Stratigraphic identification using real-time drilling data

Identification of stratigraphic interfaces and lithology is a key aspect in geological and geotechnical investigations.In this study,a monitoring while-drilling system was developed,along with a corresponding data pre-processing method.The method can handle invalid drilling data generated during manual operations.The correlation between various drilling parameters was analyzed,and a database of stratigraphic interfaces and key lithology identification based on the monitoring parameters was established.The average drilling speed was found to be the most suitable parameter for stratigraphic and lithology identification,and when the average drilling speed varied over a wide range,it corresponded to a stratigraphic interface.The average drilling speeds in sandy mudstone and sandstone strata were in the ranges of 0.1e0.2 m/min and 0.2e0.29 m/min,respectively.The results obtained using the present method were consistent with geotechnical survey results.The proposed method can be used for realtime lithology identification and represents a novel approach for intelligent geotechnical surveying.

Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and fuels

In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels for a low carbon future,lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production rate has been identified as a promising feedstock.This review focuses on the state-of-the-art catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels.Following a brief introduction on the structure,major resources and pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic biomass,the catalytic conversion of three main components,i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,into various compounds are comprehensively discussed.Either in separate steps or in one-pot,cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed into sugars and upgraded into oxygen-containing chemicals such as 5-HMF,furfural,polyols,and organic acids,or even nitrogen-containing chemicals such as amino acids.On the other hand,lignin is first depolymerized into phenols,catechols,guaiacols,aldehydes and ketones,and then further transformed into hydrocarbon fuels,bioplastic precursors and bioactive compounds.The review then introduces the transformations of whole biomass via catalytic gasification,catalytic pyrolysis,as well as emerging strategies.Finally,opportunities,challenges and prospective of woody biomass valorization are highlighted.

SBAS-InSAR和PS-InSAR技术在鲁西南某线性工程沿线地面沉降成因分析中的应用

地面沉降问题严重影响着鲁西南经济发展区交通工程建设。文中选择某线性工程两侧5 km范围作为研究区,文章收集RadarSAT-2(2017—2020年)、Sentinel-1A(2019—2020年)存档数据和沿线区域地质、水文地质、矿产开发资料,采用时序InSAR分析的方法,对研究区沿线地面沉降分布特征及规律进行综合分析。研究结果表明:研究区主要地面沉降诱因是煤矿采空区塌陷和地下水超量开采,前者以矿区工作面为中心形成沉降漏斗,沉降速率变化和沉降中心移动与煤矿作业工作面挖掘进度和转移密切相关;后者沉降分布规律与地下水开采使用点相关,形成与地下水开采使用范围相近的沉降带。研究区在2017—2020年内持续发生沉降,最大年均沉降速率为136.5 mm/a,单年累计最大沉降量为220 mm。经同期CPI水准点观测结果校核,InSAR数据处理成果平均误差小于1 cm/a,相关系数到达70%以上。本文采用的分析方法能及时准确反映出线路方案穿行研究区内各处地面沉降变化,为线路方案规划和地质灾害整治提供有效合理参考。