危废焚烧锅炉饱和蒸汽驱动有机朗肯循环系统热力学分析

危险废弃物焚烧处理过程中产生的热量通常用于生产饱和蒸汽以供应工业园区的蒸汽、热量等需求,也可以用于低温发电。分析了饱和蒸汽驱动有机朗肯循环(ORC)系统做功时的热力学特性。通过基本工况下蒸汽潜热型热源与ORC系统的热匹配特性分析,提出3种优化措施,并研究了单一优化和组合优化措施下以及不同工况下的系统热力学性能。结果表明,组合优化可使系统获得更优的性能,相对于基本工况,优化后的工况下最大净输出功为3 193.81 kW,提高了170.46%;热效率为23.34%,提高了30.25%;总[火用]效率为66.25%,提高了41.80%。

基于太阳能分频利用的光伏/光热综合发电系统热力学分析

通过对太阳能聚光投入辐射进行分频,建立光伏与光热驱动有机朗肯循环综合供电系统。在冷却背板温度100℃的限制下,对该系统进行热力学分析,筛选了适宜的循环工质,获得了有机朗肯循环(ORC)系统优化的蒸发温度。结果表明:isobutene作为光伏系统的冷却工质和ORC系统的循环工质时系统效率最高,分频技术将冷却背板散热负荷转移至集热器,可降低光伏板的散热需求,从而降低循环工质质量流量,对提高系统发电能力有积极作用,该系统可将单纯光伏发电效率提高9百分点;同时,分频效率和太阳能电池吸收波段对综合供电系统的总效率影响较大。

危废焚烧处理耦合有机朗肯循环系统工质筛选与热力学优化

危险废弃物焚烧处理产生的热量除了用于满足自身系统热量需求和损失外,其余大部分热量可以作为低温发电系统热源。利用该余热锅炉产生的饱和蒸汽作为潜热型热源驱动有机朗肯循环系统做功,并基于热力学和热经济学分析进行工质筛选。研究进一步对危废焚烧系统的基础流程进行优化,并分析了回热对ORC系统的热力学性能的影响。结果表明,工质Benzene表现最优,且危废系统优化后做功能力的提升,相较于基础结构增加了24.5%,回热后ORC系统净输出功提升了19.98%,热效率提升了35.57%,?效率提升了19.99%。

地热能有机朗肯循环系统控制策略研究

有机朗肯循环在中低温热能利用领域有着重要的应用。对其控制策略的研究是该技术走向实用化的必须过程。基于干热岩地热井口条件,通过热力学计算和设备选型设计了对应的ORC机组,并对该机组进行建模和动态仿真,研究了四种策略对ORC机组性能的影响规律及控制性能:恒定过热度运行,恒定蒸发压力运行,恒定负荷运行以及变负荷运行。结果表明:通过工质泵流量进行调节可以满足ORC系统的动态控制,实现系统的高效和稳定运行。恒定过热度运行不仅能在热源温度波动时保证系统的安全运行,同时也表现出最佳的输出性能。恒定蒸发压力运行、恒定负荷运行和变负荷运行可以在其需要的稳压、稳负荷和变负荷场景中应用,但它们都对过热度有极大的影响,这限制了它们的适用范围。因此在实际应用中应根据具体的工作场景在控制策略中组合不同的运行模式。

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Pd-SnO_2/D_(3520) CATALYSTS

Distribution of metals on Pd - SnO_2/D_(3520) catalysts and state of the catalysts were studied with SEM, XRD. The interaction between metals and support or between Pd and Sn or Ph were studied by IR, XPS. In addition, the relationship of the activity for catalytic hydrogenation of the olefins and outer layer valence electron density Of Pd was discussed. The results showed that these catalysts had suitable surface state, the metals were uniformly dispersed on the surface layer of the suPPort. There were not obvious lute7uction between the metals and the suPPort. There was strong interaction between Pd and Sn (or Pb) in the catalysts. The catalytic activity for hydrogenation was related to outer layer silence electron density of Pd.

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Pd-SnO_2/D3520 CATALYSTS

Distribution of metals on Pd-SnO2/D3520 catalysts and state of the catalystswere studied with SEM, XRD. The interactlbn between metals and supped or between Pd and Sn or Ph were studied by IR, XPS. In addition, the relationship ofthe activity for catalytic hydrogenation of the olefins and outer layer valence electrondensity of Pd was discussed. The results showed that these catalysts had suitablesurface state, the metals were uniformly dispersed on the surface layer of the suppnd. There were not obvious interaction between the metals and the supal. Therewas strong interaction between Pd and Sn (or Ph) in the catalysts. The catalytic activity for hydrogenation was related to outer layer valence electron density of Pd.