综述

行星减速器是机电设备中的核心功能部件,随着产品对空间和质量的要求越来越严格,高功率密度行星减速器应运而生,这也对减速器精度及精度保持性、输入输出性能、振动、噪声及可靠性、寿命等提出了更高要求。传统的行星减速器设计技术难以满足产品开发的要求。针对高功率密度行星减速器开发中的动力学设计、多物理场耦合仿真、可靠性设计及寿命预测等三个关键核心设计技术进行分析论述,可为减速器产品的研发提供参考。

湿式多盘制动器设计中基础模型与分析方法

湿式多盘制动器是机械、航空、交通、船舶等行业中的核心部件,它具有良好的制动性能和可靠性,正在取代传统的鼓式和盘式制动器。湿式多盘制动器结构复杂,设计过程中涉及机械学、动力学、传热学及材料学等多个学科,因此在湿式多盘制动器的设计中,产生了新的基础理论模型和分析方法。针对摩擦对偶片表面接触建模、制动过程中振动及接合特性建模分析以及制动过程中热机耦合寿命预测建模分析等前沿研究进行论述,为湿式多盘制动器的设计和研究提供参考。

不同壁材对乳化溶剂蒸发法制备南极磷虾油纳米乳的影响

采用乳清分离蛋白、酪蛋白酸钠、硬脂酸和玉米醇溶蛋白4种不同壁材,通过乳化溶剂蒸发法制备南极磷虾油纳米乳。对4种壁材制备的南极磷虾油纳米乳的包埋率、粒径、Zeta电位、形态、热稳定性及其脂肪酸组成与相对含量进行分析。结果表明,选用以酪蛋白酸钠为壁材制备的南极磷虾油纳米乳包埋率为(76.03±1.27)%,粒径为(141.92±3.38)nm,Zeta电位为(-22.65±3.32)mV;扫描电子显微镜分析显示纳米乳颗粒呈球状,表面光滑无褶皱;差示扫描量热分析显示纳米乳热熔温度较高,为(62.84±0.53)℃,在室温下热稳定性良好;与南极磷虾油相比,以酪蛋白酸钠为壁材制备的南极磷虾油纳米乳,包埋油中脂肪酸组成及相对含量基本没有变化。实验结果说明,以酪蛋白酸钠为壁材,采用乳化溶剂蒸发法制备的南极磷虾油纳米乳能较好地保留南极磷虾油本身良好的功能组分。

错齿盘铣刀多齿铣削机理分析

错齿盘铣刀由刀体和可转位刀片组成,安装在铣齿机上在可进行齿轮成形铣削工艺,属于非自由强力铣削。切削载荷、切削耐用度与加工精度是研究其切削机理的关键内容。在研究切削载荷方面,通过建立的切屑拓扑结构,应用TFEA方法,结合刀具的结构以及加工参数,采用非线性指数方程,建立切削载荷模型。采用电流测试的方法进行有效验证。由于机床的横向方向与齿形方向一致,同时是刚性薄弱方向,综合考虑三向切削载荷而不是平面切削载荷,比较三向切削载荷幅值、相位在成形时刻的变化情况。基于相位的变化,产生相位一致和相位相反两种情况,进而产生负向误差和正向误差。结合Z向运动位移,预测不同切削参数下加工精度的变化趋势,为现场加工提供指导作用。

基于混沌粒子群算法的冰箱压缩机隔振优化设计

冰箱压缩机隔振系统的参数寻优问题关系到隔振成败,传统参数优化设计存在容易陷入局部最优和迭代发散问题。针对该问题建立压缩机4点隔振的动力学模型,提出以隔振系统的6自由度能量最大程度解耦为优化目标、以4点支撑的各向刚度为设计参数的系统频率离散分配优化方法,首次采用基于罚函数约束的混沌粒子群算法进行隔振参数寻优求解。结果表明,优化后隔振系统固有频率分配更加合理,主要方向解耦率得到显著提高。混沌粒子群算法克服传统序列二次规划法容易陷入局部最优的缺点,所得系统隔振效果优良,相对于遗传算法优化结果解耦程度更高。动力学仿真分析验证所提优化方法的合理性和有效性。

Effects of crankpin bearing speed and dimension on engine power

A new method combining the slider-crank mechanism dynamic(SCM)and crankpin bearing(CB)lubrication models is proposed to analyze the effects of CB dimensions and engine speed on the lubrication efficiency and friction power loss(LE-FPL)of an engine.The dynamic and lubrication equations are then solved on the basis of the combined model via an algorithm developed in MATLAB.To enhance the reliability of the research results,the experimental data of combustion gas pressure is applied for simulation.The load bearing capacity(or oil film pressure),friction force,friction coefficient,and eccentricity ratio of the CB are selected as objective functions to evaluate the LE-FPL.The effects of engine speed,bearing width,and bearing radius on the LE-FPL are then evaluated.Results show that reductions in engine speed,bearing width,or bearing radius can decrease the FPL but reduce the LE of the engine and vice versa.In particular,the LE-FPL can effectively be improved by slightly reducing the bearing width and bearing radius or maintaining engine speed at 2000 r/min.

Ride quality evaluation of the soil compactor cab supplemented by auxiliary hydraulic mounts via simulation and experiment

In order to evaluate the ride quality of the soil compactor cab supplemented by the auxiliary hydraulic mounts (AHM), a nonlinear dynamic model of the soil compactor interacting with the off-road deformable terrain is established based on Matlab/Simulink sofware. The power spectral density (PSD) and the weighted root mean square (RMS) of acceleration responses of the vertical driver s seat, the cab s pitch and roll angle are chosen as objective functions in low-frequency range. Experimental investigation is also used to verify the accuracy of the model. The influence of the damping coefficients of the AHM on the cab s ride quality is analyzed, and damping coefficients are then optimized via a genetic algorithm program. The research results show that the cab s rubber mounts added by the AHM clearly improve the ride quality under various operating conditions. Particularly, with the optimal damping coefficients of the front-end mounts c a 1,2 = 1 500 N · s/m and of the rear-end mounts c a 3,4 =2 335 N · s/m, the weighted RMS values of the driver s seat, the cab s pitch and roll angle are reduced by 22.2%, 18.8%, 58.7%, respectively. Under the condition of the vehicle travelling, with the optimal damping coefficients of c a 1,2 = 1 500 N · s/m and c a 3,4 =1 882 N · s/m, the maximum PSD values of the driver s seat, the cab s pitch and roll angle are clearly decreased by 36.7%, 54.7% and 50.6% under the condition of the vehicle working.

Performance analysis of semi-active cab’s hydraulic system of the vibratory roller using optimal fuzzy-PID control

In order to evaluate the performance of semi-active cab’s hydraulic mounts(SHM)of the off-road vibratory roller with the optimal fuzzy-PID(proportional integral derivative)control,a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle interacting with off-road terrains is established based on Matlab/Simulink software.The weighted root-mean-square(RMS)acceleration responses of the driver’s seat heave and the cab’s pitch angle are chosen as objective functions.The SHM is then optimized and analyzed via the optimal fuzzy-PID control under different operation conditions.The simulations results show that the driver’s ride comfort and the cab shaking are greatly affected by the off-road terrains under various operating conditions of the vehicle,especially at the speed from 8 to 12 km/h on a very poor terrain surface of Grenville soil ground under the vehicle travelling.With SHM using the optimal fuzzy-PID control,the driver’s ride comfort and the cab shaking are clearly improved under various operation conditions of the vehicle,particularly at the speed from 6 to 7 km/h of the vehicle traveling.

Effect of the off-road terrains on the ride comfort of construction vehicles

In order to evaluate the impact of off-road terrains on the ride comfort of construction vehicles,a nonlinear dynamic model of the construction vehicles interacting with the terrain deformations is established based on Matlab/Simulink software.The weighted root mean square(RMS)acceleration responses and the power spectral density(PSD)acceleration responses of the driver s seat heave,the pitch and roll angle of the cab in the low-frequency region are chosen as objective functions under different operation conditions of the vehicle.The results show that the impact of off-road terrains on the driver s ride comfort and health is clear under various conditions of deformable terrains and range of vehicle velocities.In particular,the driver s ride comfort is greatly affected by a soil terrain while the comfortable shake of the driver is strongly affected by a sand terrain.In addition,when the vehicle travels on a poor soil terrain in the frequency range below 4 Hz,more resonance peaks of acceleration PSD responses occurred than that on a rigid road of ISO 2631-1 level C.Thus,the driver s health is significantly affected by the deformable terrain in a low-frequency range.

Applying machine learning for cars’semi-active air suspension under soft and rigid roads

To improve the ride quality and enhance the control efficiency of cars’semi-active air suspensions(SASs)under various surfaces of soft and rigid roads,a machine learning(ML)method is proposed based on the optimized rules of the fuzzy control(FC)method and car dynamic model for application in SASs.The root-mean-square(RMS)acceleration of the driver’s seat and car’s pitch angle are chosen as the objective functions.The results indicate that a soft surface obviously influences a car’s ride quality,particularly when it is traveling at a high-velocity range of over 72 km/h.Using the ML method,the car’s ride quality is improved as compared to those of FC and without control under different simulation conditions.In particular,compared with those cars without control,the RMS acceleration of the driver’s seat and car’s pitch angle using the ML method are respectively reduced by 30.20% and 19.95% on the soft road and 34.36% and 21.66% on the rigid road.In addition,to optimize the ML efficiency,its learning data need to be updated under all various operating conditions of cars.

Stability analysis of the rotating tribological pair system on circular-disc end faces

In order to study the stability of friction and contact of the rotating tribological pair system,considering the influence of the changeable factors on the stability,the system dynamics analysis model based on the Lagrange equation is firstly established.The surface contact stiffness model is determined on the basis of the fractal theory.The model of the friction torque with velocities is created by using the Stribeck friction effect.The Lyapunov indirect method is employed to explore the eigenvalue problem of the system state equation.The effects of the applied load,the fractal dimension,the fractal scaling coefficient and the Stribeck coefficient on the system stability are investigated in detail.The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the tribological pair system is prone to causing system instability at low speed,and the system instability boundary value decreases when the Stribeck coefficient decreases.The fractal dimension and the fractal scaling coefficient impact the system stability slightly when fractal dimensions are large,and the system instability can be reduced by properly increasing the surface smoothness.Moreover,the system instability evidently increases with the increase in the applied load and the Stribeck coefficient.These achievements can provide a reference and theoretical support for the analysis of the dynamic performance of the tribological pair system.

Comparison of the vibration isolation performance of a seat suspension with various design modes

Three design modes of seat suspension,i.e.,negative stiffness elements(NSEs),damping elements(DEs),and negative stiffness-damping elements(NSDEs),are proposed to evaluate the ride performance of a vehicle.Based on a dynamic model of a seat suspension and indexes of the root mean square deformation and acceleration of the seat suspension(x RMS)and driver s seat(a RMS),the influence of the design parameters of the NSEs,DEs,and NSDEs on the driver s ride comfort is evaluated.A genetic algorithm is then applied to optimize the parameters of the NSEs,DEs,and NSDEs.The study results indicate that the design parameters of the NSEs and NSDEs remarkably influence x RMS and a RMS,whereas those of the DEs insignificantly influence x RMS and a RMS.Based on the optimal results of the NSEs,DEs,and NSDEs,the damping force of the DEs is 98.3%lower than the restoring force of the NSEs.Therefore,the DEs are ineffective in decreasing x RMS and a RMS.Conversely,the NSEs combined with the damping coefficient of the seat suspension strongly reduce x RMS and a RMS.Consequently,the NSEs can be added to the seat suspension,and the damping coefficient of the seat suspension can also be optimized or controlled to further enhance the vehicle s ride performance.

Influence of micro asperity contact and radial clearance on the tribological properties of crankpin bearings

A new hybrid numerical method that couples the dynamic slider-crank mechanism(SCM)and crankpin bearing(CB)lubrication models is proposed to analyze the effect of micro asperity contact on the tribological properties of a CB.In the hybrid model,the dynamic equations of the SCM are established based on the Newton method,while the lubrication equations of the CB are established on the basis of the Reynolds equation.Experimental data of the engine are also used in simulation analyses to enhance the reliability of the results.The load-bearing capacity(LBC)and friction force of the CB are selected as objective functions.Results show that the LBC has a negligible effect on the tribological properties of the CB,but the friction force greatly affects the resistance of the bearing under different radial clearances and surface roughness values.In particular,the maximum friction force in the asperity contact region accounts for 40.5%of the maximum total friction force at a radial clearance of 5μm and 77.7%of the maximum total friction of the CB with a surface roughness of 10μm.

Method of ameliorating the lubrication and friction performance of an engine based on different microtextures

A design of different microtextures on the surface of the crankpin bearing(CB)is proposed to ameliorate the lubrication and friction performance(LFP)of engines.On the basis of the CB s hydrodynamic lubrication model,the bearing surface of CB using different microtextures,such as wedge-shaped textures(WSTs),square textures(STs),circular textures(CTs),and combined square-circular textures(CSCTs),is simulated and assessed under various external loads of the CB at an engine speed of 2000 r/min.The pressure of the oil film,the frictional force,the force of the solid asperity contact,and the friction coefficient of the CB are used as objective functions.Results indicate that the bearing surface designed by the STs remarkably improves the CB s LFP in comparison with other structures of WSTs,CTs,and CSCTs.Particularly,the average values of the frictional force,solid asperity contact,and friction coefficient of the CB using the STs are greatly reduced by 28.5%,14.5%,and 33.2%and by 34.4%,26.3%,and 43.6%in comparison with the optimized CB dimensions and CTs,respectively.Therefore,the application of the STs on the CB surfaces can enhance the LFP of engines.

Low-frequency ride comfort of vibratory rollers equipped with cab hydro-pneumatic mounts

Based on the advantages of hydraulic and pneumatic mounts,a new hydro-pneumatic mount(HPM)is proposed to improve the low-frequency ride comfort of vibration rollers.Through the experiment of the vibratory roller,a nonlinear vehicle dynamic model working on off-road soil grounds is then established to assess the HPM's ride comfort in the low-frequency region.Two indices,the power spectral density(PSD)acceleration and root mean square(RMS)acceleration of the operator vibration and cab shaking,are chosen as objective functions in both the frequency and time regions.The research results show that when the cab isolations are equipped with the HPM,the RMS values of the operator's seat,cab's pitch and roll angles are reduced by 35%,42%and 53%;and the maximum PSD of the operator's seat,cab's pitch and roll angles are decreased by 39%,59%and 65%,respectively.Consequently,the characteristics of the nonlinear damper and high-static stiffness of HPM can greatly reduce the operator vibration and cab shaking in the low-frequency region when compared to the vibratory roller's cab using the rubber mounts.