球孢白僵菌可湿性粉剂防治玉米螟的研究与应用

吉林省农业科学院针对玉米螟幼虫筛选了高致病球孢白僵菌菌株,与吉林省八达农药有限公司合作共同研发了400亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌可湿性粉剂,在玉米螟幼虫孵化高峰期时采用人工或机械喷雾方式防治一代和二代玉米螟幼虫,每亩用量是100~120 g,药后14~20 d防效达到61%以上,持效期长。

Monitoring and Evaluation of Present Situation of Environmental Quality in the Sea Area near the Aojiang Estuary in Wenzou

Based on the monitoring results of environmental quality in the sea area near the Aojiang estuary in Wenzou during 2010-2012,the present situation of environmental quality in the sea area was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that p H,DO,CODMn,petroleum,and heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As and Cr) in the sea area near the Aojiang estuary did not exceed the second-class standard of Seawater Quality Standard( GB 3097-1997),but both inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate in the sea area exceeded the second-class standard seriously,and the water quality of the sea area was in an eutrophic state; domestic sewage and fertilizer loss were the main sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. The standard index of most evaluation factors of sediment quality except for Zn was smaller than 1,meeting the demands of sediment quality for environmental protection.

Detection of Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Eggs of Antarctic Seabirds Based on Gas Chromatography and Their Ecological Environment Significance

By using internal standard method based on gas chromatography-electron capture detector （GC-ECD）, the contents of persistent or- ganochlorine pollutants polychorinated biphenyls （PCBs） and organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） in eggs of seabirds （ Catharacta Ionnbergi, Cathar- acta maccormicki, Pygoscelis papua and Macronectes giganteus） breeding on King George Island, Antarctica were detected, and their ecological environment significance was discussed. The results showed that the recovery of various compounds ranged from 68.6% to 90.8% ; relative stand- ard deviation （RSD） was 3.6%, and the lowest detection limits of PCBs and OCPs were 0.8 - 16 and 2 - 12 pg respectively, which could meet the demands for the residue analysis of trace persistent organochlorine pollutants in the eggs of Antarctic seabirds. The contents of PCBs, DDTs, HCB and HCHs in the eggs of Antarctic seabirds were 0.5 -515.5, 2.0 -304.4,0.5 -70.5, and 0.5 -2.0 ng/g respectively. In addition, the accumula- tion of PCBs and OCPs in the skuas was enhanced gradually through the food chain. The maximums of persistent organochlorine pollutants ap- peared in the eggs of C. Ionnbergi, followed by the eggs of C. maccomicki. The detection of OCPs and PCBs in the eggs of Antarctic seabirds was not interfered by other compounds containing chlorine, showing that the extraction, purification and detection method was suitable for the analysis of OCPs and PCBs in the eggs of Antarctic seabirds and has high sensitivity and reliability.

Comparison of symptom and risk assessment methods among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background The global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） guidelines classify patients into four groups according to the number of symptoms and the level of future risk of acute exacerbation COPD （AECOPD）. This study aimed to compare the results of different methods used in diagnosis of COPD and evaluate the accuracy of the assessment methods in guiding clinical practice. Methods A survey was conducted of 194 COPD outpatients between March and September 2012. Demographic characteristics, the number of exacerbations the patient has had within the previous 12 months, COPD assessment test （CAT）, Modified British Medical Research Council （mMRC） scale, and results of the lung function tests were recorded. Results Of the 194 patients assessed, 21 had a CAT score 〉10 and an mMRC grade ≤1, 13 had a CAT score 〈10 and an mMRC grade ≥2. A predicted forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1%） of 〈50% with less than two acute exacerbations was observed in 39 patients, while a predicted FEV1% of 〉50% was noted in 20 patients with two or more acute exacerbations. The sensitivity of a predicted FEV1% 〈50% in predicting the risk of AECOPD in the future was 80.9%, while that in the real number of AECOPD events recorded was 62.8%, the difference being statistically significant （P=0.004）. The sensitivity of CAT in predicting the severity of symptoms was 90%, while that of mMRC was 83.8%, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The COPD assessment method recommended by the global initiative for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （GOLD） 2011 is complicated and should be simplified. CAT is more comprehensive and accurate than mMRC. The lung function classification is a better tool for predicting the risk of AECOPD in the future, and the number of AECOPD can be referred to when required.

融合空气数据的深度网络慢阻肺评估测试评分预测模型的构建及意义

目的构建融合空气数据的深度网络慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)评估测试(CAT)评分预测模型,并探讨其意义。方法采用定组研究的方法,自2015年2月至2017年12月从北京大学第三医院、北京大学人民医院和北京积水潭医院呼吸科门诊入选稳定期的慢阻肺患者,采集患者住宅区附近的室外环境监测空气数据,计算患者每日空气污染物暴露量和天气数据,并连续记录患者每日的CAT评分。通过融合时序算法和神经网络建立模型对患者未来一周的CAT评分进行预测,并比较该模型与长短期记忆模型(LSTM)、添加全局注意力机制的LSTM模型(LSTM-attention)和自回归移动模型(ARIMA)的预测准确程度,并探讨预测模型的意义。结果共纳入47例慢阻肺患者,平均随访时间为381.60 d,利用采集的空气数据和CAT评分构建长短期记忆模型-卷积神经网络-自回归(LSTM-CNN-AR)模型,其模型的均方根误差为0.85,平均绝对误差为0.71,较LSTM、LSTM-attention和ARIMA三者中最优模型平均预测准确度提升21.69%。结论基于慢阻肺患者所处环境的空气数据,融合深度网络模型可更精准地预测慢阻肺患者的CAT评分。